为研究高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和次氯酸钠对双叉薮枝虫水母的抑制杀灭效果,在水温(28.8±0.7)℃、盐度为(7.4±0.7)的条件下,分别进行了不同浓度高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和次氯酸钠对双叉薮枝虫水母作用3h和24 h后致死试验.结果 显示:当高锰酸钾浓度为2.0 mg/L时,3h后双叉薮枝虫水母平均成活率为80.0％,24 h后成活率为40.0％,当高锰酸钾浓度为2.9 mg/L时,3h后平均成活率为43.3％,24 h后平均成活率为0％;当硫酸铜浓度为0.3 mg/L时,3h后平均成活率约为100％,24 h后平均成活率为56.7％,当硫酸铜浓度为0.6 mg/L时,3h后平均成活率约为63.3％,24 h后平均成活率为0％;260 mg/L次氯酸钠浓度作用3h后,双叉薮枝虫水母成活率仍然有93.3％,但当104 mg/L次氯酸钠浓度作用24 h后,成活率迅速降为36.7％.综合比较,硫酸铜终浓度为0.6 mg/L且作用24 h抑制杀灭水母效果最佳,生产上药物作用24 h后结合池底吸污操作,抑制去除育苗水体中水母效果好.本研究对培育鱼苗过程中如何抑制去除双叉薮枝虫水母具有一定指导意义.

研究了不同盐度对可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)孵化、 幼体存活和生长的影响.结果表明:1)可口革囊星虫孵化适宜盐度范围为15～30,最适盐度为20～26,呈现出偏低盐的倾向;2)在盐度为10、15、20、25～26、30、35时可口革囊星虫幼虫不投饵存活系数(survival activity index,SAI)分别为9.8、78.3、60.9、12.6、12.2、10.7,即,盐度为15、20时幼虫存活时间较长(达7 d),盐度为10、25～26、30、35时幼虫不投饵存活系数迅速下降;3)在盐度为15、20、25～26、30时,经过9 d的培育,幼虫体长从251.7μm生长至542.9～568.5μm,生长速度为60.3～63.2μm/d,其中生长速度最快的是在自然盐度(25～26)条件下,最慢的是在盐度30条件下.

本试验,在室内人工培育条件下研究了可口革囊星虫繁殖期亲体的怀卵量、 产卵量、 卵质及产卵规律.结果表明:可口革囊星虫野生群体的亲体平均体重为4.61 g,自然群体雌雄比例是均匀的.怀卵量随体重的增加而增加,但当个体体重达到一定的规格(≥5.0 g)时,其相对怀卵量反而下降.从2015年6月30日至9月22日,亲体持续产卵85 d,亲体的总产卵量为1673.0×104粒,其中,7月的产卵量为749.5×104粒,占全部产卵量的44.8％;8月的产卵量为699.5×104粒,占全部产卵量的41.8％;9月的产卵量为221.0×104粒,占全部产卵量的13.21％.7—8月的受精卵质量优于9月的受精卵质量.

为构建大黄鱼生态养殖模式,通过开展海带-大黄鱼间养试验,研究了该养殖模式下海带对大黄鱼网箱养殖区富营养化海水的生物修复效果.通过对生物修复区、 非生物修复区和非养殖区的连续定时和定点监测,结果表明间养海带对大黄鱼网箱养殖区的富营养化海水具有明显的修复作用.经过28 d的连续监测,生物修复区的溶解氧(DO)浓度明显高于非修复区,无机氮(IN)、 无机磷(IP)浓度均低于非修复区,同时生物修复区的化学耗氧量(COD)达到非养殖区的水平.因此,海带-大黄鱼的生态间养模式能有效降低富营养化水体中的IN和IP,并显著提高DO浓度,改善水质,这将为大黄鱼的健康生态养殖提供参考.

The effects of three plant growth regulators,indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) and kinetin(KT),with concentrations of 0.0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,6.0 and 10.0 mg · L-1 acting as the treatments in a single factorial comparative experiment,on the growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of free-living filaments in Pyropia haitanensis was studied.The results showed that compared to the control group low concentrations of IAA (0.5 ～ 4.0 mg · L-1) and KT (0.5 ～ 2.0 mg ·L-1) had apparent influences on the specific growth rate of filaments,and the most obvious effects were observed in 2.0 mg · L-1IAA and 1.0 mg · L-1KT group,whose algal biomass were 0.90 and 0.52 time higher than those of the control group after 25 d culture,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).However,the high concentrations of IAA and KT (6.0 ～10.0 mg · L-1) significantly inhibited the growth of filaments (P ＜0.05).After 25 d culture,compared to the control group,both 2.0 mg · L-1 IAA and 1.0 mg · L-1 KT significantly stimulated synthesis of Chlorophyll α (Chl a) and Carotenoids (Car),and the contents of Chl a increased by 23.7％ and 23.8％,respectively.While the contents of Car increased by 31.0％ and 28.6％,respectively (P ＜0.05).Whereas,high concentrations of IAA and KT (6.0 ～ 10.0 mg · L-1) significantly reduced the contents of Chl a,presenting as the treated concentration higher,the Chl a synthesis less.In additional,low concentrations of IAA (1.0 ～ 2.0 mg · L-1) treatmeat significantly increased the contents of Phycoerythrin (PE) and Phycocyanin (PC),which were highest in 2.0 mg · L-1 IAA group,and increased by 59.1％ and 45.7％,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,low concentrations of KT (0.5 ～2.0 mg ·L-1) resulted in massive synthesis of the PE and PC,which were the highest in 0.5 mg · L-1 KT group,and increased by 48.4％ and 50.5％,respectively (P ＜0.05).While high concentrations of IAA and KT (6.0 ～10.0 mg · L-1) significantly reduced the contents of PE and PC (P ＜0.05).But 2,4-D treatments had no apparent influence on the growth and synthesis of photosynthetic pigments.

In experimental cultures,the effects of intervally spraying 2 plant growth regulators (IAA and NAA)on the blade growth of Pyropia haitanensis during desiccation were compared.The results showed that,compared to the controlled group,both 2.0 and 1.0 mg/dm3 IAA group had significant effect promoting the growth of blades (p<0.05 ),and the blades treated with 2.0 mg/dm3 group had better growth than those of 1.0 mg/dm3 group,while the treatment of 10.0 mg/dm3 IAA inhibited the growth of blades significantly (p<0.05 ).After 25 days of cul-ture,the mean length of blades treated with 2.0 mg/dm3 IAA increased by 35.4%,and the contents of chlorophyll a,phycoerythrin and phycocyanin increased by 12.2%,39.9% and 29.1%,respectively.Furthermore,com-pared to the controlled group,both 1.5 and 1.0 mg/dm3 NAA treatments promoted the growth of blades significant-ly(p<0.05 ),and the blades in 1.5 mg/dm3 group grew better than those of 1.0 mg/dm3 group,but the 4.0 and 8.0 mg/dm3 NAA group presented significant inhibition effect (p<0.05 ).After 25 days of culture,the mean length of blades treated with 1.5 mg/dm3 NAA increased by 35.2%.Compared to the controlled group,lower con-centration of 0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/dm3 had no significant difference in chlorophyll a contents,but had higher contents of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin (p>0.05 ).Especially,1.5 mg/dm3 NAA group had higher contents of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin,which increased by 42.6% and 43.9%,than those of the controlled group,re-spectively.However,the contents of chlorophyll a,phycoerythrin and phycocyanin in 4.0 and 8.0 mg/dm3 NAA group were much lower than those of the controlled,particularly in 8.0 mg/dm3 NAA group (p<0.05 ).The re-sults indicated that spraying optimum concentration of IAA (2.0 mg/dm3 )and NAA (1.5 mg/dm3 )at the interval of desiccation would be benefit for promoting the blade growth of P.haitanensis.

为准确掌握海带(Saccharina japonica)循环制冷育苗过程水体的浮游植物群落结构变化特征,本研究于2014年9月下旬～11月中旬调查了福建省连江县官坞海产开发有限公司海带育苗车间循环水9个批次的浮游植物群落结构,对浮游植物种类组成、优势种和生态特征指数进行统计分析.结果显示,共鉴定浮游植物43种,隶属于5门31属,以硅藻门出现的种类数最多,达22属32种,占总种数的74.42％,其它为蓝藻门、甲藻门、裸藻门和绿藻门.在整个育苗期间,第一优势种始终为奇异棍形藻(Bacillaria paradoxa),第二优势种为佛氏海毛藻(Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii)和新月细柱藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)交替,优势种组成较简单,变化不明显,单一种优势地位显著.海带幼苗生长期1～8d阶段的水体浮游植物种类较多,多样性指数、均匀度和丰富度分别达到3.191～3.225、0.765～0.806和1.324 ～1.500,然而在生长期15 ～ 57 d阶段的水体浮游植物种类数降低,多样性指数为1.172～ 1.818,均匀度为0.370 ～0.570,丰富度为0.485 ～0.841,生态特征指标变化幅度较小,多样性水平相对较低,群落结构不匀称,较适合海带幼苗的生长.

The temperature and salinity tolerances on the earliest pelagospheric larvae of peanut worn Sipunculus nudus were conducted in this study. The results showed that the earliest pelagospheric larvae could normally develop at the temperature range of 22-38 ℃,within S=32 ‰,24 hours,and the critical upper and lower limit temperature were 39 ℃ and 1 ℃,respectively. While there was a more wide salinity range of 17～47 ‰ that the earliest pelagospheric larvae could keep alive,within T=26～27℃,48 hours,meanwhile under the optimum salinity range of 24～36 ‰ the earliest pelagospheric larvae could normally develop and swim in middle and upper water with phototaxis and aggregation,also grow faster than other experimental groups. The critical upper and lower limit salinity were 50 ‰ and 14 ‰,within T=26～27℃,respectively. The results revealed that the earliest pelagospheric larvae of Sipunculus nudus were more sensitive to the lower salinity,while were able to suffer a higher salinity and a lower temperature.

Experiments on growth of Codium fragile were conducted to reveal the relationship among growth,temperature and illumination intensity.The result showed that Codium thalli were capable of survival and growth in a wide temperature range.Growth rate increased as temperature increased up to 25°C,while reduced at temperature of 25-30°C.The need of light intensity for C.fragile has obvious difference in different development stages.During the previous stage of cultivation(Stage I),the greatest growth rate occurred at 0.5 m depth(0.067±0.008 cm·d-1),during the middle stage of cultivation(Stage II),the greatest growth rate occurred at a depth of 1.5 m(0.144±0.010 cm·d-1).For the whole stage of the cultivation,yield and average growth rate achieved the greatest at 1 m depth(0.256±0.027 cm·d-1).

To study the efficacity of space-induced towards the Artemia sinica spawn and select individuals with big genetic differences to propagate,this paper collect totally 59 space-induced and control Artemia sinic to carry out the genetic diversity inspection and relative's analyses using four sets of AFLP selective primers for amplification.Each pair of primers all get one clear amplification chart,there are 222 distinctive and reproducible fingerprints produced,among which 189 loci were polymorphic with the proportion of 85.1 %,The UPGMA and NJ phylogeny tree shows there are two clusters,one is M5 space-induced alone,the other is the rest individuals who cluster across each other with no big differences between the space-induced and the control Artemia sinica.Thus the present study demonstrates that the Artemia sinica used in this study have a high genetic diversity and will be useful in selective breeding,but the genetic variations between the space-induced and the control Artemia sinica may be mostly depending on the individual differences.

To explore the possibility of applying AFLP technology in analyzing genetic diversity of irradiated indivi-duals,the AFLP fingerprinting of space-induced and control Artemia sinica were compared using 4 sets of selective primers for amplification.The genetic similarity coefficient was calculated by Nei's matching coefficient method with designed computer program,and the correspondingly average genetic distance(D) was calculated by Lynch's method to evaluate genetic structure.Amplification produced 384 distinctive and reproducible fingerprints that va-ried in length from 50 to 1 500bp in experiments,most of those were shared by space-induced and control group.73 loci were polymorphic and the proportion was 19.0%.Genetic fingerprinting indicated low genetic variations between space-induced population and control population in genome,but some distinct genetic diversity could be found in two individuals of space-induced group.Thus the present study demonstrated that space induction which is one of approaches for aquaculture breeding might cause variance in gene.AFLP technology is not only applicable in gene-tic studies within a species but also can be used in studies of phylogenesis and genetic diversity in aquatic animals.

The results of ecological experiments on adult Sipunculus nudus reveal that within 48hours,its tolerances of both temperature and salinity vary from 0～40℃,6～57 respectively.Its optimal tolerance ranges are 16～34℃,21～42 respectively.Fluctuations in both temperatures and salinities have no direct impact on the worm when two of them are in optimal threshold.Two ranges,high and low,for temperature and salinity tolerances are given,in which the changes in low ones with t=0～16℃,S=6～21 have positive relationship with the tolerances of this sipunculid worm,and variations of high ones with t=36～40℃,S=45～60 showing reverse relationship.In these two ranges,the worm is subject to variations in these two ranges,high or low,displaying abnormal physiological responses.High thermal threshold is 42℃ for the worm's mortality at a salinity of 32,and the high and low salinity thresholds are 60 and 3 respectively at a temperature of 26℃.Qualitative description and quantitative definition of relationships between the changes in both temperature and salinity and physiological responses and survival rates of the worm have profound implications in terms of its ecological theory and production practice.

In our study we compared the biochemical composition of space-treated Moina monglica with the control group on the earth.The results showed that the content of vitamin C was lower,the content of Carbohydrate was as low as 2.5 times compared and protein content was slightly higher in the space-treated group compared with the control group.Though the composition of fatty acid remained unchanged the proportion had been altered.For example,the necessary fatty acid of DHA in the space-treated group was comparatively higher than the control group and the content of EPA in the space-treated group was 1.2% higher.All results showed that the polyunsaturated fatty acid in the space-treated Moina monglica met fully the need in each development stage of the animal of all necessary fatty acids.The experiment suggests that the space-treated technology has extensive application in aquaculture.

The mutated Artemia eggs of two different strains with outer space exposure were compared with the control ones on the Earth respectively,in terms of incubation time,hatchability,growth rate,survival rate and fecundity.The results indicated that the domestic Artemia after space exposure had a significantly shorter incubation time than the control except for the other 4 parameters.There was no noticeable difference in both incubation time and survival rate between the American Artemia,and the exposured had a much higher hatching rate and better fecundity with lower growth rate.It was concluded that there was significant difference in growth and development between the space-exposed Artemia and the control groups.The mutations showed with a random pattern of no specific direction.

Induced polyploidy has been identified for yellow croaker P.crocea at various developmental stages and with various tissues during 2001～2004.Ploidy levels from eyed embryos were determined by chromosome counts.Ploidy analyses of fish juveniles and adults were implemented using flow cytometry.The results indicated that chromosomal number of diploid embryos was 48 as 72 being triploids.For fish juveniles and adults,ploidy levels were detected by comparing DNA relative content of known diploid individuals with those of unknown ploidy levels,of which the individuals with as 1.5 fold DNA content as the control were identified as triploids and the same content as diploids.Ploidy levels of the individuals could be investigated using either muscle or tail fin tissues.

As some problems such as long nursery period,availability of live food etc arose in indoor production of Hapalogenys nitens juveniles.In 2001～2002,we conducted experiments to study the breeding techniques of Hapalogenys nitens juveniles in outdoor tanks by simulating nature ecosystem.The results were given as follows: put 6 and 2 species of live food into the 1# experiment tank and 2# comparison tank.In 2001,in 1# and 2# tank,55,500 and 30,300 juveniles were produced after 108 days,they averaged 31mmTL and 29mmTL;0.9gBW and 0.75gBW;The survival rates were 18.5% and 10.1 %.In 2002,after 60 days nursery,49,800 and 27,600 juveniles were produced averaging 36.7mmTL and 30.8mmTL;1.48gBW and 0.95gBW,survival rates were 16.6% and 9.2%.The results indicated that the survival rate,total length,body weight of juveniles in 1#tank were better than that in 2#tank obviously,it is beneficial for multiformity of live foods,feeding and nutrition of larval,it's also helpful for fly growth and advance the survival rate.

Gracilaria tsengiana and Porphyra haitanensis was sent into space by satellite to induce some mutations.Random am- plified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was employed to detect the genetic variation of their genome DNA.Amplification with 16 random primers Gracilaria tsengiana produced 93 distinctive and reproducible fingerprints,31 of which were polymorphic and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 33%;Porphyra haitanensis produced 84 distinctive and reproducible fingerprints,19 of which were polymorphic and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 22.6%;all of these fragments were varying in length from 150-2500bp.The genetic similarity coefficient was calculated by Nei's matching coefficient method with designed computer pro- gram,and the correspondingly average genetic distance (D) was also calculated by Lynch's method to evaluate genetic struc- ture.All these calculated data had indicated low genetic variations between space-induced populations and normal populations in genome,but some mutations in certain loci.Our research had proved that space induction might cause variance in gene that might be one of the approaches of aquaculture breeding.

Hatching rates and deforming rate of fertilizer eggs of Nibea diacanthus are compared and survival activity index(Is,a) of newly hatched larvae are determined under a gradient of different salinities. The results show that fertilizer eggs hatch in a gradient of 15.0 to 43.0 and 31.0 to 35.0 as the optimal range. As the salinity exceeds 35.0, hatching rates decrease and deforming rates of larvae go up with the increase of salinity. When the salinity falls below 27.0,hatching rates decline and larvae’s deforming rates increase with the decrease of salinity. Is,a of larvae is from 4.42 to 7.13 at the salinities 15.0, 19.0,23.0,27.0,30.0 and 32.0 and from 1.67 to 4.48 at 35.0,39.0 and 43.0.A gradient of 35.0 to 39.0 has the most impact on Is,a of the larvae.

The effects of seawater salinity on survival activity index and growth of larvae and juvenile of Nibea diacanthus were studied.The results showed that under salinity 17.0,22.0,27.0 and 32.033.0,survival activity indices were 5.38,7.35,6.46 and 6.18 respectively for the larvae in 4 experimental groups;no significant differences occurred among them. After 25d of cultivation,the total length of the larvae in each group was averaged 18.819.2mm(P0.05) with higher survival rates at salinity 22.0 and 27.0. Under salinity 17.0,22.0,27.0 and 32.033.0,the mean survival rates was 36.0%,48.5%,46.7% and 39.2% respectively.

Artificial propagation and breeding of Nibea diacanthus were studied from 2002 to 2003. Mature brood fish could spawn injected with LRH-A and HCG, spawning rate was up to 55.6%～83.3%, rate of fertilization was 71.0%～87.1%, hatching rate 77.9%～89.3%. Larvae, juveniles and young fish grew rapidly at water temperature between 24.5～29℃ and salinity between 26～32. During the period of nursery, the management of water quality, the nutrient of food organisms,disease control and prevention were enhanced. There were 8 320 and 86 200 fries produced in 2002 and 2003, respectively.