The distribution and utilization status,yield,cultivation status and market demand of Rhizoma Neopicrorhizae were investigated.The results showed that the distribution scope of Rhizoma Neopicrorhizae,which has fewer contents,was degenerated to high altitudes.The market price of Rhizoma Neopicrorhizae was on rise every year.The effective conservative measure was also lacking.It was suggested that we should reinforce its protection and go further into its study on the aspect of cultivation.