[目的]系统调查、收集和评价广西果树种质资源,为我国果树种质资源保护与创新利用提供科学依据.[方法]以野外调查、原产地和室内鉴定分析相结合的方法,对收集的果树种质资源进行评价,以筛选优异单株并妥善安全保存.[结果]从广西101个县级行政区共收集到果树种质资源2338份,其中荔枝资源149份,龙眼及其近缘资源39份,柑橘及其近缘资源269份,黄皮及其近缘资源146份、葡萄及其近缘资源255份、芒果及其近缘资源141份、猕猴桃及其近缘资源206份、火龙果资源88份、柿资源157份、桃资源40份、李资源48份、梨及其近缘资源74份、杨桃资源115份、枇杷资源5份、橄榄资源45份、苹婆及其近缘资源151份、菠萝蜜资源120份、木奶果资源132份和野生果树资源158份.所收集的果树资源隶属于21科38属86种.通过对果树资源进行果实品质、特异性状或抗病性鉴定评价,筛选出具有代表性的优异种质25份.调查发现,桂西南地区有龙眼野生资源及假苹婆、粉苹婆和香苹婆等苹婆近缘野生种分布,进一步明确桂西南地区是龙眼和苹婆的起源地之一.[结论]广西果树种质资源分布范围广、资源蕴藏量丰富,除栽培种类外,还有砧木资源、近缘植物资源,以及有待开发的野生果树资源.同一种类的不同资源个体间性状差异较明显,其中不乏综合性状优良或具有某些优异性状的种质,可为开展优良单株筛选和实生选种提供物质基础.果树种质资源调查、收集与评价是一项长期性的研究工作,多单位、多团队联合开展调查和合作研究有利于扩大调查范围,提高资源调查效率,促进资源共享和新品种选育.

In this study, the change of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein, free amino acid, N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenosine, Indolylacetic acid (IAA), Abscisic acid (ABA) and Gibrellic acid (GA) during the process of flower formation were studied. Single-factor randomized block design was applied. An area with only a single plant was assigned for the tests. Treatment: When the leaves of the second summer shoots were light green and the buds were not elongated, 500 mg/L of paclobutrazol (PP333) and 126.9 mg/L of ethephon was sprayed to the outer surface of the crown. After 7 days, the mixture of 250 mg/L PP333 and 126.9 mg/L of ethephon were sprayed onto the leaves. The spray was applied evenly as a mist to the plant until the formation of droplets was collected on the outer leaf layers. Water was sprayed onto the leaves in the control group. Study showed that 100% of plants treated flowered and 98.4% of shoots on each plant carried flower panicles. PP333 and ethephon increased the content of IPA and ABA. It reduced the GA content in leaves. High level of IPA and low level GA, high level of IAA and ABA improved the flower bud differentiation. During flowering process of Sijimi, higher level of carbohydrate benefited flower formation. The high ratio of C/N in leaves benefited flowering.

探讨60Co-γ射线对荔枝枝条的辐射嫁接影响,为荔枝辐射育种提供参考.利用60Co-γ射线对草莓荔、桂味、贵妃红、妃子笑、糯米糍、鸡嘴荔6个荔枝品种的枝条进行辐射处理后嫁接,对其辐射效应进行初步研究.结果表明:辐射处理降低了荔枝的嫁接成活率,桂味、妃子笑2个品种受辐射处理的影响最大,6个品种的半致死剂量在20～40 Gy之间;处理后枝条长度的变异系数最大,其次是枝条的梢次,变异系数都在47％以上;平均叶面积、叶片宽度和长度分别比对照高75.64％、31.41％、22.45％.在该试验的辐射剂量范围内,辐射处理均引起不同程度的性状变异,而且与对照差异显著,表明辐射诱变在荔枝品种改良过程中有重要的应用价值.

【Objective】Variety improvement of Heiye litchi by top grafting was conducted to provide the best scion combination for litchi quality improvement and growth period adjustment in Guangxi. 【Method】Heavily retroactive pruned13 years old Heiye Litchi tree,12 litchi varieties such as Feizixiao, Guifeihong and Caomeili were top grafting.Survival rate, growth and yield after top grafting were compared and analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that the highest rate of graft living was Feizixiao(86.6%),then Guihuaxiang(74.6%)and Guifeihong(71.3%),and the lowest wasYingshanhong(17.1%)and Jizhuili(26.1%). Guiwei,Wuheli,Qinzhouhongli and Heli appear swelled in grafting position, grew weakly with yellow leaf blade and had no yield. Eight varieties, Guifeihong, Caomeili, Guinuo,Yingshanhong,Jizuili,Feizixiao and Mili, grew and produced fruit normally. The average yield per plant grafting after 4 years was around 15.0 to 49.5 kg. The highest was Feizixiao(49.5 kg)and the yield of Guifeihong was 40.6 kg.【Conclusion】With Guiluo, Yingshanhong, Guihuaxiang and Mili as scion grafted onto the intermediate stock ofHeiye,the affinity is good, hence they are the optimal scion combination.

Most of the southern paddy fields currently use continuous cropping system, and pesticides are abused, which caused unfavorable factors on farmland ecology environmental. The field trial was product to discuss crop rotation with good ecological role on reducing disease, pests and weeds, according to the 14 years field location experiments. The results show that paddy field rotation in some extent can reduce disease, pests and weeds. The early maturing rice sheath blight with rotation treatment is 10% lower than continuous cropping treatment on average, the disease index is 0.4% lower? the late maturing rice sheath blight with rotation treatment is 17.7% lower than continuous cropping treatment on average, the disease index is 13.3% lower. The disease incidence and disease index of rice false smut with rotation treatment are lower than continuous cropping treatment. The pests with rotation treatment is much lighter than continuous cropping treatment, the white leaf rates of rice with rotation treatment by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Chilo suppressalis are lower than continuous cropping treatment. From the point of view of the growth of weeds, the rotation treatment is weaker than continuous cropping treatment.

In order to explore the ecological adaptability and feasibility of'Hengxing 401'in Jiangxi hilly dryland,this experiment studied the maize yield and plant characteristics by comparing'Hengxing 401'to the local maize variety.The results showed that'Hengxing 401'was better than the local maize variety in maize yield,plant height,content of chlorophyll and blade number in addition to 100-grain weight.Root dry weight for the local maize variety was significantly higher than'Hengxing 401'.It could be seen'Hengxing 401' planted in Jiangxi was able to achieve higher yields and better economic benefits,but lodging resistance was weak.Due to the climate the difference of root had little influence on'Hengxing 401'.So the cultivation was suitable to promote in Jiangxi hilly dryland.

为探讨冬季种植绿肥作物改良土壤的生态作用,以冬闲连作为对照,通过连续8年的定位试验研究了冬种绿肥（紫云英、油菜和黑麦草）收获后翻压还田对后作水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:连续8年冬种绿肥期间,冬种绿肥各处理的水稻平均产量均高于冬闲对照,但不同处理增产效果有所不同,其中紫云英早稻晚稻处理增产效果最明显,为10.48%,其次是油菜早稻晚稻处理（7.31%）,黑麦草早稻晚稻处理的增产效果较差,仅为5.76%。紫云英早稻晚稻处理的土壤pH和碱解氮含量最高,与其他处理相比,pH增加0.58%～1.37%,碱解氮增加6.59%～35.35%。黑麦草早稻晚稻处理的土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量和C/N在各处理中最高,分别较其他处理高2.99%～4.98%、19.25%～31.05%、16.97%～22.15%和0.97%～6.61%。相关性分析结果表明,水稻产量与每穗颖花数、结实率、千粒重及土壤碱解氮、有效磷极显著相关（P＜0.01）,与每穗粒数、有机质、速效钾显著相关（P＜0.05）,而与穗长、有效穗数及土壤pH和C/N相关不显著;水稻产量各构成要素与土壤养分之间的关系极为密切。综合来看,稻田冬种绿肥有利于增加水稻产量和改善土壤肥力。

To reduce the seed weight and improve the quality of litchi cultivar heiye,MH(maleic hydrazide)as well as some other plant growth regulators were used to induce the stenospermocarpy in litchi.Results showed that the ratio of stenospermocarpy was increased with the increasing of MH concentration,but too much MH could lead to serious fruit drop.The most suitable concentration of MH in inducing the stenospermocarpy of litchi cultivar heiye was 800 mg·g-1.The problems of serious fruit drop could be overcomed by spraying of MH with other plant growth regulators.In this study,MH 800 mg·g-1+2,4-D 5 mg·g-1 was the best treatment in inducing the stenospermocarpy in litchi cultivar heiye.The weight of seeds was reduced more than 20% and the ratio of stenospermocarpy got to 8.79% in this treatment.It could significantly improve the processing quality and would have great application prospects.

This experiment is set different sowing periods to observe the maize yield and plant characteristics in order to explore the ecological adaptability of ' Hengxing 401 ' on Paddy Field in Jiangxi.The results of this test showed that,when the seed of ' Hengxing 401 ' was sown in July 25 th,its yield,plant height and dry matter weight was the best performance,and significantly different with other treatments.In addition the dry matter weight had extremely significant difference with the others.The content of chlorophyll was the highest sown in July 15 th,except had not significant difference with sown in August 5 th,but had extremely significant difference with the other two.In addition the blade number of different sowing periods was little impact.Therefore,the breeding of ' Hengxing 401 ' was properly cultivated during July 15 th-25 th in Jiangxi or the other southern regions.

The actin cytoskeleton is involved in numerous cellular processes including cell division,cell shape maintenance.The organization of the actin network is modulated by actin-binding proteins.Among the actin-binding proteins,fimbrin is an important regulator in actin polymerization and depolymerization.In this study,Ntfimbrin-ABD1 cDNA was successfully cloned through polymerase chain reaction.In order to investigate the interaction between Ntfimbrin-ABD1 domain and actin,pET28a-Fimbrin-ABD1 recombinant expression vector was constructed.Subsequently,the fusion proteins were expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli.The inclusion bodies were denatured and renatured,then the fusion proteins were purified by Ni-NTA argarose affinity column.The recombinant NtFimbrin-ABD1 proteins were confirmed to have the ability to interact with actin.All these results provide the basis for further study on Ntfimbrin-ABD1 function.

凯特杧属大果型迟熟杧果品种,在广西田阳县成熟期为8月上旬,单果重约700g,销路好,经济价值较高.不套袋果实在树上容易遭受机械损伤,出现疤痕、流胶和污染等,致使商品价值低.近年来有不少关于杧果套袋的试验研究[1、2],但未见凯特杧果实套袋研究报道.为此,笔者进行了本试验.