大红柑是鲜食加工兼用品种,果皮为最正宗的陈皮原料.近10年来,广西南部大红柑产业经历低谷后逐渐转强,种植面积现已达到约2000 hm2,丰产期1 hm2果品产量可达50000 kg左右,产值达150 000元.用大红柑制作陈皮和陈皮茶等加工业延伸产业链和附加值,社会和经济效益显著.同时,苗木安全、柑橘黄龙病风险、栽培管理、加工工艺、企业品牌等弱项制约行业发展.

【Objective】Variety improvement of Heiye litchi by top grafting was conducted to provide the best scion combination for litchi quality improvement and growth period adjustment in Guangxi. 【Method】Heavily retroactive pruned13 years old Heiye Litchi tree,12 litchi varieties such as Feizixiao, Guifeihong and Caomeili were top grafting.Survival rate, growth and yield after top grafting were compared and analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that the highest rate of graft living was Feizixiao(86.6%),then Guihuaxiang(74.6%)and Guifeihong(71.3%),and the lowest wasYingshanhong(17.1%)and Jizhuili(26.1%). Guiwei,Wuheli,Qinzhouhongli and Heli appear swelled in grafting position, grew weakly with yellow leaf blade and had no yield. Eight varieties, Guifeihong, Caomeili, Guinuo,Yingshanhong,Jizuili,Feizixiao and Mili, grew and produced fruit normally. The average yield per plant grafting after 4 years was around 15.0 to 49.5 kg. The highest was Feizixiao(49.5 kg)and the yield of Guifeihong was 40.6 kg.【Conclusion】With Guiluo, Yingshanhong, Guihuaxiang and Mili as scion grafted onto the intermediate stock ofHeiye,the affinity is good, hence they are the optimal scion combination.

‘Bei Tonghong’is a new litchi cultivar that selected from individual variability in Guangxi. The average single fruit weight is 31.6 g,the esculent rate is 75.8%,the small seed rate is 26.7%,and the soluble solids content is 18.1%. The flesh is crisp,and has good quality with a thick sweet taste and rich aroma.

Phonapate fimbriata Lesne was found to be a new pest for litchi in China in April,2012.It mainly caused damage to the forest,fruit trees and wood.The distribution,morphology,damage and management were reviewed in this paper,and the morphological figures of the male and female beetles were presented in detail.The paper would become the basis of the further identificatiion,surveillance,and management for that beetle in China.

The conifer auger beetle black borer Sinoxylon conigerum Gerstacker was one of a quarantine pests in the genera Sinoxylon(no native species) of entrance-exit in China.It mainly caused damage to the wood and relative products,forest,and fruit trees.This pest was recorded and found to infest in the litchi orchard for the first time in China in this paper.The distribution,morphology,host range and economic value,biology,spread,management,and potential threaten to China were reviewed and analysed.The risk level of the beetle was high for China.The morphological figures of adult beetles were presented.The paper would become the basis of the further identificatiion,quarantine,surveillance,and management for that pest in China.

阐述了迟熟蕉柑在桂林的种植表现,并从培育壮苗、科学施肥、间种豆科绿肥、合理疏芽、修剪、合理疏果、病虫害防治等方面介绍了其栽培技术,以供种植户参考.

我国荔枝主产区大多数果园在上世纪80年代中期至90年代中期建园,树龄多在10 a生以上,树冠高大、密闭,形成了外密内空的树冠结构,造成荔枝产量低、品质差,同时给栽培管理作业带来困难.目前生产上对荔枝密闭树多采用"重回缩"等露骨更新修剪方法,虽然有利于培养矮化、紧凑的树冠结构,但对树体损伤较大,甚至出现死树的现象,树体恢复生长慢,前期产量低."开天窗"修剪技术克服"重回缩"修剪的缺点,不仅能改造树形,改善树冠光照条件,且能保持产量稳定增长,操作方法简便,易为广大果农所接受,有较大的推广应用前景,现将其技术总结如下.

随着杧果树龄增大,树高、冠幅逐渐扩大,枝梢分枝级数加大,容易引起结果部位过快外移,树冠中下部枝条的芽体成为隐芽而出现树冠上密下空、外密内疏的现象[1];杧果树往往主枝数量过多,进入盛果期后冠内枝梢密度过大,通风透光差,致使产量下降,果实外观和品质变差[2];杧果不修剪时树体高耸,枝叶交叉,树冠管理极难进行[3].

<正>荔枝是亚热带名优水果,也是广西的主栽水果,全区栽培面积约为23万hm2,其产量高低、品质好坏对广西经济发展和农民收入影响很大。

近年来,随着荔枝面积、产量的不断增加,荔枝市场已从卖方市场转向买方市场,卖果难问题日益严重.如何解决当前我国荔枝出路问题,众说纷纭.归纳起来,普遍认为当前我国荔枝存在的问题主要是:品种结构不合理,熟期集中,销售压力大,保鲜、贮运技术落后,加工量少等等,从而提出了相应的发展对策.本文以广西钦州荔枝,特别是以量大集中的黑叶品种为例,侧重分析2004年和2007年两个荔枝生产大年市场流通情况,重点从市场流通环节分析当前荔枝发展形势,并提出今后发展的一些思路.

Different treatments were used to promote the healing of the band-girdling wound in litchi trees. The results show that different promoting methods have evident effects to the wound healing. The callus formation treated by yellow mud can heal up in a shorter time. There are not significant difference among the other treatments.

Complete,2/3 and no cutting (CK) of last immature top of Litchi chinenesis Sonn cv. Feizixiao were conducted in the experiment. The results showed that the cutting treatment effectively promoted the flower formation and fruit setting. The rate of flower formation and average fruit setting per panicle of the complete cutting treatment was significant higher the 2/3 cutting treatments and CK,CK hardly had any flowers and fruits.

This paper studies the effect of temperature-in-bags on fruiting growth development and quality of fruit The result showed that the bagging treatment could not only increase the fruit retention rates and single fruit weight but also make the color evenly and have less pesticide pollution This was an important way of achieving high yield,high quality and producing green fruits

钦州市发展水果具有得天独厚的生态条件,改革开放以来,水果生产取得长足的发展,但在发展中也存在一些问题,为加快我市水果的发展,现对水果特点、问题及发展对策进行分析:

1993年在广西钦州市钦北区新棠镇"黑叶"荔枝实生树中发现特大果形、果皮鲜红且丰产稳产的优良单株.经过近10年选优、品比鉴定、繁殖育苗和示范推广,选育出适应性强、早结丰产、果形特大且品质优的荔枝新品种,2001年2月通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定并命名为"钦州红荔".

‘钦州红荔’是‘黑叶’荔枝的实生变异后代。早实丰产，大果型，果皮鲜红色，肉质脆，味清甜，品质优，焦核率 36.15%。

The strain selection, biology characteristics and cultural practices of Qinzhou red litchi are briefly described in this paper.

在广西钦州市钦北区新棠镇进行田间试验,观测"钦州红荔"株系和"黑叶"、"香荔"品种单株的植株形态和果实性状表现,采集营养梢老熟叶片进行过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶分析.结果表明:"钦州红荔"植株形态和果实性状保留有"黑叶"和"香荔"品种单株的一些特性,该株系早结丰产、果形特大、果皮鲜红色、品质优.叶片POD同工酶分析,它们具有相似遗传基础、迁移率(Rf)为0.33和0.54的2条特征酶带,初步鉴定认为"钦州红荔"株系是"黑叶"和"香荔"单株的自然杂交实生优良后代.