Aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), are among the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens and remain a major food-borne hazard in parts of Asia and Africa. China has generated a uniquely cohesive body of evidence connecting aflatoxin contamination to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in settings where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly prevalent and acts synergistically with aflatoxin exposure. Over five decades, field investigations and laboratory innovations—exemplified by long-term work in Qidong—have assembled a multi-layered causal chain spanning the following: (i) contamination monitoring in staple foods; (ii) quantification of internal dose and biologically effective dose using validated biomarkers (e.g., urinary AFB1–N7–guanine, AFM1, and serum AFB1–lysine albumin adducts); (iii) a characteristic molecular fingerprint in tumors and circulation (TP53 R249S); (iv) reversibility demonstrated through randomized intervention trials and policy-driven natural experiments. Chemoprevention and dietary interception studies (e.g., oltipraz, chlorophyllin, and broccoli sprout beverages) showed that enhancing detoxication pathways can lower biomarker burdens in exposed populations. At the population level, a sustained dietary transition from maize to rice, together with strengthened food governance, was accompanied by marked decreases in biomarker distributions and subsequent declines in HCC mortality in endemic regions. Nevertheless, regional heterogeneity, multi-mycotoxin co-exposure, and climate variability are expected to increase exposure volatility and complicate surveillance. Here, we translate and synthesize the Chinese evidence base, highlight biomarker-enabled monitoring and policy evaluation, and propose an integrated “5+1” prevention framework spanning source control, process detoxification, tiered governance, short-course interception, precision follow-up of high-risk individuals, and climate-sensitive early warning along the climate–agriculture–storage–processing–population (CAT–CSPP) chain.

BACKGROUND:The management and outcomes of liver cancer in China have not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the management and prognosis of patients with liver cancer in China through a comprehensive multicenter analysis and to compare these findings with data from the United States (US). METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 13 hospitals across 10 provinces in China, covering patients diagnosed with primary liver cancer between January 2016 and December 2017. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, stage at diagnosis, and first-line treatment. Patients' survival outcomes were tracked using active and passive follow-up methods until December 2023. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify prognostic factors. We further compared treatment patterns and prognoses of liver cancer patients between 13 hospitals in China and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cohort in the US. RESULTS:A total of 4951 patients with liver cancer from China and 18,365 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cohort were analyzed. In the Chinese cohort, commonly used treatments, ranked from highest to lowest, were surgery (37.3%, 1821/4879), interventional therapy (32.1%, 1570/4898), chemotherapy (17.4%, 850/4877), radiofrequency ablation (6.9%, 337/4872), radiotherapy (3.7%, 182/4890), and targeted therapy (2.6%, 127/4875). Surgery rates for patients with liver cancer in stages I to IV were 59.2% (309/522), 58.8% (443/753), 39.0% (328/841), and 18.6% (141/760), respectively. According to the stage at diagnosis, 5-year survival rates for patients in stages I to IV were 48.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44.0-52.6%), 37.8% (95% CI: 34.5-41.4%), 24.0% (95% CI: 21.3-27.0%), and 8.0% (95% CI: 6.2-10.1%), respectively. Compared with the US, China had higher surgery rates and stage-specific survival for patients with liver cancer across all stages. Data from both countries indicated a poor prognosis for liver cancer, with the stage at diagnosis and surgical intervention being key prognostic factors in both China and the US. CONCLUSION:The present findings underscore the urgent need for early diagnosis and curative treatment interventions such as surgery to enhance survival outcomes for patients with liver cancer.

The Qidong Liver Cancer Institute (QDLCI) and the Qidong Cancer Registry were established in 1972 with input from doctors, other medical practitioners, and non-medical investigators arriving from urban centers such as Shanghai and Nanjing. Medical teams were established to quantify the extent of primary liver cancer in Qidong, a corn-growing peninsula on the north side of the Yangtze River. High rates of liver cancer were documented and linked to several etiologic agents, including aflatoxins. Local corn, the primary dietary staple, was found to be consistently contaminated with high levels of aflatoxins, and bioassays using this corn established its carcinogenicity in ducks and rats. Observational studies noted a positive association between levels of aflatoxin in corn and incidence of liver cancer across townships. Biomarker studies measuring aflatoxin B1 and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 in biofluids reflected the exposures. Approaches to decontamination of corn from aflatoxins were also studied. In 1993, investigators from Johns Hopkins University were invited to visit the QDLCI to discuss chemoprevention studies in some townships. A series of placebo-controlled clinical trials were conducted using oltipraz (a repurposed drug), chlorophyllin (an over-the-counter drug), and beverages prepared from 3-day-old broccoli sprouts (rich in the precursor phytochemical for sulforaphane). Modulation of biomarkers of aflatoxin DNA and albumin adducts established proof of principle for the efficacy of these agents in enhancing aflatoxin detoxication. Serendipitously, by 2012, aflatoxin exposures quantified using biomarker measurements documented a many hundred-fold reduction. In turn, the Cancer Registry documents that the age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer is now 75% lower than that seen in the 1970s. This reduction is seen in Qidongese who have never received the hepatitis B vaccination. Aflatoxin mitigation driven by economic changes switched the dietary staple of contaminated corn to rice coupled with subsequent dietary diversity leading to lower aflatoxin exposures. This 50-year effort to understand the etiology of liver cancer in Qidong provides the strongest evidence for aflatoxin mitigation as a public health strategy for reducing liver cancer burden in exposed, high-risk populations. Also highlighted are the challenges and successes of international team science to solve pressing public health issues.

Purpose:To evaluate survival outcomes and identify prognostic factors among bladder cancer patients. Patients and Methods:A total of 488 bladder cancer patients admitted between 2007 and 2017 were followed until December 31, 2020, using both active and passive follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate observed survival (OS), with group comparisons performed using the Log rank test. Variables included sex, age group, number of hospital admissions, TNM stage, and geographic origin. Results:Of 488 patients, 485 (99.38%) were successfully followed. The majority were male (80.21%) with a mean age of 66.5 years. The average number of hospital admissions was 1.81. Overall 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates were 79.95%, 63.50%, 56.32%, and 45.54% for males, and 69.79%, 58.33%, 56.01%, and 56.01% for females, respectively (P = 0.697). Age significantly affected prognosis (P < 0.01), with 5-year OS declining from 66.67% (age ≤34) to 29.53% (≥80). Patients with ≥3 admissions had worse survival (44.87%) than those with one (61.93%) or two admissions (58.97%) (P < 0.01). TNM stage was strongly with survival: 5-year OS rates were 86.43% (Stage I), 55.48% (Stage II), 38.25% (Stage III), and 13.85% (Stage IV) (P < 0.01). Regional differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Advanced age and late-stage diagnosis were associated with poorer survival, while early-stage detection correlated with better outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of early screening, timely treatment, and comprehensive care strategies to improve bladder cancer survival, especially in resource-limited settings. Limitations include single-center design and absence of multivariate adjustment.

Primary liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma, remains a major global health challenge due to its multifactorial etiology, late-stage detection, and high mortality. This review proposes a precision prevention framework that (i) categorizes risk factors into biological (e.g., HBV/HCV, aflatoxins), environmental (e.g., air pollution, occupational/waterborne toxins), and host-related domains (e.g., obesity, diabetes, genetic susceptibility); and (ii) aligns interventions to three complementary strategies: elimination of dominant risk (HBV vaccination, aflatoxin control, alcohol/tobacco reduction), early warning and targeted management (life-course immunization, MAFLD screening and control, metformin in diabetics), and chemoprevention (e.g., oltipraz, chlorophyllin, sulforaphane). We further articulate “green” prevention as a scalable, diet-centered approach that can be tailored to risk tiers and local food systems. Advances in multi-omics, microbiome science, and AI-enabled risk models—together with cohort evidence from East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Western populations—support stratified surveillance and earlier interventions. Finally, we discuss generalizability and implementation challenges (regional dietary diversity, resource access) and outline pragmatic solutions to improve uptake across diverse settings.

The tumorigenicity of MDCK cell line is a major concern with respect to its safety for vaccine production, the effect of miRNAs on the tumorigenicity of MDCK cells is poorly understood. In this study, we performed miRNA-Seq on two MDCK cell lines with tumorigenic potential and their derived monoclonal cell lines that lack tumorigenicity. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs and conducted GO and KEGG pathway analyses of their target genes. Our results indicated that miR-2779-x and its target genes exhibited the most significant characteristics associated with tumorigenesis. Injection of live cells overexpressing miR-2779-x into nude mice resulted in a markedly reduced tumorigenesis rate (1/10). Overexpression of miR-2779-x significantly decreased the proliferation and migration capabilities of MDCK cells while enhancing their invasive potential. To identify and localize miR-2779-x target genes, we employed bioinformatics prediction, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence assays (IFA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and dual-luciferase reporter assays. We found that miR-2779-x negatively regulates the expression of PI3KR1 and Caspase 9 at both the gene and protein levels. Additionally, miR-2779-x co-localizes with PI3KR1 in the cytoplasm and directly targets the 3’UTR of PI3KR1. Overexpression of PI3KR1 in miR-2779-x-overexpressing cells restored cellular functions, leading to increased proliferation and migration but decreased invasion. Moreover, miR-2779-x modulates MDCK cell growth and tumorigenesis by influencing the expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT and apoptosis signaling pathways. We proposed the key pathways of miRNA involvement in MDCK cell tumorigenicity and initially revealed the function of miR-2779-x in MDCK cell tumorigenicity.

Liver cancer causes upwards of 1 million cancer deaths annually and is projected to rise by at least 55% over the next 15 years. Two of the major risk factors contributing to liver cancer have been well documented by multiple epidemiologic studies and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and aflatoxin show a synergy that increases by more than 8-fold the risk of liver cancer relative to HBV alone. Using the population-based cancer registry established by the Qidong Liver Cancer Institute in 1972 and aflatoxin-specific biomarkers, we document that reduction of aflatoxin exposure has likely contributed to a nearly 70% decline in age-standardized liver cancer incidence over the past 30 years despite an unchanging prevalence of HBV infection in cases. A natural experiment of economic reform in the 1980s drove a rapid switch from consumption of heavily contaminated corn to minimally, if any, contaminated rice and subsequent dietary diversity. Aflatoxin consumption appears to accelerate the time to liver cancer diagnosis; lowering exposure to this carcinogen adds years of life before a cancer diagnosis. Thus, in 1990 the median age of diagnosis was 48 years, while increasing to 67 years by 2021. These findings have important translational public health implications since up to 5 billion people worldwide might be routinely exposed to dietary aflatoxin, especially in societies using corn as the staple food. Interventions against aflatoxin are an achievable outcome leading to a reduction in liver cancer incidence and years of delay of its nearly always fatal diagnosis.

Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between the baseline systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Materials & methods: The relation between pretreatment SII and overall survival, disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, progression-free survival and recurrence-free survival in NSCLC patients was analyzed combined with hazard ratio and 95% CI. Results: The results showed that high SII was significantly correlated with overall survival and progression-free survival of NSCLC patients, but not with disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: The study suggests that a higher SII has association with worse prognosis in NSCLC patients.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022336270.

Objective To analyze the survival status of inpatients with cervical cancer registered in Nantong admitted in Nantong Cancer Hospital from 2002 to 2017. Methods Inpatients with cervical cancer in Nantong Cancer Hospital were followed up from 2017 until December 31, 2020 using active and passive methods to determine their survival outcome. The rate of follow-up loss was statistically analyzed by Chi-square test, the observed survival rate for each year was calculated using the life table, the survival curve was drawn with R language, and the survival rates of patients in different age groups and from different regions were compared with log-rank test (Mantel-Cox). Results A total of 5645 cervical cancer cases were registered. Among them, the survival outcome was recorded for 5512 cases. The success rate of follow-up was 97.64%, and the loss of follow-up rate was 2.36%. The average age of onset was 56.67±12.78 years. The median survival time was 6.54 years, and the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year observed survival rates were 91.50%, 76.95%, 60.99%, and 28.51%, respectively. Among the age groups, significant differences in survival rate were observed between the 15- and 60-year-old groups (χ2=7.469, P=0.006) and between the 15- and 80-year-old groups (χ2=36.317, P < 0.001). No significant difference in survival rate was found between patients from Haimen and Qidong (χ2=2.779, P=0.095) and between patients from Qidong and Tongzhou (χ2=0.515, P=0.473). Significant difference in survival rate was observed among other regions (P < 0.05). Conclusion In this study group, the survival rates of hospital-based patients with cervical cancer significantly differ among the age groups and regions of origin and significantly decreased with age. The high follow-up rate fully reflects the comprehensive effect of the treatment in Nantong Cancer Hospital for registered patients with cervical cancer in Nantong.

This review aims to synthesize the old issues and current understandings of the etiology of liver cancer, focusing on the diverse causative factors influenced by geographical, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variations across different regions. We highlight significant geographic disparities in liver cancer risk factors. While hepatitis B and C viruses, aflatoxin exposure, and alcohol consumption remain globally established contributors; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic syndromes are increasingly prominent in the West. Chronic HBV and aflatoxin continue to dominate as risk factors in Asia and Africa. Dietary factors, metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, genetic predispositions, environmental risk factors and lifestyle choices such as smoking and alcohol use play substantial roles in specific populations. Protective factors like coffee and tea consumption, along with aspirin use, vegetables and fruits have shown potential in reducing HCC risk, although findings vary by population and dietary habits. Liver cancer etiology is influenced by various factors that differ by region. Established risk factors include hepatitis B and C, aflatoxin, and alcohol. Emerging risks, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, are more prevalent in Western countries, while aflatoxin and HBV remains significant in Asia and Africa. Diet, metabolic conditions like diabetes and obesity, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle choices also play crucial roles. Coffee, tea, aspirin, vegetables, and fruits may reduce HCC risk, but effectiveness varies. Future research should integrate epidemiology, genetics, and nutrition, with global cooperation and data sharing essential for effective cancer control strategies.

[目的]分析1972-2016年启东市女性乳腺癌发病病例生存情况.[方法]女性乳腺癌资料来源于启东癌症登记报告系统,随访时间截至2021年12月31日.采用SURV3.01软件计算观察生存率(observed survival rate,OSR)和相对生存率(relative survival rate,RSR),利用Hakulinen氏似然比检验法进行统计检验.Joinpoint 4.7.0.0软件分析生存率年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC).采用SAS 9.2软件中的ARIMA模型进行乳腺癌生存率趋势预测.[结果]1972-2016年启东市女性乳腺癌1、5、10年OSR分别为86.90％、65.96％及55.61％,1、5、10 年 RSR 分别为 88.01％、70.54％及 64.40％;将 1972-2016 年分 9 个时期,5 年RSR从1972-1976年的56.89％升至2012-2016年的83.46％,RSR上升趋势差异有统计学意义(X2=337.47,P＜0.001).1972-2016 年 5 年 OSR 和 5 年 RSR 的 APC 分别为 121％和 1.17％,均呈明显上升趋势(P均＜0.05).其中,1996-2016年5年OSR的APC为1.91％,1995-2016年 5 年 RSR 的 APC 为 1.85％(P 均＜0.05).35～44 岁、45～54 岁、55～64 岁、65～74 岁和 75 岁及以上年龄组5年RSR分别为72.57％、73.11％、70.37％、67.79％和60.16％,各年龄组之间RSR差异有统计学意义(x2=184.52,P＜0.001).时间趋势分析显示,1972-2016年,35～44岁、45～54岁、55～64岁、65～74岁和75岁及以上年龄组5年RSR的APC分别为0.95％、0.88％、1.79％、2.04％和1.16％,除75岁及以上年龄组上升趋势差异无统计学意义(P--0.092),其余年龄组差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).乳腺癌生存率趋势预测结果显示,到2026年,5年OSR将升至88.38％,5年RSR将升至94.10％.[结论]45年来启东市女性乳腺癌总体生存率上升趋势明显,但仍有一定的上升空间,应当继续加强重视乳腺癌的早诊早治措施.

[目的]分析江苏省启东市1972-2021年全人群肝癌发病流行趋势.[方法]基于启东市癌症登记病例数据库,提取1972-2021年肝癌发病登记资料,结合相应人口资料,计算粗率(crude rate,CR)、中国人口 标化率(age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population,ASRC)、世界人口 标化率(age-standardized rate by world standard population,ASRW)、35～64 岁截缩率、0～74岁累积发病率、累积发病风险等.用Joinpoint 4.9.1.0软件进行Joinpoint回归分析,计算肝癌发病率年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)与平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC).[结果]启东市 1972-2021 年 50 年期间共计发生肝癌36 127例,占同期全部恶性肿瘤发病例数的24.49％;肝癌CR为64.41/10万,ASRC为35.76/10万,ASRW为46.74/10万,35～64岁截缩率为107.56/10万,0～74岁累积发病率为4.86％,肝癌累积发病风险为4.75％.ASRW男女性别比为3.21∶1.1972-2021年肝癌各年龄组发病率随年龄增加而不断升高.发病年龄由1972年的48.38岁上升至2021年的66.39岁,50年期间平均发病年龄为54.28岁.0～24岁、25～34岁、35～44岁、45～54岁及55～64岁各年龄组发病率的 AAPC 值依次为-5.22％(P＜0.001)、-4.06％(P--0.002)、-2.21％(P=0.015)、-1.43％(P=0.002)及-0.81％(P=0.013),下降趋势均有统计学意义.时间趋势结果显示1972-2021年男女合计、男性及女性CR的总体AAPC值分别为0.88％(P＜0.001)、0.65％(P＜0.001)及1.58％(P＜0.001),上升趋势均有统计学意义;ASRC的总体AAPC值分别为-1.81％(P＜0.001)、-2.00％(P＜0.001)及-1.48％(P＜0.001),下降趋势均有统计学意义.[结论]启东肝癌高发现场50年的防治工作已对总体标化发病率、65岁以下人群的肝癌发病率产生了影响,尤其以2008年后的CR的下降最为显著,启东肝癌防治效果较好.

Objective:This study aimed to provide a realistic observation of survival by major site for 48,866 cancer patients treated at a tertiary cancer hospital in a rural area of China. Methods:Patients with cancer registered between 2007 and 2017 in the Nantong rural area were followed up. The starting date for survival calculation was the date of the first diagnosis of cancer at the Nantong Tumor Hospital, and the closing date was December 31, 2020. Observed survival (OS) was analyzed according to ICD-10 site, sex, age, region, and hospitalization period using the life table method and compared using the Wilcoxon (Gehan) statistic. Results:The overall 5-year OS rate was 40.48% for all 48,866 patients, 30.19% for males, and 51.90% for females. The top five cancer sites, accounting for 60.51% of the total cases, were the esophagus, lung, stomach, liver, and cervix, with 5-year OS rates of 33.72%, 18.64%, 32.10%, 19.04%, and 71.51%, respectively. The highest 5-year OS was observed in the thyroid (87.52%) and the lowest was in the pancreas (6.37%). Survival was significantly higher in younger patients than in older patients, with 5-year OSs of 69.26% and 19.84% in those aged 20-29 and 90-99 years, respectively. Five-year OSs improved significantly from 39.35% in 2007-2011 to 41.26% in 2012-2017. Conclusion:Overall survival improved over the years, although the improvement at some sites was not significant. The observed survival varies from region to region, reflecting differences in the patterns of major sites, disparities in proportions of hospitalization, and demographic characteristics.

目的 了解1972-2016年启东市老年人群恶性肿瘤发病现状及时间趋势,为制定老年恶性肿瘤精准防控策略提供科学依据.方法 资料来源于启东癌症登记报告系统,提取1972-2016年≥60岁老年人群的恶性肿瘤发病数据.分别计算粗发病率,分时期、年龄别发病率以及世界人口标化率(世标率),采用Joinpoint 4.7.0.0软件计算发病率的年度变化百分比(APC)和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC).结果 1972-2016年启东市老年恶性肿瘤发病66 386例,粗发病率为854.48/10万(男性为1 157.26/10万,女性为603.10/10万),世标率为809.42/10万(男性为1 112.04/10万,女性为558.49/10万),男性粗发病率及世标率均高于女性(P＜0.05).发病率随年龄的增加而呈上升趋势,在75～79岁年龄组达到发病率高峰.1972-2016年,肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和食管癌是启东市老年人群发病常见肿瘤,约占全部老年恶性肿瘤发病的73.43％,肺癌和胃癌分别是老年男性和老年女性发病第1位的恶性肿瘤.1972-1986年与1987-2001年发病前3位恶性肿瘤均为胃癌、肺癌和肝癌,而到了 2002-2016年时,肺癌跃居发病第1位,肝癌升至第2位,胃癌退居第3位.1972-2016年启东市老年人总人群、男性和女性恶性肿瘤发病世标率均呈上升趋势,AAPC分别为1.39％、1.29％和1.48％(P＜0.01),其中以2002-2016年上升趋势尤为显著(总人群、男性和女性的APC分别为4.94％、4.34％、6.29％,P＜0.01).结论 启东市老年人群恶性肿瘤发病不断升高,尤以2002年以来增速明显,肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和食管癌为启东市老年人群发病常见恶性肿瘤.老年男性应是启东市老年恶性肿瘤防控重点人群.

Assessing personal exposure to environmental toxicants is a critical challenge for predicting disease risk. Previously, using human serum albumin (HSA)-based biomonitoring, we reported dosimetric relationships between adducts at HSA Cys34 and ambient air pollutant levels (Smith et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2021, 34, 1183). These results provided the foundation to explore modifications at other sites in HSA to reveal novel adducts of complex exposures. Thus, the Pan-Protein Adductomics (PPA) technology reported here is the next step toward an unbiased, comprehensive characterization of the HSA adductome. The PPA workflow requires <2 μL serum/plasma and uses nanoflow-liquid chromatography, gas-phase fractionation, and overlapping-window data-independent acquisition high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. PPA analysis of albumin from nonsmoking women exposed to high levels of air pollution uncovered 68 unique location-specific modifications (LSMs) across 21 HSA residues. While nearly half were located at Cys34 (33 LSMs), 35 were detected on other residues, including Lys, His, Tyr, Ser, Met, and Arg. HSA adduct relative abundances spanned a ∼400 000-fold range and included putative products of exogenous (SO2, benzene, phycoerythrobilin) and endogenous (oxidation, lipid peroxidation, glycation, carbamylation) origin, as well as 24 modifications without annotations. PPA quantification revealed statistically significant changes in LSM levels across the 84 days of monitoring (∼3 HSA lifetimes) in the following putative adducts: Cys34 trioxidation, β-methylthiolation, benzaldehyde, and benzene diol epoxide; Met329 oxidation; Arg145 dioxidation; and unannotated Cys34 and His146 adducts. Notably, the PPA workflow can be extended to any protein. Pan-Protein Adductomics is a novel and powerful strategy for untargeted global exploration of protein modifications.

[目的]分析江苏省南通市2010-2019年归因于吸烟的癌症死亡负担.[方法]利用南通市2010-2019年死因监测数据和人口数据,通过年龄别和性别的吸烟影响比(SIR)及12种与吸烟相关的癌症相对危险度(RR)来计算不同年龄组和性别的吸烟归因癌症死亡人群归因分值(PAF)与吸烟归因死亡数(SAM).[结果]2010-2019年南通市总人群SAM为62 556例,其中男性为50 223例,女性为12 333例.10年间归因于吸烟的癌症死亡率为51.80/10万,全人群及分性别归因于吸烟的癌症死亡率变化无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2010-2019年归因于吸烟的癌症死亡PAF为37.41％.75岁及以上年龄组归因于吸烟的死亡率及构成比均高于其他年龄组,且呈上升趋势.全部人群SAM构成比中,占比最高的癌症依次为肺癌(占56.91％)、食管癌(19.35％)、肝癌(10.58％)和胃癌(5.09％),PAF最高的癌症则依次为肺癌(73.21％)、鼻咽癌(53.50％)、食管癌(47.69％)、口腔癌(47.06％).[结论]南通市归因于吸烟的癌症死亡负担较重,应从政策引领、行为引导、科普宣传等方面强化控烟工作.

BackgroundCancer survival is an important indicator for evaluating cancer prognosis and cancer care outcomes. The incidence dates used in calculating survival differ between population-based registries and hospital-based registries. Studies examining the effects of the left truncation of incidence dates and delayed reporting on survival estimates are scarce in real-world applications.MethodsCancer cases hospitalized at Nantong Tumor Hospital during the years 2002–2017 were traced with their records registered in the Qidong Cancer Registry. Survival was calculated using the life table method for cancer patients with the first visit dates recorded in the hospital-based cancer registry (HBR) as the diagnosis date (OSH), those with the registered dates of population-based cancer (PBR) registered as the incidence date (OSP), and those with corrected dates when the delayed report dates were calibrated (OSC).ResultsAmong 2,636 cases, 1,307 had incidence dates registered in PBR prior to the diagnosis dates of the first hospitalization registered in HBR, while 667 cases with incidence dates registered in PBR were later than the diagnosis dates registered in HBR. The 5-year OSH, OSP, and OSC were 36.1%, 37.4%, and 39.0%, respectively. The “lost” proportion of 5-year survival due to the left truncation for HBR data was estimated to be between 3.5% and 7.4%, and the “delayed-report” proportion of 5-year survival for PBR data was found to be 4.1%.ConclusionLeft truncation of survival in HBR cases was demonstrated. The pseudo-left truncation in PBR should be reduced by controlling delayed reporting and maximizing completeness. Our study provides practical references and suggestions for evaluating the survival of cancer patients with HBR and PBR.

Supplementary Tables from Bioavailability of Sulforaphane from Two Broccoli Sprout Beverages: Results of a Short-term, Cross-over Clinical Trial in Qidong, China

目的:对江苏省启东市近40 年全人群卵巢癌发病病例进行生存率分析,为预后评价及防治提供依据.方法:基于启东市癌症登记病例资料,采用SURV3.01 软件中Hakulinen方法一计算观察生存率(observed survival rate,OS)和相对生存率(relative survival rate,RS),应用Hakulinen氏似然比检验法进行统计学检验.年龄标化RS采用国际癌症生存标准年龄结构(International Cancer Survival Standard,ICSS)进行标化.用Join-point 4.7.0.0 软件进行 Joinpoint回归分析,计算卵巢癌生存率年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC).结果:启东市卵巢癌1-RS从 1977-1981 年的 31.02％上升至 2012-2016 年的 78.81％,3-RS从1977-1981 年的18.50％上升至2012-2016 年的57.91％,5-RS从1977-1981 年的19.47％上升至2012-2016 年的49.54％.统计检验显示,RS的总体上升趋势有统计学意义(χ2 =56.09,P<0.001).经年龄标化后1-RS从1977-1981 年的35.35％上升至2012-2016 年的65.96％,3-RS从1977-1981 年的20.59％上升至2012-2016 年的45.27％,5-RS从1977-1981 年的24.61％上升至2012-2016 年的38.66％.15～24岁、25～34 岁、35～44 岁、45～54 岁、55～64 岁、65～74 岁和 75 岁及以上各年龄组的5年RS分别为 47.71％、43.03％、52.66％、49.35％、33.77％、34.48％和24.24％,各年龄组之间RS差异有统计学意义(χ2 =61.00,P<0.001).1977-2016 年分8 个时段的1-OS、3-OS及5-OS 的 APC 值分别为 1.57％(t =4.189,P = 0.006)、2.19％(t=6.142,P=0.001)、1.63％(t=3.170,P =0.019),1-RS、3-RS及 5-RS的APC值分别为1.57％(t=4.230,P=0.005)、2.18％(t=6.389,P=0.001)、1.61％(t=3.304,P=0.016),标化后1-RS、3-RS及5-RS的APC值分别为1.52％(t =6.770,P =0.001)、1.99％(t = 4.761,P = 0.003)、1.31％(t=2.481,P=0.048),上升趋势均有统计学意义.结论:近40 年来启东地区卵巢癌生存率得到一定的提升,但仍有上升空间,应当继续重视卵巢癌的诊治.

Supplemental Tables 1-4. 1. Supplemental Table 1: The raw and age-standardized cancer incidence rates of two big cities (Beijing and Shanghai) and two rural areas (Qidong and Linzhou) during 1988 - 2009. 2. Supplemental Table 2: The breast cancer incidence rates of two big cities (Beijing and Shanghai) and two rural areas (Qidong and Linzhou) during the period of 1988-2009. 3. Supplemental Table 3: The incidence rates of lung and colorectal cancers of two big cities (Beijing and Shanghai) and two rural areas (Qidong and Linzhou) during the period of 1988-2009. 4. Supplemental Table 4. Guidelines of Screening for Breast, Colorectal and Cervical Cancers.