目的 研究非水相体系中反式头孢丙烯的酶法合成工艺条件.方法 以7-氨基-3-E-丙烯基-3-头孢菌素-4-羧酸(trans-7-APRA)与对羟基苯甘氨酸(HPG)为底物,利用单甲氧基聚乙二醇修饰化的蛋白酶为催化剂,在非水相体系中合成反式头孢丙烯.采用单因素实验确定影响反式头孢丙烯相对产率的主要因素及其取值范围.以此为基础,应用响应面法对底物配比、酶用量、溶剂配比和温度4因素进行优化.结果 非水相体系中反式头孢丙烯均有一定量的合成,以DMSO和甘油的混合非水相体系为最佳合成体系.蛋白酶非水相合成反式头孢丙烯的最佳工艺参数:底物配比ntrans-7-APRA∶nHPG=7∶10,酶用量HPG∶Enzyme=1∶1,溶剂比率VDMSO∶V甘油=2∶1,温度30℃,在此反应条件下相对产率可达到63.6％,与理论预测值相比相对误差在2％左右.结论 修饰化中性蛋白酶在非水相体系中可有效合成反式头孢丙烯,该工艺可为酶法制取头孢丙烯的实际应用提供理论依据.

Neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis was chemically modified by cyanuric chloride activated single methoxy polyethylene glycol( mPEG5000),then the enzymatic properties and the stability in the non-aqueous phase system were studied. Results showed that optimal temperature of the modified neutral protease by mPEG5000 was 50℃,which was in agreement with that of free enzyme. Furthermore,the relative activity was proportional to modification rate under certain pH. In addition,the modified enzyme exhibited more affinity with substrate,thermal stability as well as tolerance to a series of organic solvent compared with free enzyme. Our findings would be convenient for bio-organic catalysis in biphase or unique solvents.

[Objective] The paper was to optimize the extraction process of resveratrol from Polygoni cuspidati by enzymatic method.[Method] The best conditions of extraction of resveratrol from P.cuspidati by enzymatic method were determined by using the method of single factor experiment combined with orthogonal experiment.[Result] The best extraction process of resveratrol from P.cuspidati was that,the ratio of material and water was 1∶15(V/V);laccase content was 0.30%;cellulose content was 0.50%;xylanase content was 0.40%;β-glucanase content was 0.20%;pH 4.4,and the yield of resveratrol under these conditions was up to 0.592%.[Conclusion] The study provided a research basis for the development and utilization of resveratrol.

The process conditions for low-molecular peptides prepared by enzymatic hydrolyzation from broken rice were researched. Firstly,single factor experiments were used to confirm the main factors and their value scales affecting peptide yield rate. Based on this result,response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to optimize enzyme dosage,temperature and pH,and the second-order equation model for the yield of peptides was established. The optimal parameters for peptides yielding by acid protease hydrolyzation was 5272U/g of enzyme dosage , 54 ℃ of reaction temperature and pH4 . 26 . With 1 ∶ 20 of solid - liquid ratio and 2 hours hydrolyzing,the peptides yielding was up to 18.92%,which was nearly in agreed with the theoretical prediction value. The results suggested the predicted model was reliable and would provide some theoretic reference for the practical producing of broken rice peptides by enzymatic hydrolyzing .

选择藻华现象严重的巢湖作为采样点,取3个不同位置的水样通过0.22 μm的纤维滤膜过滤,培养后加入适应期的藻液中,取黄化藻液作为分离菌种的材料,初筛菌株经反复试验获得有较强抑藻能力的菌株,经生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA分子鉴定其种属.初筛得到45个菌株,有两个菌株WD1和WD2表现出溶藻作用.两株细菌的菌液经离心、高温灭菌、细胞破碎等处理对供试藻鱼腥藻也均有不同程度的抑制作用.分离得到两株溶藻细菌,WD1为约氏不动杆菌,WD2为门多萨假单胞菌.

Effects on polysaccharide yield of enzyme digestion with different concentrations of pectinase,cellulase,laccase at fixed substrate concentration(1∶ 15) and reaction temperature(40℃) were investigated.Based on results from university test,response surface method was applied to establish the quadratic polynomial model and the validity was verified.Interactions among these three factors of pectinase,cellulase,laccase and their optimal level were discussed.Results of response surface analysis showed that: pectinase,cellulase,laccase significantly affects lentinan yield independently and a 37.07% extraction ratio of lentinan was achieved with the optimized concentration of three enzyme at 7.11%,6.82% and 3.69%,respectively.

Sensory evaluation,texture profile analysis and glass transition temperature were compared in order to compare the different between instant rice cake and traditional rice cake.The results showed that the sensory evaluation of instant rice cake was better than traditional rice cake.The results of texture profile analysis such as hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness and resilience were basically consistent with the sensory evaluation.Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the glass transition temperature in two rice cake.It revealed the reason that instant rice cake is better than traditional rice cake.The conclusions of the study provide a scientific basis for the production of instant rice cake.

The effects of acidic extracts from Ganoderma lucidum fermentation broth on chronic bronchitis in mice were investigated by expectorant, anti-tussive experiments and morphological observations. Ganoderma lucidum fermentation broth (GFB), different dosages of ethanol-extracts and butanol-extracts of GFB significantly prolonged the latent period of cough induced by SO2 and reduced the frequency of coughing, exhibiting obvious expectorant effect. Butanol-extracts with a dosage of 60mg/kg improved the excretion of phenol red by 50.7% as compared with controls, showing distinct antitussive effect over Honeysuckle-Scutellaria-Forsythia extract mixture oral liquid oral liquid. Ganoderic acidic extracts obviously alleviated the bronchial trauma of smoked mice, and the pathomorphological change was noticeably decreased as compared with the model group. However,the anti-inflammatory and anti-injury effects were equivalent to Honeysuckle-Scutellaria-Forsythia extract mixture oral liquid, which may provide the pharmacological basis for the development of Ganoderic acidic products.

The effects of pH value on Ganoderic acids submerged fermentation and the improved production technology of Ganoderic acids were studied.Ganoderic acids was produced by using pH controlled submerged fermentation,determined by HPLC and Ganoderic polysaccharide was by measured by sulfuric acid-phenol.The intracellular acid synthesis and mycelium growth belong to coupling,and extracellular acid formation and mycelium growth belong to part coupling.The optimum pH of mycelium growth and intracellular ganoderic acids production is 5.5,and the optimum pH of extracellular production is 4.5.According to the optimization of the experimental pH,production of extracellular ganoderic acid reached 0.86 g /L,increasing 34.4% than natural fermentation,and production of intracellular ganoderic acid reached to 0.364 g/kg wet cell.With pH controlled fermentation,production of ganoderic acid can be effectively improved.

In a Massion pine plantation ,non-woven fabric bands impregnated with Beauveria bassiana were used inoculatively against the pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. Cadavers of different insects were collected before and after the fungal release ,and 28S rDNA group I intron markers were used to detect recovery of the released strain. Among 87 isolates collected after release ,66 were identical to the released strain , accounting for 75.86%. In 6 months after release , recovery of the released strain varied within 75%-90.9%; with an average of 81.74%. Thus, the released strain colonized in the pine ecosystem and provided sustainable sawyer control. Population structure changed after the release , and the released strain took over the dominant position originally by indigenous type isolates.

通过五氯化锑反应、紫外扫描以及高压液相对发酵液中的灵芝酸进行了初步分析鉴定。由单因素试验确定了胞外灵芝酸的正丁醇提取工艺,最适提取工艺是乙醇沉淀上清液用正丁醇在25℃、pH值4.0条件下萃取,静置24h。胞外灵芝酸最大得率0.67g/L。

Ten plots were selected from bottom to top in Mt.Jingtingshan,Xuancheng,southern Anhui Province for detailed investigation of insect cadavers infected by entomogenous fungi.The population dynamics of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces spp.from February 2005 through May 2006 were studied with isolate numbers as the estimate.The result showed that B.bassiana dominated within 16 months of observation,accounting for 54.17% of the total 611 isolates,followed by 3 Paecilomyces spp.which took 43.04%,while B.amorpha,B.brongniartii and Metarhizium anisopliae took only 0.33%,0.98% and 0.49%,respectively.Based on the investigation of diversity of insect hosts of the entomogenous fungi,B.bassiana and P.cateniannulatus had a Brillouin diversity indices are 1.89 and 1.23,respectively,with their respective evenness indices are 0.61 and 0.52,respectively.The diversity indices and evenness indices for P.farinosus and P.fumosoroseus are 1.19 and 0.78,0.49 and 0.32,respectively;the two indices for B.amorpha,B.brongniartii,and M.anisopliae were all very low.The diversity indices of host insects infected by B.bassiana in different seasons displayed a trend of high in summer and low in spring and fall,with the highest index appearing in July(1.77);that of the hosts infected by P.cateniannulatus displayed a trend of low in summer and high in fall,with the highest index in October(1.82);those infected by P.farinosus and P.fumosoroseus displayed a trend of high in spring.Their diversity indices are 1.18 and 1.54,respectively.Therefore,hot and humid summer is suitable for epizootics of B.bassiana,while lower temperatures are suitable for epizootics of the 3 Paecilomyces spp.Their population dynamics varies differently as season changes,suggesting a benefit of sustainable forest pest control in a complementary way.

在葡萄糖培养基中,栓菌420(Trametes sp.420)经6mmol/L邻甲苯胺诱导,漆酶活力达到4535U/L(愈创木酚法).用弱阴离子交换层析可分离得到纯化漆酶.以壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联剂对漆酶进行固定化,30g壳聚糖与30U漆酶混合,酶活回收率高达69%.在酸性条件下,固定化漆酶对农药氯苯嘧啶醇具有良好的降解作用.

To evaluate the control efficacy of different formulations of Beauveria bassiana against Masson′s pine caterpillar, the following factors were investigated, the population density of overwintering larvae, emergence rate, population density, pupa infected and parasitic rates of first generation larvae. Based on the data, the grey correlation coefficients of different treatment areas, mixed dust formulation, oil formulation, high conidia dust and the check, were calculated as 0 7995, 0 4898, 0 2794 and 0 2004. The results indicated that the mixed dust formulation had the highest control efficiency. The formulated conidia had better control efficiency than unformulated ones. The findings also showed that the parasitic rates by natural enemies were not affected by applying different formulations of Beauveria bassiana.