Naphthalene (Nap) is widely distributed in the environment and has attracted concern due to its recalcitrance to biodegradation and acute toxic effects. Although several laccases can degrade naphthalene, it remains unclear whether laccase is involved in dioxygenation or ring fission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We demonstrated that laccase has a naphthalene dioxygenase function with a distinct joint approach to oxygen and the alternative regioselective ring-fission process. These results supplement the family of dioxygenase with laccase, a mild method for the ring opening of aromatics, and an operable scale-up application for remediation from PAH pollution and for regioselective oxygenation and ring opening.

Pseudomonas bijieensis 2P24, a bacterium isolated from the wheat rhizosphere, is known for producing secondary metabolites such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), which exhibits strong inhibitory effects against soil-borne pathogens. The genome of P. bijieensis 2P24 also harbors the mupirocin biosynthetic gene cluster, underscoring its metabolic versatility and potential applications in pharmaceuticals. Within the mupirocin biosynthetic gene cluster, a luxI/luxR-type quorum-sensing system (MupI/MupR) regulates secondary metabolites production, linking quorum sensing to metabolic processes. Owing to its cost-effective growth conditions, P. bijieensis 2P24 has emerged as a promising candidate for microbial chassis and recombinant protein expression system. In this study, six strong promoters were identified using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses of the quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator MupR, combined with an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter system. These promoters were evaluated in the autologous 2,4-DAPG biosynthetic pathway and β-galactosidase expression in P. bijieensis 2P24. The quorum-sensing-dependent promoters significantly enhanced 2,4-DAPG production, while all six promoters demonstrated robust β-galactosidase activity with consistent performance. These findings highlight the potential of endogenous strong promoters for optimizing metabolic pathways and recombinant protein production, especially under quorum-sensing regulation. This study establishes P. bijieensis 2P24 as an effective platform for applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.

Trans-δ-viniferin (TVN), as a natural extract, is a resveratrol dimer with attractive biological activities, particularly its anti-tumor character. However, the mechanism of TVN interfering with cancerous proliferation has not been fully understood. Herein in this study, we found that TVN could trigger cancerous mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) reduction, with intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) level increasing, leading to apoptosis, which makes TVN a promising candidate for lung cancer cells A549 treatment. Therefore, this study provides TVN as an option to meet the demand for higher antitumor availability with lower biotoxicity and other clinical applications.

Degradation of lignin, a natural macromolecule, by laccase via substrate radicals has been intensively studied. However, the interactions between laccase and DNA have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this report, we demonstrate that laccase has the endonuclease-mimetic activity with the sequence preference. The decay of plasmid and cDNA was observed with atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and DNA sequencing. Concomitantly, Image 1 appeared, which produced the DNA lesion. The sequencing results showed that A and AA were the preferred nucleotides flanking the cleaved sites. The hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs and the base redox potential were responsible for the long-lived charge transfer state within the A-repetitive sequence governing the sequence preference. This discovery implies alternative strategies of surviving the phosphorus stress and resistance to alien DNA in certain species, in which laccase is abundant. These results enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of DNA damage and are important for the interpretation of disease treatment.

Secondary metabolites of traditional Chinese herbs can prominently stimulate the production of laccase from white rot fungi during submerged fermentation. However, the molecular mechanism through which these natural products induce the production of laccase remains unknown. In this study, the Chinese herbal medicine Polygonum cuspidatum was used to induce laccase production in Trametes versicolor , and the best inducer was identified in emodin, even under conditions of 1000-L, large-scale fermentation. Proteomics analysis identified a selection of proteins that were differentially expressed in the presence of emodin, indicating that emodin may affect the expression of laccase genes through three mechanisms: reducing bioenergy productivity, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/xenobiotic response element (XRE) pathway, and the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Combined with protoplast flow cytometry and fluorescence, it is revealed that emodin might reduce the synthesis of ATP by lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the subsequent responses.

The presence of the phenol gossypol has severely limited the utilization of cottonseed meal and oil in the food and animal feed industries. Highly efficient means of biodegradation of gossypol and an understanding of the cytotoxicity of its degradation products remain outside current knowledge and are of universal interest. In this work, we showed for the first time that laccase can catalyze the intramolecular annulation of the aldehyde and hydroxyl groups of gossypol for the o -semiquinone radical and originate the released ·OH radical. It was further found that the oxidation of aldehyde groups significantly decreases reproductive toxicity and hepatotoxicity. These results indicate a novel detoxification pathway for gossypol and reveal the crucial role played by radical species in cyclization. This discovery could facilitate the development of safe, convenient, and low-cost industrial methods for the detoxification of cotton protein and oil resources.

Two species of Oberea diversipes and Oberea fuscipennis belonging to Cerambycidae were newly found in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve,Anhui Province in August 2015. There morphological characteristics and distribution were further described in detail.

Coptotermes suzhouensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is a significant subterranean termite pest of wooden structures and is widely distributed in southeastern China. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of C. suzhouensis was analyzed in this study. The mitogenome was a circular molecule of 15,764 bp in length, which contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and an A+T-rich region with a gene arrangement typical of Isoptera mitogenomes. All PCGs were initiated by ATN codons and terminated by complete termination codons (TAA), except COX2, ND5, and Cytb, which ended with an incomplete termination codon T. All tRNAs displayed a typical clover-leaf structure, except for tRNASer(AGN), which did not contain the stem-loop structure in the DHU arm. The A+T content (69.23%) of the A+T-rich region (949 bp) was higher than that of the entire mitogenome (65.60%), and two different sets of repeat units (A+B) were distributed in this region. Comparison of complete mitogenome sequences with those of Coptotermes formosanus indicated that the two taxa have very high genetic similarity. Forty-one representative termite species were used to construct phylogenetic trees by maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses also strongly supported (BPP, MLBP, and MPBP = 100%) that all C. suzhouensis and C. formosanus samples gathered into one clade with genetic distances between 0.000 and 0.002. This study provides molecular evidence for a more robust phylogenetic position of C. suzhouensis and inferrs that C. suzhouensis was the synonymy of C. formosanus.

Species diversity and floristic composition analysis of butterflieswere conducted based on the investigation of butterfly species in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve during 2004 to 2016. Research showed that Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve had a total of 124 species of butterflies, belonging to 9 families and 79 genera, and there were 56 monotypic genera, accounting for 70.89％. The world faunal analysis revealed that the Oriental-Palaearctic species were the dominant ones, with a certain amount of Oriental species and a small amount of Palaearctic species. According to the Chinese faunal composition, the Middle-China region species (100％) were the dominant ones, followed by theNorth-China region species (79.84％) and the South-China region species (59.68％). There were 28 types of distribution, 7 types of them accounting for more than 5％. The research would provide theoretical and scientific basis for the protection and rational utilization of the butterfly resources in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve.

According to the survey conducted in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve during 2014-2016, combining with specimens and relevant literature, the checklist of butterflies in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve was updated in this paper.Brief discussions and revision were provided for the unreasonable record, common errors in domestic literature and doubtful species.

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are a prominent field of research in green chemistry. Laccase is a multicopper oxidase, which we used to study the oxidation of catechol. A mechanism for this ring-opening reaction is also proposed. A o-benzosemiquinone radical was the initial nascent product of catechol oxidation during the catalytic reaction. This radical underwent two reaction pathways: (1) formation of an intramolecular adduct, which gave a carbon-centered furan-derived radical trapped by 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO); (2) formation of an intermolecular adduct producing dimeric and trimeric oligomers, as resolved by mass spectrometry. Products of the furan-like intermediate were also characterized by H-NMR. Simultaneously, a hydroxyl radical (∙OH) originating from the water solvent was identified by O-isotope tracing. The kinetics of this radical were also evident with substrates including 3and 4-methyl catechol, but not with resorcinol and hydroquinone isomers, 3and 4-nitro catechol, and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene. The mechanism of selective 620 CHEN Ming et al.: Radical Mechanism of Laccase-Catalyzed Catechol Ring-Opening No.3

安徽大学贯彻"以学生为主体"和"研究性学习"的教学理念,依托学校厚实的动物学学科优势,准确把握课程定位,合理安排教学内容,通过对教学大纲、教学计划、教案、教材、教学方法、教学手段、实践教学、考核方式、评价体系等各教学环节的研究和改革,对动物学课程开展研究性教学,充分发挥该课程在生命科学人才培养体系中的作用,以适应基础学科拔尖人才培养的需要.

安徽大学依托鹞落坪国家级自然保护区,构建生物学科实践教育基地,在实习条件、实习内容、实习路线、实习素材、实习交流、数字化建设以及基地建设与大学生社会实践和青少年科普教育活动相结合等方面进行改革和探索,为相关高校生物学科理科教育实践基地建设提供参考经验.

For finding on the new function of the product Yeast Mannan (Man) which made in our ADF-Lab and it is from the wasted beer yeast of the beer-factory.We did more research about the structure, property and the bioactivity of the Man.And then, we modified the structure of the Man by sulfated to get new product sulfated-Man (Man-sulfated).The results show that the Man-sulfated had some new bioactivity, which: 1) is no cytotoxin for the host C8166 cells which belong to human T lymphocyte system;and 2) can inhibit the virus of HIV-1 cell growing in vitro.But the experiment results also show that the degree of the inhibit to the HIV-1 virus cell growing by the Man-sulfated is relation with the kinds of sulfated regents and the experiment methods, temperature, and cause effect of modified structure and construction of Man in different degree and then to produce differential biological function of Man-sulfated product.

3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) is an antimicrobial compound with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria and fungi that could be widely used in the food industry and livestock feeds. Notably, d-PLA exhibits higher antibacterial activity, which gains more attention than l-PLA. In this report, the d-lactate dehydrogenase DLDH744 from Sporolactobacillus inulinus CASD was engineered to increase the enzymatic activities toward phenylpyruvate by protein structure-guided modeling analysis. The phenylpyruvate molecule was first docked in the active center of DLDH744. The residues that might tightly pack around the benzene ring of phenylpyruvate were all selected for mutation. The single site mutant M307L showed the highest increased activity toward bulkier substrate phenylpyruvate than the wild type. By using the engineered d-lactate dehydrogenase M307L expressed in Escherichia coli strains, without coexpression of the cofactor regeneration system, 21.43 g/L d-PLA was produced from phenylpyruvate with a productivity of 1.58 g/L/h in the fed-batch biotransformation process, which ranked in the list as the highest production titer of d-PLA by d-lactate dehydrogenase. The enantiomeric excess value of produced d-PLA in the broth was higher than 99.7 %. Additionally, the structure-guided design of this enzyme will also provide referential information for further engineering other 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, which are useful for a wide range of fine chemical synthesis.

利用同源克隆技术分离了安徽省40个不同地理种群白蚁样品的线粒体CO Ⅱ基因,并进行了序列分析,结合GenBank中的数据,构建系统进化树并进行了遗传变异分析.序列比对分析表明,40个白蚁样品分属3个属(土白蚁属、散白蚁属、乳白蚁属)的6个种,3个属COⅡ全长基因中多态性位点分别占0.1％、9.2％和7.4％;基因序列中A+T含量为61.8％,显著高于C+G含量,碱基变异的主要形式为转换.同种白蚁个体间的碱基差异明显小于不同种间的差异,种内个体间的差异为0.1％～1.3％,种间个体间的差异为5.5％～7.6％.分子系统树表明,乳白蚁属和散白蚁属构成姐妹关系聚成一支,亲缘关系较近,而土白蚁属关系较远,分子鉴定及系统进化分析的结果与传统形态学结果相一致,是对形态分类的有力支持.

目的 研究非水相体系中反式头孢丙烯的酶法合成工艺条件.方法 以7-氨基-3-E-丙烯基-3-头孢菌素-4-羧酸(trans-7-APRA)与对羟基苯甘氨酸(HPG)为底物,利用单甲氧基聚乙二醇修饰化的蛋白酶为催化剂,在非水相体系中合成反式头孢丙烯.采用单因素实验确定影响反式头孢丙烯相对产率的主要因素及其取值范围.以此为基础,应用响应面法对底物配比、酶用量、溶剂配比和温度4因素进行优化.结果 非水相体系中反式头孢丙烯均有一定量的合成,以DMSO和甘油的混合非水相体系为最佳合成体系.蛋白酶非水相合成反式头孢丙烯的最佳工艺参数:底物配比ntrans-7-APRA∶nHPG=7∶10,酶用量HPG∶Enzyme=1∶1,溶剂比率VDMSO∶V甘油=2∶1,温度30℃,在此反应条件下相对产率可达到63.6％,与理论预测值相比相对误差在2％左右.结论 修饰化中性蛋白酶在非水相体系中可有效合成反式头孢丙烯,该工艺可为酶法制取头孢丙烯的实际应用提供理论依据.

野外实习是动物生物学教学的一个重要组成部分。笔者根据多次参加实习教学的经验，并参考国内外高校的一些成功做法，总结出动物生物学实习教学模式，具体从实习的准备阶段、实施阶段和总结阶段三个方面来阐述。动物生物学实习过程中应注意一些问题，包括加强教师的向导作用、充分发挥学生的主动性等。

Neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis was chemically modified by cyanuric chloride activated single methoxy polyethylene glycol( mPEG5000),then the enzymatic properties and the stability in the non-aqueous phase system were studied. Results showed that optimal temperature of the modified neutral protease by mPEG5000 was 50℃,which was in agreement with that of free enzyme. Furthermore,the relative activity was proportional to modification rate under certain pH. In addition,the modified enzyme exhibited more affinity with substrate,thermal stability as well as tolerance to a series of organic solvent compared with free enzyme. Our findings would be convenient for bio-organic catalysis in biphase or unique solvents.