An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) histological platform was used to analyze the effects of two thermal processing methods (cooking and steaming) on the nutritional metabolic components of black beans. Black beans had the most amino acids, followed by lipids and polyphenols, and more sugars. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat processing significantly affected the metabolic component content in black beans, with effects varying among different components. Polyphenols, especially flavonoids and isoflavones, were highly susceptible. A total of 197 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in both raw black beans and cooked and steamed black beans, respectively. Cooking reduced the cumulative content of amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, sugars, and nucleosides, whereas steaming reduced amino acid and lipid content, slightly increased polyphenol content, and significantly increased sugar and nucleoside content. Our results indicated that metabolic components were better retained during steaming than cooking. Heat treatment had the greatest impact on amino acids, followed by polyphenols, fatty acids, sugars, and vitamins, indicating that cooking promotes the transformation of most substances and the synthesis of a few. The results of this study provide a basis for further research and development of nutritional products using black beans.

本试验旨在建立一种固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定饲料中氯苯那敏和溴苯那敏含量的方法.饲料样品用1％甲酸乙腈溶液提取,经混合型阳离子固相萃取柱(MCX)净化,采用液相色谱-串联质谱测定,以0.1％甲酸溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,C18色谱柱分离.通过使用不同饲料制备基质添加标准曲线,氯苯那敏和溴苯那敏含量在1.0～100.0 ng/mL内线性关系良好(R2>0.9950);方法检出限为0.3μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg;氯苯那敏和溴苯那敏在3个添加水平(1.0、10.0、100.0μg/kg)下的平均回收率为85.8％～108.4％,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)<15％.该方法前处理简单,操作方便,适用于饲料中氯苯那敏和溴苯那敏含量的同步测定.

粪水储存过程中会释放大量氨气(ammonia,NH3),不仅造成环境污染,还降低粪水肥效.粪水酸化技术是一种通过添加酸化剂降低粪水pH,减少NH3挥发的有效办法.为探究不同酸化剂对粪水无机氮形态转化的影响,以生猪养殖粪水为试验对象,选择强酸类、盐类和易分解有机物3类共11种酸化剂,包括浓硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、磷酸、明矾、硫酸铝、氯化铝、磷酸二氢钾、过磷酸钙、葡萄糖、蔗糖,以未酸化粪水为对照,将粪水初始pH降至6.0后,分析60 d储存期内粪水中总无机氮(total inorganic nitrogen,TIN)含量、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH:)含量、硝态氮(nitrate nitrogen,N03)含量及NH3排放的变化规律.结果 表明,在粪水储存过程中,酸化可以有效降低粪水中的NH3排放,提高储存后粪水的养分含量,与CK相比,酸化处理的TIN和NH:含量分别提高了63.19％～2481.34％和59.17％～2591.72％,NH3减排了18.77％～80.33％.综合酸化效果以及经济成本,认为浓硫酸、明矾和过磷酸钙是较适合的酸化剂,其总无机氮含量分别提高了517.05％、1414.82％和2481.34％,氨氮含量分别提高了535.50％、1443.79％和2591.72％,NH3排放量分别减少了48.81％、71.43％和65.60％,成本分别为0.66、5.20和23.70元·m-3.研究为粪水酸化剂的优选提供数据支撑,为促进粪水资源化利用,提高粪水利用的生态和经济效益提供理论依据.

Nowadays, nanosilver materials are widely used in the field of food packaging, which could significantly prolong the storage time of food.The migration of silver nanopartilcles in nanosilver packages is increasing continuously, while the case of the growth of Escherichia coli (E.coil) is not the same.In this paper, the antimicrobial activity to E. coil of silver nanoparticles is evaluated, which is useful to the evaluation of nanosilver food packages.

研究了储存后粪水对油菜的产量、品质和重金属累积的影响,结果表明:生猪粪水经酸化储存60 d后可以明显提高油菜的产量,改善油菜的品质.当酸化粪水浓度在25％和50％时,油菜的产量显著提高,分别增加了172.02％和209.76％,同时硝酸盐含量显著降低,分别降低了40.15％和32.02％,达到了蔬菜质量安全标准.从食品安全角度分析,重金属Cd和Pb在25％和50％下累积含量较低,从油菜品质角度分析,酸化储存粪水更能提高油菜Vc和叶绿素含量.综合油菜产量、重金属含量以及品质结果,建议酸化养殖粪水施用进行稀释,可使油菜的产量提高、品质提升.

以取代度为考察指标,研究了浓硫酸加入量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对平菇多糖硫酸化的影响;在单因素的基础上,通过L9(34)正交试验优化平菇多糖硫酸酯的制备工艺条件;采用FT-IR光谱仪对平菇多糖和平菇多糖硫酸酯进行结构鉴定,并通过测定还原力、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基清除率探索了平菇多糖硫酸酯的抗氧化活性.结果表明:平菇多糖硫酸酯制备优化工艺条件为平菇多糖1.00 g,浓硫酸加入量10 mL,反应温度60 ℃,反应时间90 min,该条件下平菇多糖硫酸酯的取代度为0.48.FT-IR光谱分析证明硫酸基与平菇多糖形成了平菇多糖硫酸酯.平菇多糖硫酸酯对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的IC50(半数清除率)分别是0.816,1.882,1.611 mg/mL;平菇多糖硫酸酯的还原力和对3种自由基的清除力均优于平菇多糖.说明平菇多糖经硫酸酯化后抗氧化能力增强.

前期研究发现线粒体交替氧化酶（AOX）呼吸途径对叶绿体光系统II（PSII）的光抑制有明显的缓解作用。线粒体内另一条呼吸途径——细胞色素氧化酶（COX）呼吸途径是否也具有光保护作用尚不清楚。该文通过荧光快速诱导动力学和荧光淬灭分析,解析了烟草（Nicotianatabacum）叶片中COX途径对PSII光保护的贡献及其与AOX途径的关系。结果表明,强光处理后PSII活性在所有叶片中均下降。AOX途径受抑明显加速了叶片PSII活性的下降。而当COX途径受抑后,叶片PSII活性的下降与水处理的对照叶片无明显差异。当AOX途径与COX途径同时受抑时,叶片PSII活性的下降比单独抑制AOX途径时更严重。此外,呼吸电子传递受抑均导致叶片非光化学淬灭（NPQ）增加,AOX途径受抑导致的NPQ上调比COX途径受抑时更明显, AOX和COX途径同时受抑时NPQ的增幅最大。上述结果表明,烟草叶片中COX途径和AOX途径均参与PSII的光保护。当COX途径受抑时,其光保护功能可以被AOX途径和NPQ补偿,而AOX途径的光保护作用不能被COX途径和NPQ完全补偿。

采用硝酸、氢氧化钠、微波和超声波等方法对经热裂解法制得的玉米秸秆和花生壳生物炭进行改性研究,以电导率和对亚甲基蓝色素吸附情况为考查指标,探讨不同改性方法的改性效果,确定较好的改性方法和条件.结果 表明,玉米秸秆和花生壳生物炭改性提高了对亚甲基蓝吸附,最佳改性方法和条件是硝酸质量分数为12％.

强光等逆境下光系统活性的下降被称为光抑制.高等植物中光系统Ⅰ (PSⅠ)和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)都会发生光抑制.目前PSⅡ光抑制对PSⅠ的影响已被广泛研究,而PSⅠ光抑制对PSⅡ的影响研究较少,这主要是因为没有专一性诱导PSⅠ光抑制的方法.有研究报道,常温频闪光可以较为专一地伤害PSⅠ.本研究发现持续光处理3h和频闪光处理4h小麦叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)降低的幅度相同.当PSⅡ光抑制相同时,频闪光处理叶片的PSⅡ实际光化学效率[Y(Ⅱ)]和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)都明显低于持续光处理叶片,而且只有频闪光处理叶片发生了PSⅠ光抑制.因为两种光处理导致PSⅡ光抑制程度相同,所以叶片光合机构活性的差异主要是由PSⅠ光抑制引起的.PSⅠ光抑制不仅限制PSⅡ向下游的电子传递,而且会使PSⅡ最重要的光保护机制NPQ失活.此外,本研究还发现持续光处理下Y(Ⅱ)下降是由PSⅡ反应中心伤害导致的,而频闪光处理下Y(Ⅱ)降低主要是由PSⅡ反应中心关闭造成的.因此,本研究表明:PSⅠ光抑制会抑制PSⅡ电子向下游的传递,并且抑制NPQ活性,从而加重PSⅡ光抑制.

[目的]探讨叶片蜡质含量对干旱胁迫下小麦光合特性的影响.[方法]本研究以一对小麦近等基因系多蜡质品系JM205和少蜡质品系JM204为试验材料,将二者种植在同一盆中,在人工气候室采用逐渐干旱的方式模拟田间干旱过程中的土壤水分变化.随着干旱处理时间的延长,土壤相对含水量逐渐降低,同步测定了不同土壤相对含水量下小麦旗叶的水势、光合气体交换参数及荧光参数.[结果]轻度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量在60％-49％)下,多蜡质品系JM205与少蜡质品系JM204旗叶的光合速率(Pn)无显著差异,随着干旱程度的加重,多蜡和少蜡质品系的光合速率都逐渐降低,但少蜡质品系JM204下降幅度更大.在中度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量在49％-32％)下,多蜡质品系比少蜡质品系具有较高的水势和较大的气孔开度,因此CO2供应充足,光合速率更高;少蜡质品系的PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPS Ⅱ)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)较多蜡质品系下降更快,说明少蜡质品系PSⅡ电子传递受阻情况和光抑制比多蜡质品系更严重;快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线参数分析(JIP-test)发现PSⅡ电子传递受阻主要是因为受体侧QA到QB电子传递限制.在重度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量下降到32％以下)时,多蜡质与少蜡质品系的水势和光合能力都大幅下降且二者间没有明显差异.[结论]本研究表明,多蜡质品系JM205在中度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量49％-32％范围)下具有较高的光合优势;本研究为小麦抗旱性选育与利用提供了理论依据,并对进一步的研究提供了建议.

Compared with ordinary vegetables,organic vegetables need more labours and more intensive technology.Because of intensive and meticulous farming,organic vegetables are favoured by general public.Whereas the authenticity of organic vegetables is difficult to discriminate.In this paper,Chinese cabbages of different sources are detected by IR after simple dispose,the different IR spectra can easily distinguish between organic Chinese cabbages and ordinary Chinese cabbages.

Objective:To investigate the immune regulating effect of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.Method:The contents of immunoglobulin (IgG,IgA,IgM),contents of complement (C3,C4),activity of lysozyme in the serum,thymus index and spleen index of mice were determined by animal testing.Results:Polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi can increased the weight of thymus of mice,significantly increased the weight of spleen of mice.It increased the content of IgG in serum,significantly increased the content of IgA and IgM in serum.It significantly increased the content of complement and the activity of lysozyme in serum.Conclusion:Polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were shown to have the function of improving the nonspecific and specific immune ability of mice.And humoral immunity of mice has been enhanced to a certain extent.

In order to make full use of byproducts of grapes after brewing,the extraction processes of oil and protein from grape seeds by aqueous enzymatic method were optimized,and the effects of different drying and extraction ways on the extraction amount and physicochemical properties of grape seed oil were investigated.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows:mass ratio of cellulose,pectinase,xylanase and trypsin 2∶1 ∶ 2∶ 1,pH 6.5,ratio of material to liquid 1 ∶ 9 and enzymolysis time 9 h.Under these conditions,the extraction amount of grape seed oil,extraction amount and extraction rate of protein were 99.47,74.86 mg/g and 57.58％,respectively.Different drying ways had obvious influences on the extraction amount and physicochemical properties of grape seed oil.Consideration from extraction amount of oil,quality and cost,air drying should be preferred in production.Compared with traditional methods,the quality of grape seed oil extracted by aqueous enzymatic method was better,and the protein byproducts could be obtained directly.However,the extraction efficiency was not ideal enough,which need further studies.

Proanthocyanidins is major polyphenols and widely existed in plants,and will produce anthocyanin under heating in acidic conditions.Proanthocyanidins has a very high resistance to oxidation and strong radical scavenging ability,and it also has anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,anti-aging functions.Therefore,it widely used in medicine,food,health care and cosmetics.There are abundant proanthocyanidins in grape seeds,extracting proanthocyanidins from grape seeds by ethanol can fully use of the wine making by-products.The extraction rate of proanthocyanidins and its DPPH free radical scavenging capacity are two indexes in determining the optimum extraction process.The experiment provides support for the further development and utilization of proanthocyanidins.The optimum extraction process conditions determined by single-factor and orthogonal test are as follows:solid-liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 10,extraction time 90min,extraction temperature 20℃,ethanol concentration 70％,pH=4.Under the above conditions,the extraction amount of proanthocyanidins was 1.584rmg/g,and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity was 12.41 μmol/g.

目的:探讨黄芩多糖的体内抗氧化活性及机制,为抗氧化功能食品的开发利用提供依据。方法:用试剂盒测定黄芩多糖不同添加组的小鼠血清、肝、脾、肾组织中的蛋白质含量、MDA含量、SOD活性和GSH-Px活性,考察黄芩多糖的体内抗氧化活性和机制。结果:黄芩多糖可显著提高小鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中的蛋白含量、GSH-Px活性和SOD活性,还可显著降低小鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中的MDA含量。结论:黄芩多糖具有一定的体内抗氧化活性。

为了促进理论课课堂教学质量的提高,化学教研室在黑龙江八一农垦大学开展有机化学必修课的选课制度.分析有机化学选课开展的组织与安排、教学方法及手段、教学考核及评定,总结选课的教学经验,为以后的教学改革提供指导和借鉴.

植物多糖生物活性的研究一直以来备受关注,对其提取方法及工艺的研究也较多,已成为研究热点之一.将目前广泛应用的一些提取植物多糖的方法(包括溶剂提取法、酸提法、碱提法、醇提法、超声波提取法)进行比较、分析,为植物多糖的进一步研究提供基础.

A series of novel cycloalkylthiophene-imine derivatives containing benzothiazole unit were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-viral activities. The bio-evaluation results indicated that some of the target compounds (such as 5g, 5i, 5u) exhibited good to moderate antiviral effect on CVB5, ADV7 and EV71 viruses, however, these compounds did not have inhibition activity against H1N1 virus. Especially, the compounds 4c and 4d also exhibited high antiviral activities, which provide a new and efficient approach to evolve novel multi-functional antiviral agents by rational integration of active pharmacophores. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The extraction technology of water soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus ostreatus with assisted by ultrasonic dispersion is studied. The optimum process conditions by the ratio of liquid to solid, pH value of enzymolysis, enzymolysis temperature, and ultrasonic time are probed by orthogonal tests. The results show that the optimum extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Pleurotus ostreatus are as follows: the ratio of liquid to solid 30∶1, ultrasonic time 60 min, extracting temperature 100℃, extracting time 60 min. Under the above conditions, the productivity of water soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus ostreatus assisted by ultrasonic is 17.12%.

以提高万寿菊中叶黄素酯的得率为目的,探讨了超声波辅助有机溶剂提取万寿菊中叶黄素酯的最佳工艺条件.在单因素试验基础上,以叶黄素酯的得率为响应值,采用二次旋转回归组合试验设计和SAS 9.1软件统计分析方法,得到了超声波提取万寿菊中叶黄素酯的数学回归方程、响应曲面图及等高线图,确定了最佳提取工艺参数.结果表明,提取剂为石油醚,溶剂倍率20,提取温度40℃,提取时间90 min,超声波功率150W,叶黄素酯的得率最高可达18.57％.接近模型预测值,说明采用响应面法对叶黄素酯提取条件进行优化合理可行.