目的:研究特纳综合征患者的骨质特点及开始治疗的时机对骨质的影响.方法:分析我院2006年3月-2018年3月收治的特纳综合征患者37例,进行骨密度测定并在激素治疗前后与正常同龄女性的骨密度比较,将激素治疗的起始时间分为≤18岁和＞18岁两组进行比较,观察两组患者骨密度的变化.结果:观察组患者的骨密度明显低于对照组;经过雌激素治疗后患者骨密度明显增加;开始雌激素治疗的年龄≤18岁较＞18岁者,有更好的骨密度改善,提示青春期后越早开展雌激素治疗,其骨密度越接近正常人.结论:观察组患者的骨密度明显低于对照组.雌激素治疗可增加患者骨密度,激素治疗开始的时间越早,骨密度增加越多,多数患者虽经治疗,但其骨密度仍低于正常同龄人,骨折风险较正常人增加.雌激素治疗有利于患者全身症状的改善.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound contrast in differential diagnosis of liver alveolar hydatid disease and hepatic malignant tumor.Method Totally 36 cases of liver alveolar hydatid disease and 31 cases of hepatic malignant tumor were retrospectively analyzed,who visited the Ultrasound Department of Qinghai Red Cross Hospital from March 2010 to September 2013,the performance characteristics of gray-scale ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) on hepatic malignant tumor and liver alveolar hydatid disease were compared.Results Gray-scale sonography of 36 liver alveolar hydatid diseases showed clear boundary,heterogeneous hypoechoic nodules,and the maximum area was (5.06 ± 2.46) cm2 in 49 lesions;gray-scale sonography of 31 hepatic malignant tumors showed unclear boundary,hypoechoic nodules,and the maximum area was (7.29 ± 5.83) cm2.CEUS of liver alveolar hydatid disease showed non-enhancement in three phases,and rim enhancement was seen synchronized with the liver parenchyma.CEUS of hepatic malignant tumor showed hyperenhancement in arterial phase,equal-enhancement or hypo-enhancement in portal phase and delayed phase,and abnormal perfusion areas were clear.Conclusion Liver alveolar hydatid disease is different in the performance of CEUS from hepatic malignant tumor,CEUS has a great value in the differential diagnosis of liver alveolar hydatid disease and hepatic malignant tumor.

The objective of the study was to investigate the application value and significance of the prenatal ultrasonic examination in early screening the fetal birth defects,and provide reference basis for early screening of fetal birth defects.We choose the 403 cases of pregnant women who received the system prenatal ultrasound as the research object,and record the fetal anomalies.The results of study showed that the screening rate of the birth defects was 1.8％;The time distribution of the screening of birth defects was given priority in mid pregnancy,accounting for 62.5％.The conclusion of the study was system prenatal ultrasound screening can effectively detect mid pregnancy fetal anomalies,can provide the reference for the clinical diagnosis of fetal birth defects and reduce the incidence of birth defects,bring forward the structure screening of the mid pregnancy to the early pregnancy,make some deformity or severe deformity discovered in the early pregnant,early diagnosis,early intervention,had clinical significance and social significance,worthy of clinical promotion and further study.

目的:根据西宁地区老年人骨质疏松骨折患者的临床特点,提出相应的预防措施及康复对策。方法:对2007年10月—2012年12月我院康复科收治的骨质疏松骨折患者202例,对性别、年龄、骨质疏松类型及程度,骨折原因、部位、次数、病程及预后等临床方面进行综合分析。结果:研究对象中原发性骨质疏松151例,继发性33例,自发性骨质疏松18例;跌倒致骨折184例,自发性骨折18例;单次骨折158例,多次骨折44例;骨折后手术治疗171例,保守治疗31例;平均住院天数55.30天。日常生活能力(ADL)评分(BI)≥75分182例(90.10%)(轻度功能缺陷);(50~70)分13例(6.44%)(中度功能缺陷);(25~45)分5例(2.47%)(重度功能缺陷);≤20分2例(0.99%)(极重度功能缺陷)。结论:骨质疏松性骨折发生率与年龄、骨质疏松程度呈正相关性分布,跌倒是骨折最危险因素。

目的:探讨高海拔地区糖尿病并发症骨质疏松症的有效治疗方法。方法:将7例2型糖尿病骨质疏松症患者随机分为对照组34例,治疗组39例,对照组给予常规降血糖、补充钙剂治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予有氧运动及电磁场治疗。结果:经过2个月的治疗后,两组患者空腹血糖、骨密度指数及骨钙素的含量比较,治疗组优于对照组。结论:综合治疗糖尿病并发骨质疏松症是有效的治疗方法,疗效优。

目的:讨论围绝经期与绝经早期妇女骨密度(BMD)和身体成分的变化,分析身体成分对BMD的影响。方法:选择2009年10月以来在本院行健康体检的(40～60)岁围绝经期和绝经≤5年的妇女,记录身高和体质量,计算体质数(BMI)。采用双能X线检测仪检测腰椎2～4和左侧股骨颈、大转子及全髋的BMD。结果:符合条件的妇女共157例,其中围绝经期组69例,绝经早期组88例。绝经早期组身高低于围绝经期组,体质量和BMI高于围绝经期组,绝经早期组腰椎2～4、股骨颈、大转子、全髋BMD均低于围绝经期组。结论:绝经早期的BMD降低。绝经后骨质疏松预防工作应及早展开。

目的青海地处高原,是骨质疏松症高发地区,选择有效的治疗方法势在必行。本文分析脉冲电磁场治疗骨质疏松症(OP)的疗效。方法对60例骨质疏松症患者进行临床资料采集、观察、BMD测定,应用XT-2000B型骨质疏松症治疗仪产生的复合脉冲磁场(C-PEMFs)进行治疗。结果治疗30次后,按照疗效判断标准、BMD测定统计分析疗效,治疗总有效率达96.7%。结论 C-PEMFs能缓解症状,减轻疼痛,提高BMD,是一种安全、有效治疗骨质疏松症的方法。

目的:比较高海拔地区与平原地区围绝经期妇女的骨密度(BMD)。方法:经DEXA确诊为骨质琉松的人群分为三组:高原地区(海拔4200m)围绝经期妇女180例为A组,年龄45岁～50岁,均为汉族,移居高原20余年。中度海拔地区(海拔2260m)围绝经期妇女180例为B组,年龄45岁～50岁,均为汉族,移居西宁地区20余年。平原地区(海拔40m)围绝经期妇女180例为C组,年龄同前,均为汉族,世居南京。采用法国DMS公司生产的CHRONOS型双能X线骨密度仪测定A组、B组和C组腰椎、大转子及股骨颈BMD。结果:A、B、C三组腰椎2～4、大转子、股骨颈BMD相比,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:高海拔地区围绝经期妇女骨密度与平原地区无区别。

目的:了解西宁地区健康体检者血脂血糖状况。方法:总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)采用酶法;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)采用直接法;血糖(GLU)采用氧化酶法测定。结果:测定结果发现,血脂血糖增高者占一定比例,尤以GLU和TG增高明显,且男性高于女性。结论:西宁地区健康体检者的血脂血糖水平相对偏高;而血脂血糖的异常是导致动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的危险因素。