Malignant tumors usually have no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stage. Most patients are already in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed. Some patients have lost the opportunity for operation, resulting in poor prognosis. Therefore, how to find the best therapeutic target for such patients and improve the prognosis of patients has gradually become the focus of scholar′s attention. Recently, Kruppel-like factor (KLF) is a transcriptional regulator that can bind to the target DNA, and its family plays an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. It has also been confirmed that the KLF family affects the proliferation, differentiation and migration of tumor cells, but the specific mechanism is still not fully elucidate. Consequently, in order to further explored the effect of the KLF family on tumors, this study intends to briefly review the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the KLF family in the cell proliferation, differentiation and migration of malignant tumors, hoping to provide new target for the biological treatment of tumors.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN).Methods:Clinical data of IPN patients admitted in the Acute Pancreatitis Clinical Center of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 1, 2014 to October 30, 2018 were retrospectively collected analyzed. These patients were separated into elderly group (older than 65 years old) and young group (less than 65 years old). These clinical data were analyzed between the two groups, including age, sex, comorbidities, laboratory and imaging examinations, treatment methods and outcomes, length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay and mortality.Results:A total of 163 patients were included. In the elderly group, there were 42 patients aged 67.00(65.50, 77.00), with 22 males and 20 females. In the young group, there were 121 patients aged 44.00(33.25, 52.00), with 90 males and 31 females. The ratio of male to female in the elderly group was 47.62% (20/42), which was significantly higher than that in the young group [25.62% (31/121), P<0.05]. The etiological cause of acute pancreatitis for 83.33% (35/42) elderly IPN patients were biliary diseases, while only 43.80% (53/121) of young IPN patients were caused by biliary diseases ( P<0.05). Elderly IPN patients had higher rates of coronary artery disease and hypertension co-morbidities compared to those of the young patients (all P<0.05). The level of aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen in the elderly group were significantly higher than those of the young group [37.00 (27.50, 58.00) IU/L vs. 28.00 (18.50, 44.00) IU/L; 6.36 (4.23, 10.89) mmol/L vs. 4.68 (3.23, 7.15) mmol/L, P<0.05]. However, the level of triglyceride was significantly lower [1.05 (0.78, 1.35) mmol/L vs. 2.26 (1.32, 18.55) mmol/L, P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in local complications, but the rate of persistent organ failure was significantly higher in the elderly group than that of the young group [30.95% (13/42) vs. 12.40% (15/121), P<0.05]. The duration of total parenteral nutrition for elderly IPN patients were significantly longer than those of young patients [22.00 (13.25, 43.50) d vs. 17.00 (9.00, 26.00) d, P<0.05]. However, the rate of patients that received surgery intervention was more than twice which was significantly lower in the elderly group than that of the young group [26.19% (11/42) vs. 43.80% (52/121), P<0.05]. The mortality rate for elderly IPN patients was significantly higher than those of young patients [21.43% (9/42) vs. 7.44% (9/121), P<0.05]. Conclusions:Elderly IPN patients were associated with a higher proportion of female than the young IPN patients. Elderly IPN patients usually have a higher proportion of cardiovascular comorbidities, and are associated with higher persistent organ failure rates and mortality rates.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a health problem in the world,patients are often accompanied by obesity.The experimental animal design of bariatric surgery is helpful for the development of less invasive operation method,higher safety in the treatment of T2DM and newdrugs for blood glucose control.This article will review the literatures in recent years which about bariatric surgery,and provide reference for animal experiment design,to introduce the experimental animal design of bariatric surgery for the treatment of T2DM and the mechanism of blood glucose balance after the surgery.

Objective To observe the effects of proximal gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on body weight and gastrointestinal motility in SD rats,and investigate the regulation of gastric nerve stimulation and serum gastrointestinal hormones by neuro-humoral regulation.Methods 12 SD rats were divided into experimental group (n =6) and control group (n =6),with gastric electrical stimulator implanted,and in experimental group dual-channel GES was activated.General status was observed for 4 weeks after GES activation,including body weight,feeding and water intake,urine and stool volumes,the resting gastric volume and gastric emptying were monitored via the establishment of intestinal fistula,and serum gastrointestinal hormones change was detected.Results During 4-week GES process,one rat had gastric retention and died at 1 week after GES activated.Compared with the control group,body weight,food intake,urine and stool volumes levels of the rats in experimental group decreased significantly (t =4.005,2.530,3.350,all P＜0.05).Resting gastric volume was significantly lower than that in the control group [(2.93 ± 0.50) ml vs.(5.10 ± 0.53) ml,Z =2.460,P =0.014],and the intestinal juice drainage was lower than the control group [(0.18 ±0.15)ml vs.(0.44 ±0.05)ml,Z =2.513,P =0.012],while serum GLP-1 levels were similar between the two groups [(0.44 ± 0.05) ml vs.(0.18 ± 0.15) ml,Z =1.026,P =0.305],but Ghrelin was significantly higher than that in the control group [(1.65 ± 0.58) vs.(0.65 ±0.36),Z =2.380,P =0.017].Conclusion The proximal GES may lead to the change of the body weight,food intake,gastrointestinal function and motility,possibly by stimulating nerve reflex inducing gastrointestinal hormones secretion and affect gastrointestinal function.

Objective To explore the potential mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer induced by pancreatic stellate cell (PSC).Methods The effect of PSC on EMT of pancreatic cancer was determined by direct co-culture.We also added signal pathway inhibitors and Notch-3 small interfere RNA (siRNA) to the co-culture system.Morphological change observation,two-chamber migration assays to assess the cell migration,fluorescent immunohistochemistry,Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting to assess the expression level of Notch-3,E-cadherin,Vimentin was performed to determine whether the EMT happened.Results After co-culture with PSC,EMT phenomenon of PANC-1 happened with increased motility [mono-culture vs.co-culture,(16.4 ±2.6)/HP vs.(51.6 ±4.5)/HP,P=0.001].L1790 (5 μmol/L,Notch signaling pathway inhibitor) can significantly inhibit the increased motility of PANC-1 cells,and suppress the occurrence of EMT.Notch-3 siRNA successfully inhibited Notch-3 gene expression,blocked the increased migration ability and EMT phenomenon of PANC-1 induced by PSC.Conclusion Notch-3 plays critical role in EMT of PANC-1 induced by PSC.

Objective To explore the function of Notch-3 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) and prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.Methods Patients who received radical resection for pancreatic cancer in our hospital between January 2004 and October 2012 were included in this study.Immunohistochemical staining was performed with Notch-3,E-cadherin and Vimentin antibodies.Imaging pro plus 3.0 was used for analyzing the staining intensity.Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method.Results Sixty-seven patients were included.Low expression of E-cadherin was detected in 61.2％ (41/67) of patients,while high expression of Vimentin and Notch-3 was found in 65.6％ (44/67) and 59.7％ (40/67),respectively.Notch-3 expression was proportional to Vimentin expression (R2 =0.872,P ＜ O.05),while inversely proportional to E-cadherin expression (R2 =0.570,P ＜ 0.05).Median overall survival time in high expression group of E-cadherin,Vimentin and Notch-3 was (25.2 ± 2.3) months,(14.8 ±0.9) months and (15.8 ±0.8) months.While in low expression group,the median overall survival time was (14.3 ± 1.0) months,(25.5 ± 2.4) months and (25.1 ± 2.9) months,respectively.There were significant differences between these two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Notch-3 expression was associated with EMT process in pancreatic cancer patients.Low expression of E-cadherin and high expression of Vimentin and Notch-3 predicated poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To evaluate the potential mechanism of the chemoresistance induced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs).Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell lines were directly or indirectly co-cultured with PSCs.The inhibition rate and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were assessed to determine the ability of chemoresistance.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis were used to evaluate Hes 1expression before and after co-culture with PSCs.Results After treatment of gemcitabine (100 ng/ml), the inhibition rate of the two kinds of pancreatic cells were (52.3±12.1)% and (65.1±16.8)%.After co-culture with PSCs, the inhibition rate decreased to (38.5±11.6)% (PANC-1) and (51.2±10.9)% (BxPC-3).After co-culture with PSCs, the IC50 value of pancreatic cancer cell rose from (78.2±4.8) ng/ml to (206.5±8.2) ng/ml (PANC-1) and (65.4±6.5) ng/ml to (189.6±8.1) ng/ml (BxPC-3).Meanwhile, PSCs promoted the expression of Hes 1 in both PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cell lines as well.After using Notch signaling pathway inhibitor (L1790) or Hes 1 siRNA transfection, the IC50 value decreased to (89.5±16.4) ng/ml (PANC-1, L1790) and (61.6±12.9) ng/ml (BxPC-3, L1790), as well as (94.5±20.4) ng/ml (PANC-1, L1790) and (67.5±11.3) ng/ml (BxPC-3, L1790).ConclusionPSCs can induce the chemoresistance of human pancreatic cancer cell.Notch signal pathway plays an important role in this process.

Objective To observe the influence on the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 to gemcitabine of silencing PAUF gene.Methods BxPC-3 cells,which overexpress PAUF,was stably transfected with PAUF-shCtrl and PAUF-shRNA to establish BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3_shPAUF cells as control and experiment group.Then the mRNA and protein expression level of PAUF in these two cell lines were detected by RT-PCR and western blot,respectively.The growth inhibition rates of these two cell lines treated with different concentrations of gemcitabine (0,3.1,6.25,12.5,25,50,100,200 nmol/L) were detected by MTT.Apoptosis rates in the cells treated with different concentrations of gemcitabine (0,75,100 nmol/L) were then observed by flow cytometry.Results The relative PAUF mRNA expression level in BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3 cells were 1.00 ± 0.06 and 0.83 ± 0.07,which were significantly high er than that in BxPC-3_shPAUF cells (0.25 ± 0.02;both P ＜ 0.05).The relative PAUF protein expression level in BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3 cells were 0.89 ± 0.07 and 0.95 ± 0.04,which were significantly high er than that in BxPC-3_shPAUF cells (0.31 ± 0.03;both P ＜ 0.05).The IC50 value of gemcitabine to BxPC-3_shCtrl cell was (22.88 ± 2.43) nmol/L,which was significantly higher than that of BxPC-3_shPAUF cells [(1.06 ± 0.02) nmol/L;P ＜ 0.05];apoptosis rate of BxPC-3_shPAUF cells treated by gemcitabine increased faster than that of BxPC-3_shCtrl cells.Conclusion PAUF silencing could greatly enhance the sensitivity of BxPC-3 cells to gemcitabine.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoate(PFOA)are two representative substances of the family of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs).Owing to their stable chemical characteristics,both PFOS and PFOA have been extensively used in large variety of industrial and commercial realms.The two chemical substances are ubiquitous worldwide because of their weak-volatilized ability and the difficulty of being degradation by the biological system.Studies show that PFOS and PFOA can be found in many environmental mediums and biological organisms.This article reviews related study materials about contamination circumstances of PFOS and PFOA existing in environment and organisms,and provides some ideas for further researches.

Objective To develop an analytical method for the determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS). Methods In the procedure a solid-phase extraction for the isolation of PFOS was employed. PFOS was subsequently analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry internal standard method. Mass spectral acquisition was applied with multiple reaction monitoring(MRM). Results The calibration curve was linear over a range from 0 μg/L to 120 μg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.991 039. The average recovery for PFOS was 76.88%. Conclusion The method enables the precise determination of standards and can be applied to detect PFOS in human plasma samples for monitoring human exposure.

Taking the front floor as an example, mainly introduced the hoisting wedge driver installed in active pressing material core and making use of reverse wedge driver to form the up flanging structure.The practice proved these two kind of structures had a certain application value.