基于Phyphox手机App,将圆柱形钕铁硼磁铁构成的单摆放在黄铜或铝板表面不同距离摆动,利用智能手机磁传感器研究磁阻尼摆运动.结果表明,相同距离下,黄铜和铝板阻尼系数基本与电导率成正比.对于铝板,磁阻尼摆离开板距离从50mm减小到18mm时,阻尼系数从1.139×10-2 s-1增加到1.114×10-1 s-1,随距离的变化可以用指数函数来拟合.当距离减小到2.5mm时,观察到临界阻尼现象.当磁阻尼摆离开铝板表面距离为18mm,铝板厚度从1.001mm增加到5.615mm时,磁阻尼系数从9.378×10-2 s-1增加到1.967×10-1 s-1.实验结果与基于磁偶极子的理论模型基本一致.本文所搭建的磁阻尼摆实验装置结构简单,研究内容丰富,特别是能定量地研究磁阻尼现象,可以作为居家物理实验开设.

本文基于Phyphox手机App,利用智能手机中的磁传感器(电子罗盘)研究磁性单摆运动.结果表明,不同最大摆角测量出来的磁感应强度随时间变化规律不同.只有最大摆角小于1.时,单摆才可看作简谐振动.不同最大摆角的磁感应强度随时间变化曲线可以用磁偶极子模型结合大角度单摆公式来描述.利用磁传感器测量的当地重力加速度为9.868m/s2,由于磁性摆空气阻尼较小.测得的实验误差仅为0.8％.

目前各个高校都在积极开展"课程思政"建设,本文就上海交通大学大学物理实验教学与管理融入"课程思政"的探索略谈一二.首先分析了开展"课程思政"过程中存在的问题及解决的办法;其次以"声速测量实验"为例,展示了这种"思政元素"不突出的实验教学中如何融入"课程思政"元素;最后展示了如何在教学管理环节中融入"育人"功能.只要有"思政意识",思政教育不但可以融入实验教学,也可以融入实验教学管理中.

为了让学生居家完成空气中声速的测量,基于手机Phyphox软件设计了"共鸣管测声速"实验.本实验根据共鸣管的原理,利用手机Phyphox软件测量一端封闭,一端开口的奶茶管发出共鸣音时的基频,理论上声速大小是基频与空气柱长度乘积的4倍,但实际上有效空气柱长度是实际空气柱长度加上"管口校正量".通过公式变形,得出实际空气柱长度与基频的倒数成正比例的关系公式,采用线性拟合数据直接得出声速,从而巧妙避免了"管口校正量"的干扰,同时理论上也给出了一种得到"管口校正量"的方法,这是本实验的创新点.实验以内直径为12.0mm的奶茶管进行测量数据,通过线性拟合得到声速值,并进一步讨论了线性拟合得出的截距的物理意义和含义.

在教学中适当采用探究式教学法,引导学生进行声速拓展实验的开展;对学生进行问卷调查,收集数据,分析教学效果,并提出今后教学改进的方向.

第35届全国中学生物理竞赛决赛实验试题电学第一部分要求考生利用示波器和信号源判断黑盒子中的电路结构.标准答案只要求给出实验结论,并未指出具体测量方案.以下给出了一种详细的分析方法.

Objective To analyze the acoustic features of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD),and to explore the correlation between the acoustic features and the severity and course of disease.Methods Fifty-two patients with PD from the Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical University and the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from August to December 2015 were enrolled into this study.Thirty-two age-matched healthy people served as control group.PD patients were tested with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) staging.And all the patients were tested with Mini-Mental State Examiantion (MMSE) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI).The voice samples of all subjects were collected and the frequency perturbation (jitter),amplitude perturbation (shimmer),and harmonic-to-noise ratio (NHR) were analyzed using a vocal assessment.Fundamental frequency (F0),standard deviation of fundamental frequency (SDF0) and formant ratio (F2i/F2u) were analyzed using a real-time speech measuring instrument.The acoustic parameters of the two groups were compared and the correlation between the parameters of the patients and the disease and course of disease was analyzed.Results Subjective assessment using VHI showed a total of 24 VHI abnormalities (46％) in the PD group,including 13 males (54％),11 females (46％).No VHI abnormalities were found in the control group.Among the parameters analyzed by objective acoustic method,compared with the control group (female/a/1.43(1.19,1.92),/i/3.39(1.49,9.85),/u/1.46(1.23,3.85);male/a/1.06(0.92,1.89),/u/1.30(1.07,1.64)),the SDF0 of the three vowels of the female patients in the PD group (/a/2.99(1.81,4.12),Z=5.429,P＜0.01;/i/10.89(5.47,22.20),Z=8.487,P＜0.01;/u/5.16(3.75,7.80),Z=7.138,P＜0.01) and /a/ and /u/ of the male patients in the PD group (/a/2.16(1.73,2.94),Z=4.858,P=0.002;/u/3.70(2.41,5.43),Z=7.664,P＜0.01) were significantly increased,and the F2i/F2u in the PD group (male 1.96±0.84,female 1.81± 1.14) was lower than that in the control group (male 3.48±0.70,female 4.14± 1.08),and the difference was statistically significant (t=-6.669,-6.844,P＜0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in frequency perturbation,amplitude perturbation,harmonic noise ratio and fundamental frequency.Only the fundamental frequency standard deviation of the sound parameters used in the study was correlated with the disease course of PD patients.After the severity of the disease was assessed by H-Y staging,the frequency perturbation (jitter),amplitude perturbation (shimmer) in the middle and late stage patients were higher than those in the early stage patients,and the difference of frequency perturbation in the three vowels was statistically significant,and the difference of amplitude perturbation in the vowels/i/and/u/was statistically significant.No correlation was found between the acoustic parameters and UPDRS score.Conclusions Consonance disorders are common in PD patients,and the changes in acoustic parameters are mainly manifested as the increase in the SDF0 and the decrease in the F2i/F2u.Acoustic parameters can be used as an effective indicator to evaluate the condition and course of PD patients,and further language tasks need to be added to clarify.

为了探求磁化紫砂壶里的水是不是磁化水,实验采用“拉脱法”研究磁化紫砂壶水的表面张力系数.将净化饮水机里的水倒入磁化紫砂壶静置,间隔一段时间测量表面张力系数;将净化饮水机里的水倒入磁化紫砂壶,轻微晃动(5次以上)再静置,10 min后进行测量表面张力系数;然后测出普通水的表面张力系数;最终将上述两种情况下的磁化水与普通水的表面张力系数进行比较.通过对结果和现象分析和讨论,认为磁化紫砂壶要想获得真正的磁化水,最好在倒入水后轻微晃动(至少5次以上),这样虽然不能严格满足磁化水的条件,但至少保持较长时间的磁化水的特性.

The experimental contents, test questions analysis and competition results analysis of the final test questions of the 35th Chinese Physics Olympiad Competition for middle school students were introduced.The 1st question was to measure the Young modulus and the refractive index of optical glass material, which could be divided into three parts:measuring the wavelength of semiconductor laser using Lowell method, measuring the Young modulus of optical glass strip using single slit diffraction method, and measuring the refractive index of thick optical glass sheet.The 2nd question was an electricity black box, students should judge the structure and properties of the components, and measure the vacuum permittivity and the relative permittivity of the given medium by the circuit of the black box and the permittivity measuring instrument.The design of the test questions was strong, and the grades were well differentiated.It was suggested that students should pay attention to the use of basic experimental instruments, the experimental skills, and the flexible application of basic physics principles.

通过对国外一流大学物理实验课程教学体系包括课程内容、教学方式和考核标准的调研,建立和物理理论课程讲授（授课对象以工科学生为主）相匹配的一整套可行的适应于工科创新拔尖人才培养的物理实验教学模式,包括项目设置、项目内容改革、考核方案、教学效果评价等.使得在工科同学理论课程知识点的学习中,物理实验能大大加深他们对物理概念的理解和掌握,同时物理实验将会增添他们学习物理理论的兴趣和学习效果.

利用恒力矩转动法测量了自制的不锈钢矩形薄板状样品的转动惯量.沿长、宽,和垂直于板面3个方向的转动惯量分别是7.70×10-4kg·m2,3.23×10-3 kg· m-2和3.97×10-3 kg· m2.沿长、宽方向的转动惯量之和基本等于垂直于板面方向的转动惯量,相对偏差仅为0.84％,验证了刚体转动惯量正交轴定理.分析了由薄板厚度对长、宽方向的转动惯量贡献不超过5‰,在实验中无须考虑厚度的影响.测量结果表明:固定螺丝、定位销对测量结果影响不大.此外还分析了空气阻尼、塔轮半径和砝码质量等因素对实验结果的影响.

目的 探讨针刺对脑出血急性期大鼠脑损伤的保护作用及机制.方法 选取健康Wistar大鼠120只,制备脑出血模型后随机分为3组,模型组40只大鼠不予以干预,对照组40只大鼠予以西药干预,实验组40只大鼠予以针刺者,观察3组大鼠脑水含量、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNFmRNA)阳性表达、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及水孔蛋白-4(AQP-4)阳性细胞数量.结果 (1)干预后1d、2d、3d、7d,实验组脑水含量分别是(72.12±1.21)％、(73.01 ±2.32)％、(75.42 ±0.29)％、(62.35±0.56)％,较对照组(76.32±2.21)％、(78.02±1.92)％、(80.98±0.65)％、(65.24±0.68)％及模型组的(79.02 ±2.14)％、(81.23±2.19)％、(83.21±0.78)％及(68.01±0.82)％少,差异均有统计学意义(F=5.831、6.521、5.065、4.986;P=0.027、0.025、0.031、0.033).(2)干预后6h、1d、2d、3d、7d,实验组GDNFmRNA表达分别是(117.18±2.42)、(141.12±2.25)、(102.01±1.32)、(97.46±1.29)、(96.35±0.56),较模型组(90.35 ±3.54)、(120.02 ±2.14)、(97.23 ±2.16)、(79.21 ±0.75)、(55.01 ±0.82)及对照组的(91.32 ±3.22)、(122.32 ±3.23)、(98.02 ±2.92)、(80.01 ±0.62)与(56.24 ±0.68)多,且实验组MMP-9阳性细胞数分别是(23.21±2.31)、(27.82 ±3.69)、(37.42 ±4.02)、(22.28 ±2.75)、(9.97 ±0.86),AQP-4阳性细胞数分别是(48.21±1.31)、(53.82±2.69)、(63.42±4.02)、(65.28±2.75)、(44.97±0.86),均较模型组、对照组少,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.631、7.931、8.521、6.065、6.312、5.631、5.931、4.521、5.065、5.312;p =0.023、0.019、0.013、0.038、0.037、0.035、0.033、0.039、0.041、0.040).结论 针刺可通过减轻脑水肿,促进GDNFmRNA表达,抑制MMP-9与AQP-4表达达到保护急性脑出血大鼠脑损伤保护的作用.

The measuring scheme of the mainstream intelligent F‐H apparatus was not appropri‐ate ,which led to the distortion of the physical image .In order to obtain continuous waveform with manual scanning ,two schemes were designed .The X‐Y scanner mode of the digital storage oscillo‐scope was adopted ,more curves were repeatedly recorded and then displayed on the screen simultane‐ously .Using the USB‐9219 data acquisition card ,four synchronous measurement channels were elec‐trically isolated ,common‐ground connection was avoided .The characteristics of F‐H tube could be shown in short time using the two improved schemes .

LED's lighting was controlled by adjustable constant current source.The LED's spectra were measured by multichannel spectrometer.The peak wavelength shift of colored LED induced by the normal working current was obtained,and the corresponding variation of the chrominance was calculated.

今年60岁的老张身体一直挺健朗,去年却因突发脑梗死住院治疗,头颅CT显示有多发性脑梗死病灶、最近几个月,家属发现老张好像变了一个人似的,很容易激动,记忆力很差,经常丢三落四,刚说过的话或做过的事一会儿就忘记了,症状时好时坏老张在家属陪同下来医院就诊,医生仔细询问病史,给老张进行实验室检查、神经心理检查及神经影像检查,诊断为血管性痴呆.老张家属疑惑地问道:“什么是血管性痴呆?是老年性痴呆吗?”

The sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge circuit using constant-current source has been discussed. The experimental and theoretical results show that the sensitivity is proportional to the output current of the source, and exhibits greater value with decreasing the resistance ratio of the bridge-arm resistors and increasing the val-ue of the bridge-arm resistors.

目的 探讨马来酸桂哌齐特(CM)对大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(tMCAO)小鼠的脑保护作用及脑组织中神经生长相关蛋白43(GAP-43)的影响.方法 32只ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、缺血2小时再灌注模型组(tMCAO)和马来酸桂哌齐特组(CM).应用线栓法制备大脑中tMCAO模型,腹腔注射CM建立CM组,48小时后观察不同组间小鼠行为学的差异,利用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法检测小鼠脑组织的病理变化并计算梗死体积,利用尼氏染色法检测尼氏小体的变化,利用免疫荧光染色法检测Caspase-3和GAP-43的表达.结果 正常组及假手术组小鼠无异常行为变化,tMCAO组出现明显神经损伤性异常行为;与正常组及假手术组相比,tMCAO组脑组织出现严重病理变化,脑梗死体积增大,尼氏小体减少,Caspase-3和GAP-43的表达水平明显增高.CM组与tMCAO组比较,神经功能缺损程度明显减轻(P＜0.05),梗死体积减小(P＜0.01),尼氏小体多,Caspase-3和GAP-43的表达水平下降.结论 CM对tMCAO小鼠的脑损伤有一定的保护效果,GAP-43可能在缺血再灌注损伤早期以及CM药理作用中发挥与损伤应答相关的重要作用.

Based on the measurement of ultrasonic propagation velocity in a homogeneous medi‐um ,the data were measured using time‐difference method ,the velocity of ultrasonic wave in compos‐ite medium was obtained using Origin software to fit the data linearly ,and the results were discussed and analyzed .

NAND Flash based SSDs(Solid-State Drives) have been developed rapidly because of apparent advantages over HDDs(Hard Disk Drives), such as consuming less power and are more resistant to harsh environment. Algorithms referred to as wear leveling for enhancing the endurance and reliability of flash memory are studied in this paper. A creative static wear leveling algorithm named as HSWL is proposed. Hot blocks and cold blocks are divided according to their degree of hotness recorded in a hash table, and data swapping operations are applied thereafter. By conducting a series of experiments, it can be seen that excellent performance has been achieved with conserved resource.

The giant magnetic impedance effects(GMI) of Co-based amorphous wires were measured.The effects of frequency and external magnetic field H on GMI were investigated.It was found that GMI was more than-50% at H=100 mT with frequencies range from 6 MHz to 21 MHz,and about-40% with magnetic field range from 30 mT to 40 mT.