选用6种生物农药开展草地贪夜蛾田间防治试验.结果表明,20亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂对草地贪夜蛾具有较高防效,且持效期长,药后7、14d的防效分别为97.41％、96.68％,与对照药剂5％甲维盐水分散粒剂的防效无显著差异,可作为其替代药剂.32 000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂对草地贪夜蛾防效较稳定,药后7 d防效可达72.43％.短稳杆菌、印楝素、绿僵菌、白僵菌对草地贪夜蛾也具一定防效,可在种群密度低时使用.

1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)是植物乙烯抑制剂,对植物产品起到保鲜作用.采用密闭空间气体熏蒸施药方法,以鲜切康乃馨为试验对象,观察不同浓度的0.14％1-MCP对瓶插康乃馨外观形态的影响,从而评价1-MCP对康乃馨的瓶插保鲜作用.结果表明,当0.14％1-MCP浓度为250、500、1000、1500 nL/L时,有延缓瓶插期内康乃馨开放速度的作用,能降低萎蔫率,延长康乃馨瓶插期6～7 d.其中,以浓度500 nL/L的0.14％1-MCP保鲜效果最佳.

文章通过对呈贡宝珠梨上中国梨木虱的发生情况进行调查,分析研究了中国梨木虱在宝珠梨上的危害规律,初步了解了该害虫在呈贡宝珠梨产区1年发生6代,在6-9月会引起煤污病间接危害.通过开展药剂防治试验研究,并根据各项研究结果,编制《呈贡区中国梨木虱综合防治技术措施》,指导大面积防治,经实践证明防治效果显著.

目前蓟马已成为危害大棚辣椒和传播辣椒病毒病的重要害虫.近年农户采用各种杀虫剂进行防治,虽有一定的防效,但也为农产品质量安全埋下潜在风险.近年来,各生产厂家相继推出多种替代农药防治害虫的产品,其中粘虫纸防治蓟马在国内有相关报道.为了明确粘虫纸对大棚辣椒上蓟马的防治效果,及比较不同生产厂家粘虫纸粘虫水平,为实际生产应用提供依据,设计本试验.

十字花科作物根肿病俗称"大根病"、"癌病",是由芸苔根肿菌(Plasmodiphora brassicae Woronin)侵染所致,作物受根肿菌侵染后,在根部形成大小不一、光滑或龟裂粗糙的肿瘤,而植株的地上部份生长迟缓、缺水蔫萎.近10余年来,由于蔬菜产业快速发展,蔬菜种苗调运频繁,十字花科根肿病在昆明市发生面积逐年扩大,发生程度逐年加重,已成为我市十字花科蔬菜的主要病害之一,尤其对保护地十字花科作物危害损失较大.本研究对十字花科根肿病在大棚白菜上发生情况进行调查,为制定综合防治技术提供了科学依据.

The efficacy and maize selectivity of 25% mesotrione· atrazine SC was determined experimentally in a maize field after its application as a crop preemergence treatment and postemergence treatment at the 3~5 leaf growth stage of weeds.Efficacy based on weed density of 25% mesotrione · atrazine SC in mixture with 96% S-metolachlor EC was 91.95%~94.01% at 33 days after treatment ( DAT) and 98% ~99% based on weed's fresh weight at 55 DAT, postemergence application of 25%mesotrione· atrazine SC provided 97.37%control (based on weed density) at 7 DAT days and 99%control based on biomass at 42 DAT.

福奇150ZC（微囊悬浮-悬浮剂）是先正达公司开发的新一代高效、广谱性杀虫混剂，其有效成分为氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氟氰菊酯，互补了两个单剂的防治范围，同时其不同的作用机理也延缓了害虫抗性的产生。作者于2010年进行了福奇150ZC防治西兰花菜青虫田间药效试验，为生产防治提供技术依据[3-5]。

白粉病是玫瑰的主要病害之一，生产上防治长期以三唑类农药为主，由于大量使用农药，白粉病对药剂的抗性上升较快。75%肟菌·戊唑醇（拿敌稳）水分散粒剂由新的甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂肟菌酯和内吸性三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇复配而成，杀菌活性较高、内吸性较强，既具有保护作用又具有治疗作用。作者于2009年进行了75%肟菌·戊唑醇（拿敌稳）WG防治大棚玫瑰白粉病田间药效试验，为生产上防治玫瑰白病提供替代药剂[1-3]。

Developmental time and sex ratio of Diadegma semiclausum,a larval parasite of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella L.were observed under six constant temperatures ranged from 15℃ to 30℃.Results showed that the developmental time from egg to adult decreased significantly with the increase of temperature at 15-27℃,the developmental time of whole generation were 35.97,21.75,18.57,15.38,14.93 d at 15,20,22,25,27℃,respectively;the temperature threshold for the whole generation was calculated to be 7.53℃,and the effective temperature sums for the whole generation was assessed as 269.07 degree day;There was no effective of temperature on the sex ratio(♀:♂) at 15-25℃,but when temperature was higher than 25℃,the sex ratio(♀:♂) decreased significantly,0.25 at 27℃.The optimal temperature for mass-rearing was 22℃.

试验结果表明,添加不同量的有机硅(杰效利)均能提高醚菌酯对月季白粉病的防治效果,并对切花月季品质有一定提升作用,杰效利最适用量为每60ml水加15～20 g.每667m2施醚茵酯40g、添加有机硅15g、用水量45 kg处理防治效果最好,较常规施药减少用水量25%.防效高23.1个百分点;在病害较轻时开始施药,杀菌剂用量减少50%的添加有机硅处理防治效果仍高于常规施药处理.

Laboratory studies were conducted on biological characteristics and life history of Spodoptera exigua in Kunming area.The results indicated that most individuals produced 5-6 generations per year and the generations were overlapped.The maximum quantity of occurrence was in the second,third,fourth,and fifth generations from March to September.At atmospheric temperature,its developmental period was 34 days of the shortest,and 76 days of the longest.The effect of environment factors on the growth and survival of S.exigua is temperature,humidity and host-plants.Low temperature and high humidity affected its growth.

The population dynamics of Spodoptera exigua by using the sex-pheromone from 2001-2003 in Kunming of China was monitored.The result indicated that it happened in each month.The number of adult begin increase from the last ten-day of March and decrease from the last ten-day of October,the main period of the month appeared from April to June.In winters,the number of adult was low.In the greenhouse vegetable crops the peaks of population happened from May to June.The number of adult happened in June on the land.It's happened on the flower every month,and the peaks of population happened from June to September in the greenhouse.According to the population dynamics,the author analyses the reason about its outbreak not only its population proliferate dynamics but also suitable temperature,cultivation practices,allocation of crops and prevention plant pests.

Western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera:Thripidae),is a major pest of most greenhouse flower in Kunming,distorting flowers and leaves by feeding and transmitting to spoviruses.The Population amounts of western flower thrips was investigated in rose,the amounts of Frankliniella occidentalis was obvious discrepancy in the different time and procreate stage,the blooming stage was the most in June.The aggregate indexes and Iwao-law were used to test the spatial pattern of adult of Frankliniella occidentalis in the fields.Each index showed that the spatial pattern of Frankliniella occidentalis in rose field was aggregate.The reason was their own behavior or the effect of the combination of the behavior and environmental disparate nature.

葡萄炭疽病[Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. et Schrenk]又名晚腐病,是引起成熟期葡萄果实腐烂的主要病害,受害初期果粒上产生褐色圆形小斑点,后逐渐扩大,稍凹陷,表面产生轮纹状排列小黑点,严重时病斑扩展至半个果粒,引致果粒腐烂.该病在果实转色成熟期陆续表现症状,发展迅速,糖度越高的品种发病越重,对葡萄的产量和品质影响较大.

昆明得天独厚的气候条件为花卉业的发展创造了良好的机会,也为各种害虫的生长提供了适宜空间.近年来,随着花卉生产的发展,花卉作物上蓟马危害逐年加重,尤其在主要切花种类现代月季、满天星、香石竹、非洲菊等作物上危害严重,危害面越来越广、危害作物越来越多,造成切花品质下降,是目前花卉生产上最难防治的害虫之一.为了筛选出对该类害虫有效的防治药剂,2003年,我们进行了现代月季蓟马室内药剂筛选试验,结果如下: