“早夏无核”葡萄是夏黑葡萄的芽变品种,通过4年的种植和观察其在重庆的主要性状、引种表现,结果表明:“早夏无核”平均单粒质量6.54g,单穗质量550.65 g,平均纵径2.35 cm、横径2.14 cm,可溶性固形物含量20.40％,果肉硬脆,有较浓的草莓香味.“早夏无核”具有成熟期早、抗病性强、品质优良、丰产稳产、经济效益高等特点,总体表现良好,适宜在重庆地区推广种植.

[目的]分析不同砂梨品种成熟果实的糖酸组分及含量,结合果实基本品质,为梨果实综合评价和梨产业品种结构调整提供理论依据.[方法]分别采用蒽酮比色法和酸碱滴定法测定18个砂梨品种的总糖和总酸含量,再以其中的6个品种(翠玉、雪峰、丰水、幸水、圆黄和黄金)为试材,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定果实中的可溶性糖和有机酸组分及含量.[结果]18个砂梨品种中,总糖含量最高的是爱甘水,其次是翠玉,分别为11.42％和10.17％;总酸含量最高的是甘梨早8,为0.39％,爱甘水和翠玉含量较低;爱甘水的糖酸比为81.27,显著高于除翠玉外的其他品种(P<0.05,下同).7个品质指标的部分指标间存在极显著(P<0.01)和显著正相关或负相关,因子分析将7个品质指标综合为3个主因子,累计方差贡献率达82.836％,能够代表原品质性状的绝大部分信息.果实品质综合评价得分显示,爱甘水、翠玉和黄花位于前3.HPLC测定的6个砂梨品种中,4种可溶性糖组分平均含量由高到低排序为果糖>山梨醇>葡萄糖>蔗糖,可溶性总糖含量平均值为91.38 mg/g,其含量由高到低依次为幸水>翠玉>丰水>圆黄>雪峰>黄金.6个品种中均检测到8种有机酸组分,各组分含量平均值由高到低依次为苹果酸>柠檬酸>奎宁酸>草酸>莽草酸>乳酸>富马酸>马来酸,有机酸总量平均值为3.264 mg/g,其含量排序为幸水>丰水>黄金>圆黄>雪峰>翠玉.6个品种中,甜酸比大小排序为翠玉>丰水>圆黄>幸水>雪峰>黄金,糖酸比与甜酸比大小排序表现一致.翠玉口感甜,风味偏淡,而其他5个品种口感以甜酸或酸甜为主,风味浓.[结论]6个砂梨品种成熟果实可溶性糖和有机酸积累分别以果糖和苹果酸为主;丰水和幸水果实风味浓郁;翠玉果实甜度占主导,水分足、化渣度高,综合性状优良,可作为重庆梨产业结构调整的备选推广品种之一.

果园生草是改良土壤结构、培肥地力、全方位提高果园综合生产能力,实现果园集约、高效、生态、可持续生产的现代土壤管理模式.为分析枇杷园行间种植黑麦草对土壤理化性质的影响,开展了连续3年黑麦草生草栽培试验,以清耕作对照,比较其土壤容重、总孔隙度、pH值、有机质、总氮、总磷、总钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量等指标.结果表明,黑麦草生草栽培能显著降低枇杷园0～20 cm土层土壤容重和pH值,显著增加有机质含量;大幅提高0～40 cm土层土壤中总氮、总磷、有效磷、速效钾含量,显著降低碱解氮含量.综上,生草栽培对枇杷园土壤改良具有积极作用.

通过对重庆市蓝莓产业发展现状的调查,结合发达地区的经验和教训,揭示重庆市蓝莓产业发展过程中遇到的问题(政府支持力度不够,资金投入严重不足;宣传力度不够,市场空间狭窄,消费乱象显现;未系统地进行蓝莓引种、选种、育种研究;科研配套研究严重滞后;本地科技人员严重缺乏,产业发展缓慢),并针对性地提出发展建议(加大宣传,吸引企业投入资金,形成完善的产销链;建立蓝莓产业人才制度,提升从业人员素质;加强科研配套研究,开发具有自主知识产权产品;建立蓝莓行业协会,提高产品质量,确保食品安全;转变思想,转变发展模式).

本文总结了重庆地区葡萄栽培中主要病虫害的病原及病症、为害症状和发生规律,结合多年的实践经验,从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治方面提出了综合防治措施,以供生产实践参考,为重庆葡萄健康安全生产提供技术支持.

杨梅果实富含各类生物活性物质,可对人体健康状态的维持起重要作用,其生物活性物质的测定及活性评价等已成为目前研究热点.综述杨梅果实中主要生物活性物质花色苷、类黄酮及酚酸的分布及含量研究概况,杨梅果实抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗癌、防治糖尿病等各项生理活性的研究现状,在此基础上提出了研究存在的问题及未来研究热点方向.

结合杨梅引种、大苗移植等的实践经验,从“建园及移植前准备,苗木选择及运输,苗木定植,定植后管理”等方面总结重庆地区杨梅大苗移植关键技术.

[Objective]The research was aimed at providing references for rapid, sound and sustainable development of Chinese bayberry industry in Chongqing. [Method]On-the-spot investigations were performed and appropriate personnel were consulted for understanding the current situation of Chinese bayberry industry in Chongqing. [Result]The advantages included expanding planting area, standardized seedling production, swift development of entertaining orchard and post-production processing, gradual formation of industry organization, big market, superior natural environment, abundant wild species and good ecological effects, while the disadvantyes were no interest in earlier cultivation, unreasonable variety structure, people lacking modern production skills, lagging cultivation technique research and development, no matching production technique, insufficient publicity, and slow industry development. [Suggestion]Sustainable development of Chinese bayberry industry in Chongqing could be realized by promoting new cultivation mode, boosting orchard profits, restructuring industry areas, adjusting variety structure, expanding relevant training, improving staff quality, increasing science and technology input, optimizing mating technology, increasing press coverage and creating independent brands.

In order to obtain one stable and more effective antagonist, Strain Y1-3 screened by our lab was selected to be an initial strain. One mutant strain UY5-22 which appeared the best inhibition effect against green mold on citrus fruits was obtained, by ultraviolet irradiation for 30 s. The strain UY5-22 grew faster than the initial strain Y1-3, and OD value of its diluted suspension was high up to 0.440 when cultivated for 14h. In the experiment of acupuncture inoculation on citrus fruits in vivo, the incidence of green mold was reduced by 82.40% and 21.38% respectively compared with CK and initial strain. All tested antagonistic index of mutant strain UY5-22 was the highest.

In order to study the effects of different types of bag on fruit quality of lemon,eight kinds of bag were taken as tested materials to bag the Eureka lemon.The results showed that bagging improved fruit outside quality,and the effect of total soluble solid and total acid was different with different kinds of bag.The lightness,yellowness,total soluble solid and TSS/TA of fruit bagged with the bag,which was yellow outside and black inside,was higher than that with non-bagging,but total acid was reduced.

由于世界不可再生能源的日益减少,使得可再生能源的研究和试验成为必然.柑橘皮渣生产乙醇是以柑橘加工后产物—皮渣作为原科,通过预处理、酶解、发酵、纯化等一系列的工艺而得到高浓度可再生能源物质—乙醇.本文对柑橘皮渣生产乙醇工艺流程及其前景进行了概述.

In order to investigate the fresh keeping effects of different preservatives on Valencia orange[Citrus sinensis(L.)Osbeck] during storage,using Olinda Valencia orange and Midknight Valencia orange as the experimental materials,the physical and chemical indexes of oranges which were treated and stored at 8 ℃ in warehouse were analyzed.The results showed that wax treatment for 31 d could help promote the brightness of stored oranges while preventing it from water lost and improving the favor,thus was better than the solely application of medicament.The optimum preservation craft for Olinda Valencia orange was first immersing in 20 g/L o-phenyl phenol sodium(SOPP)+ 50 mg/L 2,4-D for 5 min,then in 600 times dilution of gengreen citrus preservative for 1 min,and finally manually waxing with WATER WAX.While for Midknight,wax FMC 890 was the best.

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of waxing on quality and appearance of Tiancao citrus fruits in order to provide the references for scientific storage of postharvest Tiancao citrus fruits. [Method]Decco Fruitshine 402F wax, FMC 890 wax and self-prepared wax were used for waxing Tiancao citrus fruits at ambient temperature after treated with 2% SOPP for 5-8 min. Non-waxed fruits were also stored at ambient temperature as control. The appearance and quality of all treated fruits were comparatively analyzed. [Result]At the initial storage stage, fruit brightness was the same among all the treatments, however in late period, wax-treated ones were much brighter than the control, 402F and FMC890 could significantly improve brightness. Wax, particularly self-prepared wax could significantly reduce water loss, but as time went on, the difference between wax-treated fruits and control became smaller and smaller. During the entire period of ambient-temperature storage, hardness of fruit, soluble solid content and titratable acid content of all the treatments showed a descending trend. After 34-day storage, rotten rate remained the same under different treatments. [Conclusion]Compared to fruits treated with 402F and FMC890, self-prepared wax showed better effect on reducing weight loss and fresh-keeping, and similar effect on soluble solid content and titratable acid content, however, self-prepared wax still needs improvement in promoting fruit brightness.

In order to measure the storage effects of orange treated with different wax, the physical and chemical indices were determined of a variety of wax （Deeco Fruitshine 402F wax, FMC890 wax, own wax） on ＇ Long Leaf Orange＇ at room temperature. It is found that waxing could significantly improve the brightness of fruits, decrease the rate of weight loss. After storage of 27 days, no significant difference in sugar content was recorded between the fruits treated with waxes and the control without waxing, while the titratable acid content in the treated fruits were higher than the control, and showed a gradually decreasing trend. The brightness and the rate of weight loss of fruits treated with own wax were significantly lower than those of fruits treated with Fruitshine 402F wax and FMC890 wax.

[Objective]The studies were carried out in order to increase the efficiency of protein in-gel digestion,reduce the loss of peptides extraction and to increase the ratio of mass spectrometry identification.[Method]The procedures of decoloring,digestion and extraction were optimized using following methods:(i)ferricyanide and sodium thiosulfate reagents were used for decoloring of solution,(ii) for enzyme digestion,40 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate buffer was used at 55℃ temperature,(iii) three steps extraction was performed with 50% acetonitrile(ACN) and(iv) established one-step in-gel digestion method.[Result]Compared to the control,use of ferricyanide and sodium thiosulfate reagents decolored the gel pieces quickly and completely.The enzyme digestion time reduced to 2 h from 20 h at 55℃ temperature,and the ZipTip desalting procedure was replaced with 40 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate as enzmye digestion buffer.The ratio of mass spectrometry was increased by 30%(absolute value),the efficiency of enzyme digestion was also enhanced which resulted in highly abundant peptides.[Conclusion]The optimized method significantly improved the ratio of mass spectrometry identification and peptides coverage.One-step method significantly reduced the time of in-gel digestion and facilitated fast identification of highly abundant proteins.

The cultivar ‘Murcott’ citrus fruits treated with ‘Decco Fruitshine 402F’,‘FMC 890’,own wax and washing only as the control were used as experimental materials to study the preser vation effects at normal temperature storage.The results showed that,after stored for 22 days,all coating treatments effectively reduced the weight loss and the rate of the concaved oil glards significantly in comparison to the control.Decco Fruitshine 402F and FMC 890 could improve the fruit brightness significantly.The own wax could maintain the citrus fruits original flavor,and with the lowest weight loss and highest fruit firmness.

Cultivar 'Nova' stored for 25 d with "Decco Fruitshine 402F","FMC 890","own wax"and washing only as control.The results show that all coating treatments effectively reduce the weight loss in comparison to control,own wax achieves the best.Decco Fruitshine 402F can improve the fruit brightness significantly.

通过对宽皮柑橘'W默科特'黑腐病菌的分离鉴定,结果发现该真菌属于柑橘链格孢(Alternaria citri Ellis et.Pierce),半知菌亚门链格孢属,引起柑橘黑腐病.

本文在对酉水河和巫峡两岸8个中华蚊母树居群的大小、分布与生存状况进行详细调查的基础上,对其形态多样性进行研究,结果表明,中华蚊母树有36.84%的形态指标分化较大,且几乎是营养器官,表明中华蚊母树的各部营养器官形态受环境影响较大;聚类分析表明,中华蚊母树在居群水平上表现出较高相似性的同时,在个体水平上却出现了一定的分化趋势,极个别的个体还出现了极端分化的现象.

研究质构仪以不同探头直径大小以及在不同果实、不同测定距离下测定番茄硬度的各种方法,结果表明:随着探头测定距离的增加,反弹力增大;番茄横向的果实硬度低于纵向;本试验中以刺穿法于10 mm和12 mm测定番茄能区别果实的硬度.