为优化重庆草莓品种结构,引入日本草莓新品种"香野",对照品种"红颜",开展了大棚设施栽培条件下2个品种的比较试验,主要针对草莓的植株、叶、花、果等植物学特性,果实产量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc和抗病性等指标进行对比评价和分析.结果表明,"香野"草莓在重庆9月种植,12月上旬即开始成熟上市,果实始熟期较"红颜"早16 d;可溶性固形物可高达15.43％,较"红颜"品质好;香味浓,固酸比可高达31.72,糖酸比可高达16.5,口感纯甜,适合本地人口感;丰产性好,产量达22445.8 kg/hm2,较红颜高14804.4 kg/hm2,丰产优势明显;较抗炭疽病、白粉病和蚜虫;种植效益高,产值为1432308.1元/hm2;表明"香野"草莓是一个熟期早、品质优、香味浓、风味甜、丰产性好、抗病性好、种植经济效益高的优良品种,对栽培管理技术要求也不高,适宜在重庆地区推广种植.

12-氧-植物二烯酸还原酶(12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase,OPR)是十八烷碳烯酸代谢途径中的一个关键酶,控制茉莉酸合成的最后步骤.本研究从葡萄(Vitis vinifera L)基因组中鉴定了9个OPR家族成员基因,分别命名为VvOPR1～VvOPR9.利用生物信息学和分子生物学方法,对葡萄OPR家族成员的理化性质、进化特征、基因表达和结构以及其启动子元件、染色体定位等进行了分析.结果 表明,9个VvOPR在系统发育树遗传进化关系上可分为两个亚组,组内进化相对保守;染色体定位发现该家族基因仅分布在11号和18号染色体上;基因结构分析显示VvOPRs结构高度保守,尤其是保守基序motif6、motif4、motif2和motif3为所有基因共有;启动子分析显示,OPR基因的启动子区富含与生长发育、激素信号及逆境应答有关的顺式作用元件;荧光定量结果表明,VvOPR1、VvOPR2、VvOPR3、VvOPR7等4个基因在铜胁迫下表达量较高,推测它们可能参与了铜胁迫的应答.以上结果为今后进一步揭示葡萄VvOPR基因功能提供了重要的研究基础和理论依据.

"早夏香"葡萄是张家港市神园葡萄科技有限公司、张家港市农业试验站、张家港市凤凰镇农业服务中心共同选育的夏黑葡萄的芽变品种.结合4年的种植试验,观察分析了"早夏香"葡萄在重庆的主要性状、引种表现,总结介绍了重庆地区"早夏香"的栽培要点和推广建议.

“早夏无核”葡萄是夏黑葡萄的芽变品种,通过4年的种植和观察其在重庆的主要性状、引种表现,结果表明:“早夏无核”平均单粒质量6.54g,单穗质量550.65 g,平均纵径2.35 cm、横径2.14 cm,可溶性固形物含量20.40％,果肉硬脆,有较浓的草莓香味.“早夏无核”具有成熟期早、抗病性强、品质优良、丰产稳产、经济效益高等特点,总体表现良好,适宜在重庆地区推广种植.

以“夏黑”葡萄为试材,比较了不同蓄冷剂添加量EPP控温箱室温贮运3d内温、湿度变化趋势及不同保鲜配方对电商配送过程果实硬度,可溶性固形物(SSC),Vc,丙二醛(MDA),多酚氧化酶(PPO),过氧化物酶(POD)等保鲜特征性指标的影响.结果表明:1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)结合EPP控温箱加蓄冷剂室温贮运48 h,72 h时的果实硬度分别比对照高8.51％,9.50％;Vc分别比对照高6.35％,22.15％;MDA累积速率分别比对照低43.17％,60.61％;PPO活性分别比对照低35.11％,28.35％;POD活性分别比对照高20.13％,3.83％.得出1-MCP结合EPP控温箱加蓄冷剂可作为电商配送“夏黑”葡萄优选模式加以推广应用.

果园生草是改良土壤结构、培肥地力、全方位提高果园综合生产能力,实现果园集约、高效、生态、可持续生产的现代土壤管理模式.为分析枇杷园行间种植黑麦草对土壤理化性质的影响,开展了连续3年黑麦草生草栽培试验,以清耕作对照,比较其土壤容重、总孔隙度、pH值、有机质、总氮、总磷、总钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量等指标.结果表明,黑麦草生草栽培能显著降低枇杷园0～20 cm土层土壤容重和pH值,显著增加有机质含量;大幅提高0～40 cm土层土壤中总氮、总磷、有效磷、速效钾含量,显著降低碱解氮含量.综上,生草栽培对枇杷园土壤改良具有积极作用.

利用大棚设施生产冬春季草莓是中国南方地区草莓生产最主要的种植方式,也是近年来在重庆九龙坡、渝北、巴南等近郊区县推广应用最广泛的一类种植方式.通过近年来草莓种植实践和科研试验经验积累,总结出一套包括品种选择、准备地块、栽植管理、肥水管理、花果调控、病虫害防治、棚内全覆盖技术在内的栽培管理技术措施,可实现大棚设施草莓的清洁化栽培,为市民提供优质、清洁、安全、放心的草莓果品,促进重庆地区草莓产业可持续发展.

本文总结了重庆地区小拱棚草莓优质高效栽培技术,包括良种及种苗选择、园地选择、整地施肥起垄、定植、生长期管理、病虫害防治、采收与销售等方面内容,以期为重庆地区小拱棚草莓生产提供参考.

通过对重庆市蓝莓产业发展现状的调查,结合发达地区的经验和教训,揭示重庆市蓝莓产业发展过程中遇到的问题(政府支持力度不够,资金投入严重不足;宣传力度不够,市场空间狭窄,消费乱象显现;未系统地进行蓝莓引种、选种、育种研究;科研配套研究严重滞后;本地科技人员严重缺乏,产业发展缓慢),并针对性地提出发展建议(加大宣传,吸引企业投入资金,形成完善的产销链;建立蓝莓产业人才制度,提升从业人员素质;加强科研配套研究,开发具有自主知识产权产品;建立蓝莓行业协会,提高产品质量,确保食品安全;转变思想,转变发展模式).

本文总结了重庆地区葡萄栽培中主要病虫害的病原及病症、为害症状和发生规律,结合多年的实践经验,从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治方面提出了综合防治措施,以供生产实践参考,为重庆葡萄健康安全生产提供技术支持.

引入草莓新品种“宁玉”,对照品种“宝交早生”和“石桌一号”,开展了简易小拱棚栽培模式下不同品种的比较试验.结果表明,“宁玉”较对照提早46～71 d成熟,可溶性固形物8.7％,产量2 867kg/667m2,理论综合产值达119 286元/667m2,抗白粉病和炭疽病.“宁玉”草莓是一个早熟性好、丰产性强、商品果率高、品质优、香味浓、风味甜、抗病虫性好、经济效益高的优良品种,对栽培技术要求也不高.试验结果初步表明,“宁玉”草莓适宜在重庆地区推广种植.

Different concentrations of selenium (Se6+) were added in order to detect the rules of Se absorption, transportation, and distribution in seedlings of Ziyang xiangcheng. After two months of treatments, seedling growth parameters, Se concentrations in different parts, and rhizosphere microbial counts were detected. We found 1-8 mg Se6+/L treatments promoted plant growth, especially at 2 mg/L. The seedling Se concentrations were also improved with the increase of Se dose. Both Se concentrations and total Se content were the largest in leaves, followed by roots and stems. The counts of bacteria and fungi were maximized at the dose of 2 mg Se6+/L. With the increase of Se dose, Se transaction factors were reduced. Moreover, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) viz BCFroot/soil and BCFstem/soil were maximized at the dose of 2 mg/L Se6+. These results indicated that the optimized growth Se content is at the dose of 2 mg Se6+/L.

Potted Citrus. junos cv. Ziyang Xiangcheng seedlings were used to study the effects of selenium (Se) valence states (Se6+ and Se4+) on plant growth and antioxidants and antixodases in ascorbate(AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle. The results showed that Se6+ and Se4+ (from 1.0 mg·L-1 to 8.0 mg·L-1) stimulated the seedling growth by increasing plant height, leaf areas, and fresh or dry mass. Applying Se6+significantly increased plant Se levels mainly in leaf, and applying Se4+ slightly increased Se content mainly in root. Certain valence states and concentrations of Se increased leaf chlorophyll and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Se6+≤2.0 mg·L-1 treatments enhanced the activates of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and the contents of GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), while Se6+≥4.0 mg·L-1 treatments reduced the antioxidant contents and antixodase activities of GSH cycle. Moreover, Se4+≤ 2.0 mg·L-1 treatments increased the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and resulted in higher AsA/[AsA+dehydroascorbic acid (DHA)] ratio. When Se4+≥4.0 mg·L -1, the antioxidant contents and antixodase activities of GSH cycle were increased. Together, this study showed that different valence states and application concentrations of Se showed different influences on AsA-GSH cycle in citrus, and 2.0 mg·L-1 Se6+ and 4.0 mg·L-1 Se4+ were the best concentrations for plant growth.

Selenium(Se) has the function of health care, and selenium enriched agricultural products have been more and more popular. However, with the development of industrialization and urbanization in China, soil heavy metal pollution has been becoming more and more serious, maybe particularly in selenium enriched area. This paper reviews the recent-year research progress in the soil Se content and heavy metal content in farmland, and the relationship between heavy metals and selenium in the Se-enriched area for reference to the safe production of Se-enriched agricultural products. The selenium content 0.4mg/kg in soil is known as Se-enriched area, the Se-enriched area is mainly located in the South and the Northwest of China; low Se concentration can inhibit heavy metal absorption with antagonistic action, but high Se concentration can promote heavy metal absorption with synergistic effect, which may lead to uptake of heavy metals ou t of limits by crops and damage the safety of agricultural products. The paper suggests that the research should be strengthened on remedia tion of heavy metal pollution in soil and such related measures should be practised as less application of pesticides and fertilizers to preven t soil degradation in the Se-enriched area.

To get the whole picture of the production situation of strawberry in Chongqing suburb and better serve for the scientific research and production of strawberry in Chongqing,investigation and analysis was conducted on such aspects as planting distribution,varieties,production costs and benefits,production characteristics and the market price,and the existing problems of strawberry in Chongqing suburb,then the development direction of strawberry industry in Chongqing was discussed and put forward by the means of questionnaire survey,field visits and telephone inquiries.

为筛选出适宜重庆城郊地区气候条件且品质优良的草莓品种,对引进的10个草莓品种的物候期、植株性状、果实性状、品质、产量和抗病虫性等进行了综合分析研究.结果表明:越丽、红颜和太空3个草莓品种在重庆城郊大棚种植中,果实经济性状好,品质优,可在重庆城郊观光采摘园中示范推广,其他品种的适宜性相对较差,尚待进一步试验探索.

【Objective】In order to choose the grape variety with the best comprehensive performance and most appropriate for Chongqing, the fruit quality of nine introduced grape varieties was analyzed. 【Method】Single grain weight and panicle weight were weighed by electronic balance. The fruit appearance quality(vertical diameter and transverse diameter,etc.) was determined by vernier caliper. The fruit internal quality(soluble solid, titratable acid, vitamin C(Vc) and total sugar content) was detected through chemical method, and multiple comparison analysis was conducted. 【Result】Regarding fruit appearance quality, grape varieties Dabao,Hutai No.8,Benizuiho and Beniizu for the test were better than others. Not only their single grain weight was over 10 g, but also panicle weight was higher than others, which was between 505.48 and 573.75 g. Single grain weight of Summer Black was the smallest, just only 6.49 g,and panicle weight was the lowest, just only 382.51 g. Concerning fruit internal quality, soluble solid, titratable acid and total sugar content of Dabao, Hutai No.8,Benizuiho and Beniizu were higher than those of others except soluble solid content of Summer Black was the highest(17.57%). Soluble solid, titratable acid and total sugar content of Victoria were the lowest, which was 13.27%,0.24 g/100 mL and 14.45 g/100 mL, respectively. Vc content of Dabao was the highest, up to 1.05 mg/100 mL.【Conclusion】There were great differences among the nine grape varieties. Dabao, Hutai No.8, Benizuiho and Beniizu were better than others in Chongqing and were suitable for promotion.

本试验针对重庆山地果园普遍存在的土壤肥力障碍、农业生产和加工废弃物资安全处置与利用等问题,以生物质资源为研究对象,通过生物质焦、有机质(秸秆、菌渣)碳汇途径,研究不同碳汇处理对柑橘园土壤理化指标及柑橘果实品质的影响.结果表明:各处理均降低了柑橘土壤的pH和容重,提高了柑橘土壤的有机质和全钾含量,提高了柑橘叶片全钾含量,但对柑橘土壤和叶片的全氮、全磷含量影响不存在规律性变化.其中,柑橘树每株施用6kg菌渣,土壤容重降低至1.48 g/cm3,达到显著水平;每株施用3 kg秸秆,土壤有机质升高至36.47 g/kg,全钾含量达到9.68 g/kg,均达到显著水平,并且可提高柑橘果实可溶性固形物,降低果实总酸含量,提高果实固酸比,促进柑橘果实风味浓郁.

为对当前食用菌生产质量安全提供可靠建议,促进食用菌产业可持续发展,试验以平菇为试材,通过在培养料中添加不同浓度的Pb、Cd、As、Hg元素,研究4种重金属元素对不同潮次平菇产量和质量的影响.结果表明,除50 mg/kgAs处理待出菇日期延迟8天外,其他Pb、Cd、Hg不同浓度重金属处理均能使待出菇日期提前5～13天;培养料中添加不同浓度的Pb、Cd、As、Hg重金属元素后,均能不同程度提高平菇产量(50 mg/kgAs除外),其中0.05 mg/kg Pb、1 mg/kg Pb、1 mg/kgAs和10 mg/kg Pb处理增产效果明显;除50 mg/kgAs处理使平菇生物学效率降低了15.3％外,其他Pb、Cd、Hg不同浓度重金属处理生物学效率均有明显提高,0.05 mg/kg Pb处理生物学效率最高为89.2％,较对照高42.4％;另外,相关性和主成分分析结果表明,平菇产量越低,重金属含量越高,富集系数也越高;培养料中的重金属含量越高,后期潮次的重金属含量越高,富集系数也越高,Pb、Cd、As、Hg重金属元素在平菇中的累积作用明显.

In order to obtain one stable and more effective antagonist, Strain Y1-3 screened by our lab was selected to be an initial strain. One mutant strain UY5-22 which appeared the best inhibition effect against green mold on citrus fruits was obtained, by ultraviolet irradiation for 30 s. The strain UY5-22 grew faster than the initial strain Y1-3, and OD value of its diluted suspension was high up to 0.440 when cultivated for 14h. In the experiment of acupuncture inoculation on citrus fruits in vivo, the incidence of green mold was reduced by 82.40% and 21.38% respectively compared with CK and initial strain. All tested antagonistic index of mutant strain UY5-22 was the highest.