A solid heteropolyacid salt Cr([MIMPS]3PW12O40)3 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from cellulose in a water-methyl isobutyl ketone biphasic sys-tem. The effects of the type and amount of catalysts, the volume ratio of solvent, reaction time and tempera-ture on 5-HMF yields were investigated. The 5-HMF yield of 52. 5% and TRS yield of 77. 8% were achieved at 140℃ for 4 h over 0. 1 g Cr([MIMPS]3PW12O40)3 in a water-methyl isobutyl ketone (5∶ 5) biphasic sys-tem. Hence a new path for the efficient and green conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was pro-vided.

Ethylene is an important chemical in petrochemical industry. It can be obtained by oxidative dehy-drogenation of ethane(ODHE). As a potential low temperature catalyst,NiO prepared by urea precipitation exhibited good ODHE catalytic performance. In this work,the NiMO(M = Li,Sr,Y,Fe,La)nanoflake cat-alyst was prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method. The Ni-based oxide catalysts were evaluated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene and characterized by XRD,SEM,H2-TPR,O2-TPD. XRD and SEM results indicated that the additives didn′t affect the morphology of the catalysts,of which the average size was about 5 ~ 10 nm. The characterization by H2-TPR and O2-TPD showed that the doped Li,Sr did not enter into the NiO lattice,while Y,Fe,La could partially substitute the Ni ion in lattice and had a strong in-teraction with Ni,sequently influenced the physical and chemical properties and catalytic performance of the catalysts. Therein,NiFeO exhibited the best catalytic performance with a 18. 2% ethylene yield at 340 ℃.

RE-NiO (RE=La, Nd, Sm, Gd) catalysts were prepared by a modified sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET surface area analysis, H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and O2 temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD). The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODHE) to ethylene was applied to evaluate catalytic performance of the samples. The results showed that the doping of RE affected the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The strong interaction between Gd and NiO played an important role in the lessened reducibility and the distribution of adsorbed oxygen species, consequently influenced the catalytic performance. The best yield to ethylene of 29% was obtained over the Gd-NiO catalyst with an ethane conversion of 56%.

Cross-linking and esterifying starch of mechanical activated cassava starch was prepared by using mechanical activated cassava starch as raw material,and using sodium trimetaphosophate for cross-linking agent and acetic anhydride for acetification,which its synthesis route prepared by continual reactions in one-step synthesis way.The effects of reaction temerature,cross-linking agent and esterifying agent dosage,pH value of cross-linking and esterifying and cross-linking time on the cold viscosity of cross-linking and esterifying starch paste were investigated respectively,and the physical and chemical Parameters and structure of the cross-linking and esterifying starch with mechanical activated cassava starch and cross-linking and esterifying starch with raw cassava starch were studied.The results indicated that the above reaction conditions were all found to affect the preparation of cross-linking and esterifying mechanical activated cassava starch.Under the reaction temperature 40 ℃,1.0% amounts of sodium trimetaphosphate,crosslinking pH value 10.0,crosslinking time 2.0 h,acetic anhydride amount 0.5 mL,esterifying pH value 9.0,esterifying time 60 min,the cold viscosity of cross-linking and esterifying starch paste of mechanical activated cassava was enhanced from 847 mPa.s of cassava starch to 3 225 mPa.s,and the stability,acidity-resistance,staling resistance of the viscosity of starch paste were significantly improved.Cross-linking and esterifying composite modified was propitious to formation of V type crystal starch.

A citrate sol-gel method is applied to synthesize Cu(2+) doped ZnO nanocomposites (Cu(X)Zn(1-X)O, x=0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1). The phase, structure and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles are chacracterized by XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The results shown that the Cu(X)Zn(1-X)O nano-powders had hexagonal wurtzite structure and their average grain size was 25 similar to 35 nm. Antibacterial test shown that Cu(X)Zn(1-X)O nano-powders exhibited excellent antibacterial effects against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans, and their antibacterial activity was enhanced with increase of Cu(2+) content in the Cu(X)Zn(1-X)O. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cu(0.1)Zn(0.9)O to sscherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans was 50 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L respectively. Cu(X)Zn(1-X)O nano- powders had much more bactericide effects than ordinary inorganic antimicrobial.

The separation process of γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA) from monascus fermentation broth was researched.Three types of decolorants were selected,and the D101 exhibited high decoloring ratio and high GABA yield.The static and dynamic adsorption-desorption performances were investigated to obtain optimized conditions of GABA separation by D001 ion-exchange resins.The result showed that the optimum parameters were as follows:original pH of decolor fermentation broth,sample flow-rate of 1 BV/h,elution method of two steps by using water and 2 mol/L aqueous ammonia.The transparence needle crystal of GABA was obtained after the effluent concentrated.The total recovery rate was 45.4%.

111 Monascus strains were isolated and purified from red rice collected from different places of Zhejiang province.Through shake flask test,six Monascus strains with exopolysaccharide production in the 5.0 g/L or more were screened out and their morphological classification and identification were tested.Finally,through three times of shake flask test,combing with the growth rate of mycelium on the plate and mycelium biomass of liquid-fermentation,strain MP-66 with the highest-yield exopolysaccharide of 5.28 g/L was screened out.

A high-yield pectinase strain L5 was screened from sludge.It was identified as Penicillium oxalicum by morphological observation,and internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence analysis.This strain was cultured at the condition of 28 ℃,pH 6.0,160 r/min for 70 h,its pectinase activity reached to 39 940 U·mL-1·min-1.

自浙江省金华市苦瓜种植田采集到10株苦瓜的枯萎病病株,采用组织分离法,获得23株病原菌菌株;根据培养性状、形态特征以及分子特征,鉴定为由尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.)侵染引起.对该尖孢镰孢菌(F. oxysporum)进行了致病性及寄主专化型测定,结果表明该病原菌对苦瓜有明显致病性,不侵染其他测试的瓜类,证明苦瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰孢菌苦瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momodicae Sun & Huang)引起.

Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of related factors on Monascus pigment extraction.It showed that two factors playing the important roles,they were the ethanol concentration and pH value.Then the path of steepest was used to determine the optimal levels and obtain a maximum result of extraction.The pigment thermostability was studied by the way of degradation kinetics,and the half-life of Monascus pigment was given.Moreover,the photostability of Monascus pigment was preliminary explored in different wavelength visible lights.

泗洪话形容词的附加生动式可分为前缀式和后缀式两种,其附加成分带有[+程度]、[+情感]、[+描摹]的语义差别。

以作物栽培学实验的教学改革为例,探讨了在教学农场的作物种植、教学内容的充实更新、教学方式的时空扩展、教学形式的前后延伸和传统教学与开放教学的有机结合等有效途径来提高专业实验教学质量,达到健全实验教学体系、提升实验教学水平、培养学生良好习惯、增强学生实践能力、锻炼学生科研本领的实验教学目的。

From a prepositional perspective,the treatment model in Sihong dialect takes different forms: no preposition,one preposition,double prepositions,and compound prepositions.There exists a pragmatic difference in whether the speaker's attitude and the information conveyed are clear and outstanding when synonymies are used.

The grammatical term "aspect" is a means to indicate a certain supposition and emotion of the subject.The aspects of verbs in Sihong dialect can be classified into two categories: trial and repetition.They are basically grammar words and phonetic elements,and they usually take the form of repetition.