为适应我校向应用型高校的顺利转型,进一步提高药学专业硕士人才培养的水平,应该着力构建适应应用型高校特点的药学专业硕士人才培养模式.文章主要围绕以下三个方面进行探讨:首先要进行药学教学培养体系改革,建立药学专业硕士研究生的应用型教学培养体系;其次要构建应用型教育实践训练计划以提升药学专业硕士的职业素养;最后要加强校内导师、校外导师、研究生辅导员的建设与合作.

目的:探讨腺苷A1受体(A1R)在高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)致中枢神经系统氧中毒(central nervous system oxygentoxicity,CNS-OT)发生中的作用.方法:(1)大鼠侧脑室注射A1R选择性激动剂CCPA后观察氧惊厥潜伏期.采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组和5 μg、10 μg以及20μg CCPA给药组.采用侧脑室注射方法分别给予生理盐水和不同剂量CCPA后,进行0.6MPa HBO暴露,记录大鼠的CNS-OT潜伏期.(2)大鼠侧脑室注射A1R选择性抑制剂DPCPX后观察氧惊厥潜伏期.采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组和15 μg、30 μg以及60μg DPCPX给药组.采用脑室注射方法分别给予DMSO和不同剂量DPCPX后,进行0.6 MPa HBO暴露,记录大鼠的CNS-OT潜伏期.结果:脑室注射5μg CCPA组(32.15分±0.8392分)、10 μg CCPA组(60.50分±3.150分)和20 μg CCPA组(70.91分±2.975分)惊厥潜伏期显著延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).脑室注射30 μgDPCPX组(14.09分±1.363分)和60 μg DPCPX组(8.564分±0.645分)惊厥潜伏期显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:中枢局部给予腺苷A1R选择性激动剂CCPA可以有效延长CNS-OT的潜伏期;中枢局部给予腺苷A1R选择性抑制剂DPCPX可以有效缩短CNS-OT的潜伏期.

目的:探讨谷氨酸及其转运体在高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)致中枢神经系统氧中毒(central nervous system oxygen toxicity,CNS-OT)发生中的作用.方法:(1)大鼠侧脑室注射谷氨酸转运体(Glutamate Transporter-1,GLT-1)选择性激动剂Ceftriaxone后观察氧惊厥潜伏期.采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组和50 μg、100 μg以及200μg Ceftriaxone给药组.采用侧脑室注射方法分别给予生理盐水和不同剂量Ceftriaxone后,进行0.6 MPa HBO暴露,记录大鼠的惊厥潜伏期.(2)大鼠侧脑室注射GLT-1选择性抑制剂DHK后观察氧惊厥潜伏期.采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组和5μg、10 μg以及20 μg DHK给药组.采用脑室注射方法分别给予生理盐水和不同剂量DHK后,进行0.6 MPa HBO暴露,记录大鼠的惊厥潜伏期.结果:脑室注射100μg Ceftriaxone组(33分4.2秒4分12.4秒)和200 μg Ceftriaxone组(47分4.2秒5分5.2秒)惊厥潜伏期显著延长,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),并存在一定量效关系.脑室注射5μg DHK组(16分44.4秒±2分4.7秒)、10μg DHK组(12分51秒±1分23.3秒)和20 μg DHK组(7分31.1秒±53秒)惊厥潜伏期显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),并存在一定量效关系.结论:中枢局部给予GLT-1激动剂可以有效延长CNS-OT的潜伏期;中枢局部给予GLT-1抑制剂可以有效缩短CNS-OT的潜伏期.

Epilepsy is a chronic and recurrent syndrome of cerebral dysfunction. Recently, the relationship between epilepsy and astrocyte or adenosine has become a research hotspot. Adenosine is recognized as the modulator of central nervous system excitability and plays a key role in depressing neuronal transmission by combining its receptor. Researching the relationship of adenosine and astrocyte, adenosine kinase(ADK), Epigenetic modifications or GABAAR can provide a new and challenging therapy of epilepsy. In this paper, we will summarize the recent researches of the effects of adenosine in epileptic pathogenesis and therapy. If the clear mechanism of how adenosine inhibits epilepsy can be found in the future researches, we will have the new targets to aim at and it will have important implications for the researches and developments of precautionary measures and medicine.

NLRP3炎性小体是一种分子量约为700Kda的大分子多蛋白复合体,能被多种病原相关的分子模式或损伤相关的分子模式活化,对固有免疫系统免疫功能的发挥具有极其重要的作用.但如果其被过度激活则可通过活化的半胱天冬酶-1持续地将pro-IL-1β和pro-IL-18剪切为成熟的IL-1β和IL-18,进而激活下游信号转导通路,产生大量的炎性介质,引起机体发生严重的炎症反应,最终促进多种炎症性疾病的发生与发展,如Muckle-Wells综合征、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝、动脉粥样硬化、炎症性肠病和阿尔兹海默病等.因此,对NLRP3炎性小体进行深入的研究不仅有助于阐释固有免疫系统如何有效地发挥其免疫功能,而且作为系列炎症反应的核心,NLRP3炎性小体还可能成为多种炎症性疾病防治的新靶点.我们就NLRP3炎性小体的结构与功能,激活与调控,分布与疾病的近期研究作一综述.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a group of genetic-environment-metabolic clinical syndrome mainly caused by hepatic steatosis.The development of NAFLD is closely related with various cytokines and adipocytokines.This article reviewed the pivotal role of cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-6 and adiponectin in the pathological progress of NAFLD,and new adipocytokines Retinol Binding Protein 4(RBP4);apelin and visfatin were also included in the review.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of tumor conditioned medium (TCM) on the proliferation, adhesion and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). Cells were divided into control group, TCM stock solution group, TCM monodilution group and TCM didilution group (n = 6), and MTT assay was used to determine endothelial cells proliferation level after being stimulated with TCM for 24 h. Coating culture dishes with Fn was used to detect the adhesion ability of endothelial cells to basement membrane in control group and TCM stock solution group (n = 6). Wound closure model was used to test the migration ability of endothelial cells in control group and TCM stock solution group at 12 h and 24 h (n = 6). The results showed that TCM at different concentrations influenced proliferation of endothelial cells in distinct degree. Compared to the control group (absorbance value: 0.58 ± 0.04), the stock solution had no effect on proliferation of endothelial cells (absorbance value: 0.55 ± 0.01). However, the TCM monodilution and TCM didilution enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells significantly (absorbance value: 0.66 ± 0.03, P < 0.01 and 0.70 ± 0.02, P < 0.001 separately). TCM downregulated the adhesion of endothelial cells to basement membrane. Moreover, compared to the migration distance of control group at 12 h and 24 h [(14.05 ± 6.25) µm and (48.75 ± 16.37) µm separately], TCM upregulated the basement membrane migration [(68.25 ± 26.20) µm and (119.70 ± 34.90) µm at 12 h and 24 h, both P < 0.05 separately]. These results suggest that TCM downregulates the adhesion ability of endothelial cells and upregulates their migration ability, and thus facilitates tumor metastasis.

目的调查本科护理专业学生对专业的认可度及其毕业就业意向,为目前的护理专业教育措施提供建议。方法自行设计本科护理专业学生专业认可度及毕业意向调查问卷,对在校02级、03级、04级护理本科专业学生212名在同一时间内进行调查,用统计学方法对数据进行统计及分析。结果学生对护理及其专业性质的理解尚不够清楚;对护理专业认可度02级(曾有专职人员担任辅导员)高于04级(高年级学生任导学员),04级高于03级(均P<0.01)。对护理专业认可度02级与03级、02级与04级、03级与04级比较,差异有显著性意义(χ2=37.8、12.3、9.5,均P<0.01)。提示学生对专业的认可度02级高于04级,04级又高于03级。学生对护理专业发展前途和护士地位持肯定态度者较少;专业教育中专职护理专业人士较少;学生获取本专业知识途径不一,学生对学校教育的满意度均<50.0%;17.8%学生表示毕业后从事护理工作,73.6%表示可能会,8.6%表示不会从事护理工作。结论调查结果不容乐观,学校教育应从多方面进行改进,以提高护理专业学生的社会责任意识。