本文对核能及其应用通识课程的教学内容和模式进行思考，阐述开设该课程的必要性，探讨了在教学中需要注意的 几个重要问题以及课程思政融入的方法。用改革课程内容与创新教学手段及方法来激发学生的学习兴趣，从而满足 不同专业背景下的本科生对该课程知识体系结构的学习。

Camouflage techniques are an integral part of the natural world. Despite having developed many technological approaches, creating a solution which can simultaneously modulate its visible and infrared appearance remains a great challenge and highly desired. We present a moisture assisted photo-engineered textile that visually blends objects into the surroundings both in the visible and infrared spectrum. In our solution, moisture content inside has been rendered sensitive to ambient temperature variations, allowing the textile to self-adaptively adjust its thermal emissivity in a wide range of 0.8 to 0.27 with the temperature varying from 25.8 degrees C to 67.4 degrees C. Its visible appearance can also be tuned using an interfemmetric structural color filter to deliver a broad range of colors. The moisture assisted photo-engineered textile features a low-cost, biocompatible, flexible, lightweight and convenient approach for visible and self-adaptive infrared dual camouflage.

The water-vapor transition is critical for hydrogels in a collection of applications. However, how the polymer-water interaction along with the nature of the structure affect the macroscopic water-vapor transition remains a challenging question to answer. In this work, we tested the moisture transfer behaviors of a series of hydrogels at different humidities and found some hydrogels capable of lowering their surface vapor pressure to stop dehydration at low humidity and absorbing water from ambient air to recover toward initial states at high humidity. Through molecular dynamic simulations, we demonstrate that water inside these hydrogels undergoes increasing intensive intermolecular bonding during evaporation. The increased intermolecular bonding reduces the vapor pressure of the hydrogels and leads to the self-regulation. More interestingly, we demonstrate the self-regulation is closely related to the Young's modulus of hydrogels. These results provide further insight into the mechanism of the water-vapor transition in hydrogels and show potential in a broad range of future applications.

Passive building cooling without any electricity input are highly desirable in pursuing low energy consumption and environment protection. However, widespread adoption of existing techniques is restrained by the complex system design or low cooling power. Herein, we propose an efficient passive cooling approach with a bilayer porous polymer film, which comprises a hygroscopic hydrogel and a hydrophobic top layer with hierarchical pores. The hydrogel implements evaporative cooling in the daytime and regenerates itself at night. The top layer protects and radiatively cools the hydrogel, which enhances the cooling power during day and helps the hydrogel regeneration at night. With the synergistic effect, the bilayer film attains a remarkable sub-ambient temperature drops of similar to 7 degrees C and an effective cooling power of similar to 150 W.m(-2) under direct sunlight, showing great potential for low-cost, efficient and scalable passive building cooling.

Fluidic nanogenerators have attracted increasing interests in applications of distributed electronics and self-powered systems. Here, we report a novel electrokinetic conversion device composed of an anodic aluminum oxide membrane, deionized water, and titanium oxide electrodes. Under ultraviolet light illumination, the electrokinetic device outputs stable and continuous short-circuit current without any electrode consumption or external circulation of ions. Based on the output behavior of the device at different pressures and light intensities, an interaction mechanism between the electrokinetic effects in nanochannels and ultraviolet light–induced radical recycle at the electrodes is proposed. The radical recycle process transfers charges between ions and electrons to achieve stable streaming current in electrokinetic systems, while streaming current induced positive and negative ions acumination facilities the radical recycle process. These results bring new insights into the charge transfer process in fluidic energy conversion devices and provide a new way to construct light-assisted microfluidic energy conversion systems.

Efficient thermal protection is essential to battery safety. Here, a self-adaptive strategy is demonstrated to circumvent the thermal runaway of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, by using a zinc chloride-enriched hygroscopic hydrogel electrolyte. At high temperatures, water inside the hydrogel can quickly evaporate to dissipate the heat generated. Concurrently, excessive water evaporation causes a sudden drop in the ion diffusion of the hydrogel electrolyte, thereby effectively restricting the migration of ions and shutting down the battery. When the temperature lowers, the hydrogel absorbs water from the air and the battery recovers its function. The evaporation and regeneration of water in the hydrogel electrolytes are highly reversible, thus realizing intelligent and efficient thermal self-protection of zinc-ion batteries. By properly designing and engineering the hygroscopic hydrogel electrolytes, it is believed that other thermal self-protective aqueous batteries with faster response can be abricated, which shows promise for a safe power supply in both consumable electronics and electric vehicles.

Efficient heat removal and recovery are two conflicting processes that are difficult to achieve simultaneously. Here, in this work, we pave a new way to achieve this through the use of a smart thermogalvanic hydrogel film, in which the ions and water undergo two separate thermodynamic cycles: thermogalvanic reaction and water-to-vapor phase transition. When the hydrogel is attached to a heat source, it can achieve efficient evaporative cooling while simultaneously converting a portion of the waste heat into electricity. Moreover, the hydrogel can absorb water from the surrounding air to regenerate its water content later on. This reversibility can be finely designed. As an applicative demonstration, the hydrogel film with a thickness of 2 mm was attached to a cell phone battery while operating. It successfully decreased the temperature of the battery by 20 °C and retrieved electricity of 5 μW at the discharging rate of 2.2 C.

采用Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数模型对我国中部地区80个地级市2003～2015年的城市环境全要素生产率及其分解部分进行了核算,在此基础上计算累积环境全要素生产率,运用核密度法分析了我国中部城市环境全要素生产率的地区差距和动态变化.研究发现:中部城市环境全要素生产率和技术进步分别以年均1.39％、1.85％的速度增长,技术效率以年均0.02％的速度减少,中部城市环境全要素生产率增长主要由技术进步推动,技术效率出现退步迹象.中部地区环境全要素生产率、技术效率和技术进步率城市间差距在逐渐缩小,中部城市间出现明显技术“追赶效应”.

With the increased power of optoelectronic devices, enhancing thermal conductivities of transparent materials is key to thermal dissipation. Recently, our group has experimentally demonstrated a novel composite material with both high thermal conductivity and transparency by electrospinning. In this study, a numerical model was built to explore the effective thermal conductivity of the composite with non-overlapping electrospun polymer fibers and solved by the finite element method. Effects of the side length of a representative volume element and thermal conductivity along different directions of the composite were investigated by the model by adjusting the size and angle of the representative volume element. In the meanwhile, the effects of fiber volume and fiber orientation on the effective thermal conductivity were analyzed which is realized by controlling the fiber orientation with normal distribution. The generated models consisted of randomly distributed long fibers. Moreover, the overlapping methods of fiber films were studied to optimize the thermal dissipation. The electrospun composite was applied on a light emitting diode (LED) modules in a simulation way. In those modules, simulated effective thermal conductivity of the electrospun composite was applied and the temperature reduction on phosphor of the modules have been studied. This study provides a deeper understanding of effective thermal conductivity of composite that is reinforced by continuous long fibers and a useful tool to simulate the effective thermal conductivity with desired fiber volume fraction and fiber orientation.

深度挖掘我国智慧城市研究热点和发展趋势,为今后的智慧城市研究和实践决策提供借鉴.以中国知网收录的发表于2010-2017年的期刊文献为样本,运用文献计量和可视化分析方法挖掘我国智慧城市领域的研究热点、热点战略地位和研究前沿.研究发现:智慧城市研究自2010年以来一直保持较高的研究热度;智慧城市内涵特征、评价体系、治理和发展策略、顶层设计是具有较高战略地位和未来进一步拓展空间的研究主题.

Quantum dots (QDs) have been developed as one of the most promising light-converting materials for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In current QD-based LED packaging structures, composites of QDs and polymers are used as light-converting layers. However, the ultralow thermal conductivity of such composites seriously hinders the dissipation of QD-generating heat. In this paper, we demonstrate a method to enhance the thermal dissipation of QD-polymer composites through electrospinning polymer nanofibers. QD-polymer films embedded by electrospun nanofibers were prepared. Benefitting from aligned polymer chains in the electrospun nanofibers, the through-panel and in-panel thermal conductivities of the proposed QD-polymer film increased by 39.9% and 423.1%, respectively, compared to traditional QD-polymer film. The proposed and traditional QD-polymer films were both packaged on chip on board (CoB) LEDs for experimental comparison. Compared to traditional QD-polymer film, the luminous flux and luminous efficiency of the LEDs were increased by up to 51.8% and 42.9% by the proposed QD-polymer film under a current of 800 mA, respectively. With an increase in the driving current from 20-800 mA, the correlated color temperature (CCT) variation decreased by 72.7%. The maximum temperatures in the QD-polymer films were reduced from 419 K-411 K under a driving current of 200 mA.

A capillary-driven seawater desalination method is presented in this study. The core part of the system is an open heat pipe which distinguishes from the regular heat pipe is that no freshwater flows back to the evaporator, but feeds with seawater instead. An experimental prototype is designed and established, which has proved that nearly 91.8 g/h of freshwater could be produced at 42 °C of heat source with an effective evaporation area of 50.24 cm2. The total dissolvable solids (TDS) of the produced freshwater is about 30 mg/L, far beyond the standard for drinking water. An industrial desalination unit has been established at Guangdong Yudeam power plant (Guangdong, China). The low temperature steam around 60 °C extracted from #2 steam turbine is considered as the heat source for the desalination unit anticipating a fresh water production rate of 45.7 kg/h. For wide operation temperature adaptability, particularly at lower temperatures, the presented desalination technique may have huge potentials for the applications of low-cost and low-grade waste heat. Advantages of this capillary-driven desalination are discussed and results from the experimental prototype and industrial unit are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the novel method.

In this letter, we proposed a remote phosphor coating method by lens wetting for enhancing the angular color uniformity of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes. Simulations based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method were applied to investigate the geometry evolution of a phosphor gel droplet after being dropped onto the lens, and the stable geometry of the phosphor gel was obtained. Monte Carlo ray tracing was used to study the optical performance of LED samples with the stable phosphor geometries. Besides, experiments were conducted to verify the fabrication flexibility of the proposed method. The VOF simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can realize the hemispherical remote phosphor layers with uniform or non-uniform thickness by adjusting the coating volume. The optical simulations and the experimental measurements show that the LED samples with non-uniform thickness remote phosphor geometry achieves smaller correlated color temperature deviation (<;200 K at 5000 K) than the uniform thickness remote phosphor geometry.

The precise measurement of temperature information is of great importance in the thermal management of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Hitherto, many methods have been proposed to measure the LED temperature, but none of them involve with magnetics. Herein, we developed a noninvasive and precise method to probe the LED temperatures based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Detailed measurement principle and experimental setup were introduced. Through this setup, the heating and cooling characteristics of LEDs were investigated with different voltage inputs. It is found that higher voltage input leads to higher LED temperature. When the input voltage is 5.2 V, the LED temperature is 326.8 K. The present noninvasive and precise method supplements the existing techniques of temperature measurement in terms of magnetics and opens up new avenues to measure the temperature information where conventional approaches may fail.

报导了一套可利用电厂冷凝热的海水淡化系统,系统类似一个打开的环路热管,毛细抽吸力是系统运行的主要驱动力,该驱动力抽吸海水进入毛细芯中发生相变,推动产生的蒸汽进入冷凝器中冷凝成淡水,而不消耗额外电能.在粤电靖海发电有限公司建立一套示范系统,利用#2汽机低温抽汽(约60℃)作为热源,现场条件产水能力为58.3 L/h,产水TDS含量为40.3 mg/L,水质超过饮用水标准.毛细芯中的弯液面可以自适应外界热源,在55～70℃间都能自适应正常运行.

The ignition probabilities of liquid fuel mixed with nano‐sized particles were experimentally examined on a heated hot‐plate . Increased ignition probabilities of ethanol were found with the addition of Al2 O3 ,Fe3 O4 nanoparticle and carbon nanotube suspensions .T he magnitudes are mainly affected by the parameters of size , geometry and concentration , but independent of the type of material .Further theoretical analysis indicated that the increased ignition probabilities are due to the levitation of the liquid boiling point caused by the accumulation of nanoparticles near the liquid‐vapor interface .

对我国中部地区六大城市群2000-2010年的面板数据进行了单位根检验、σ收敛测算(用泰尔指数表示)和β收敛测算.σ收敛测算的结果表明:中部六大城市群区域内的经济差异是该区域整体经济差异的主要构成部分,六大城市群区域内差异和区域间差异存在较大差距,武汉城市圈、长株潭城市群和皖江城市带三大城市群的区域内差异对六大城市群的整体差异贡献较大.β收敛测算的结果表明:中部六大城市群的经济增长整体来看不存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,六大城市群的经济增长多呈发散趋势,区域差异在进一步扩大.

We demonstrate a novel capillary-driven seawater desalination system.The essence of the system is an open loop heat pipe.Seawater is evaporated at the outer surface of the wick structure of the "heat pipe", where a capillary pressure is developed as the driving force to ensure the continuous operation of the system.The produced vapor is then condensed into fresh water in a condenser.The difference from a regular heat pipe is that the evaporator is not fed back with the condensed water, but with seawater instead.With a heat source at 40ºC, the fresh water production rate is achieved up to 91.8 g/h for an effective evaporation area of 50.24 cm 2 .The TDS (total dissolvable solids) of the produced water is less than 30 mg/L, far beyond the standard for drinking water.For wide operation temperature adaptability, particularly, at low temperatures, the presented desalination technique may have big potentials for the use of low-cost and low-grade heat energy to produce fresh water.capillary force, heat pipe, desalination, waste heat harvesting

Increased ignition probabilities of ethanol are found on a heated hot-plate with the introduction of Al2O3, Fe3O4, and carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticle suspensions. We show that the mechanism is probably due to liquid fuel boiling point elevation caused by nanoparticle accumulation at liquid–vapor interfaces. The magnitudes of this impact are related to the number and geometry of nanoparticles but independent from the nanoparticle chemical compositions. These findings may have important applications for developing future alternative liquid fuels with advanced combustion characteristics.