Objective To study the role of Cx43 in X-ray induced apoptosis of HUVEC cells and its mechanism.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of HUVEC cells at 48-96 h after 10 Gy X-ray irradiation and at 72 h after irradiation of different doses.Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Cx43 and cleaved caspase-3 in HUVEC cells at 72 h after 0,5,10 and 20 Gy irradiation.Small interfering RNA was transfected into HUVEC cells to silence Cx43 expression,the Cx43 bearing plasmid was transfected into cells to overexpress Cx43.The effect of Cx43 knockdown or overexpression on apoptosis induction and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot,respectively.Results The apoptosis of HUVEC increased significantly from 48 h to 96 h after X-ray irradiation and in a dose-dependent manner at 72 h after irradiation.The expression of Cx43 protein was negatively correlated with the dose but the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was positively correlated with the dose in the range of 0-20 Gy.After Cx43 silencing,the proportion of early apoptosis and apoptosis combined with dead cells were significantly higher than that of the siRNA control group(t =3.674,6.375,P ＜ 0.05).After Cx43 overexpression,the proportion of early apoptosis and apoptosis combined with dead cells were significantly lower than that of vector control group(t =9.399,11.190,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of cleaved caspase-3 in the Cx43 silencing group was higher than that in the siRNA control group,but this protein in the Cx43 overexpressed group was lower than that in the vector control group.Conclusions Cx43 may protect X-ray irradiated HUVEC cells from apoptosis by down-regulating the activation of caspase-3.

Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) is one of the most well-known traditional Chinese herbal formulations. This study elucidates the pharmacokinetics of SJZD in rat plasma after the administration of a single oral dose of 3 mL/kg using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS) with bergapten as an internal standard. The separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) by elution with acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion modes was used to quantify six compounds, with monitored ion m/z values of 249.1397 [M + H]+ and 529.3857 [M + H]+ for atractylenolide III (ATL-III) and pachymic acid (PA), respectively, and m/z of 1107.6638 [M - H]- , 991.5746 [M - H + HCOO]- , 821.3714 [M - H]- , 469.3315 [M - H]- for ginsenoside Rb1, Re, glycyrrhizic acid (GL), and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), respectively. The calibration curves for ginsenoside Rb1 , Re, ATL-III, PA, GL and GA were 0.0015-0.75, 0.001-0.5, 0.0004-0.2, 0.003-0.9, 0.0015-0.3 and 0.001-1.5 μg/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) were <14.3%. The rapid, sensitive and specific UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS method developed and validated in this study was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the six components of SJZD using rat plasma for pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration.

Objective To observe the effect and the mechanisms of ferulic acid on radiationinduced damage of mice peripheral blood and bone marrow hematopoietic function.Methods Ninety-six mice were randomly divided into sham irradiation group,irradiation group,positive drug group and 10,30,90 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ferulic acid group,16 mice per group.Mice were exposed to 3.5 Gy γ-rays 24 h after first drug taken.Then,mice were given drugs for 7 d after irradiation.White blood cells in peripheral blood of 10 mice per group were counted 2 d before irradiation and 3,7,10,15 and 22 days after irradiation.The bone narrow of the other six mice was taken to detect the micronuclei frequency of polychromatic erythrocyte,the hematopoietic progenitor cell colony formation capacity,Thbd and HMGB1 protein expressions in mice bone marrow on the seventh day after irradiation.Results Compared with the irradiation alone group,the treatment of mice with ferulic acid 90 mg· kg-1 · d-1 increased the number of white blood cells in peripheral blood at 3,10,15 and 22 d after irradiation (t =2.267,2.399,1.945,2.828,P ＜ 0.05).Treatment with mice with ferulic acid 90 mg· kg-1 · d 1 decreased the micronuclei rate of erythrocytes in irradiated bone marrow (t =4.013,P ＜ 0.05),increased the clone numbers of CFU-E,BFU-E and CFU-GM of hematopoietic progenitor cells (t =2.366,2.953,3.115,P ＜0.05),improved the relative expression of the Thbd protein in bone marrow and the HMGB1 protein in nuclear (t =17.75,23.39,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Ferulilc acid could protect the bone marrow hematopoietic of mice exposed to irradiation by regulating the expressions of Thbd and HMGB1 protein,and then accelerate the peripheral cells recovery.

Objective To study the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle on immune system injury induced by γ-ray irradiation.Methods BALB/c nice were randomly divided into 6 groups (5 mice each group) including normal control,irradiation group,positive control group,100 mg/kg CeO2 nanoparticle group,300 mg/kg CeO2 nanoparticle group and 900 mg/kg CeO2 nanoparticle group.All mice were irradiated in whole body by 3.5 Gy 60Co γ-rays except the normal control group.They were treated with drugs by intragastrical administration from 2 weeks before exposure till death.The apoptosis rate of thymus lymphocytes and the positive rate of IL-2 and IFN-γin peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry.The activity of natural killer cells was examined by MTT.Results Compared with the irradiation control group,at 3 d after exposure,the death rates of thymus lymphocytes of the CeO2 nanoparticle groups were decreased,especially in the medium dose group (F =4.50,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of IFN-γof the medium dose group was also increased (t =2.26,P ＜ 0.05).At 8 d after irradiation,the death rate of the high dose group was declined significantly (F =4.07,P ＜ 0.05),the early apoptosis rate of low dose group were declined sharply (F =3.47,P ＜ 0.05),and the positive rate of IFN-γ of the medium dose group was increased significantly (t =2.47,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of IL-2 of CeO2 nanoparticle groups were all decreased,but had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).The activity of natural killer cells of the CeO2 nanoparticle groups and positive control group were higher than that of control (t =3.40,5.40,3.40,5.20,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Ce02 nanoparticle can reduce the death rate and the apoptosis rate of the thymus lymphocytes in the γ-ray irradiated mice by increasing the expressions of IL-2 and IFN-γ,the activity of natural killer cells and the mice immunity.CeO2 nanoparticles may have protective effects against radiation injury.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Sijunzi Tang on immune system damage and bone marrow damage in mice caused by ionizing radiation.Methods Eighty BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly by random number table method divided into normal control group, radiation group, and the other three groups of Sijunzi Tang at different dosages of 0.75, 2.25 and 6.75 g/kg, respectively.Radiation-damaged mouse model was single-irradiated by 3.5 Gy 60Co γ-rays.The spleen index, apoptosis of spleen cells, and the micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocyte were detected.Results At 7 d after irradiation, decrement of mouse spleen index were inhibited (t =-3.282, -6.386,-3.901, P ＜ 0.05) by all three dosages of Sijunzi Tang.Sijunzi Tang at the dosage of 2.25 g/kg reduced the early apoptosis of spleen cells at 3 d after irradiation (t =4.143, P ＜ 0.05) as well as late apoptosis of spleen cells at 7 d after irradiation (t =2.413, P ＜ 0.05).The micronucleus frequency of polychromatic erythrocyte was reduced by Sijunzi Tang dose-dependently (t =2.914,3.285,8.000, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sijunzi Tang could alleviate the damage caused by ionizing radiation and improve mouse immune and hematopoietic function through increasing spleen index, reducing spleen cells apoptosis and micronucleus frequency of polychromatic erythrocyte.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of malignant transformation in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D exposed to α-particles.Methods The levels of intracellular ROS and malonaldehyde (MDA) in BEP2D,RH22 (passage 22 of α-particle-irradiated BEP2D cells) and BERP35T-1 cells (derived from nude mice bearing malignant transformed cells generated from the passage 35 of α-particle-irradiated BEP2D cells) were assayed with DCFH-DA and MDA kit,respectively.The expressions of 8-OH-dG and γ-H2AX in BEP2D,RH23 (passage 23 of α-particle-irradiated BEP2D cells)and BERP35T-1 cells were also measured with immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.Results Compared to BEP2D cells,the levels of ROS ( t =4.30 and 3.94,P ＜ 0.05 ) and MDA ( t =4.89 and 15.10,P ＜0.05) increased in RH22 and BERP35T-1 cells.The expressions of 8-OH-dG (t =3.80 and 2.92,P ＜ 0.05 ) and γ-H2AX ( t =7.61 and 12.67,P ＜ 0.05 ) in RH23 and BERP35T-1 cells were also higher than those in BEP2D cells.Conclusions Oxidative stress induces lipid peroxidation and DNA damage leading to genomic instability,which could contribute to cellular malignant transforming process in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D with α-particle exposure.

Objective To investigate the antioxidant ability and radiosensitivity in the malignant transformed human bronchial epithelial cell line BEP2D induced by α-particle exposure.Methods Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX),Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione (GSH) assay kits were employed to detect GPX and CAT enzyme abilities and the levels of GSH in BEP2D,RH21 ( passage 21 of α-particle-irradiated BEP2D cells),and BERP35T-1 cells (derived from nude mice bearing malignant transformed cells generated from cells of passage 35 of α-particle-irradiated BEP2D cells).MTT assay were used to test the growth rate of BEP2D,RH21 and BERP35T-1 cells treated with 0,30,60,90,120,and 150 μmoL/L H2O2.Colony-forming test and MTT assay were used to examine the cell survival fraction and the growth rate of BEP2D,RH21 and BERP35T-1 cells exposed to 0,2,4,and 8 Gy of γ-rays,respectively.Results GPX and CAT enzyme activities in RH21 and BERP35T-1 cells were obviously lower than in BEP2D( t = 5.75-67.92 ,P ＜ 0.05 ).CAT enzyme activity in BERP35T-1 was lower than that in RH21 cells (t =22.25 ,P ＜0.01 ).Compared to BEP2D cells,decreased level of GSH was detected in BERP35T-1 cells(t = 7.76,P ＜ 0.05 ),but there was no change in RH21.After treatment with 30,60,90,120,and 150 μmol/L H2O2,the growth rates of BEP2D were all higher than those of BERP35T-1 cells(t = 10.37-58.36,P ＜0.01 ).Meanwhile,the growth rates of BEP2D were all higher than those of RH21 cells after treatment with 60,90,120,and 150 μ mol/L H2O2 (t = 29.90-84.68,P ＜ 0.01 ).In addition,compared to BEP2D cells,decreased cell survival fraction and growth rate of BERP35T-1 cells were observed after irradiation with 2,4,and 8 Gy of y-rays ( t = 5.87-34.17,P ＜ 0.05 ).The cell survival fraction and growth rate of RH21 were all lower than those of BEP2D cells at 4 and 8 Gy post-irradition( t =6.33- 45.00,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The function of antioxidant system decreased in the α-particleinduced transformed cells,which could contribute to the acceleration of cellular malignant transforming process and radiosensitivity.

Objective To investigate the protection function of Anduolin (ADL) against exposure to high power microwave,and to probe the mechanism involved.Methods The SPF-class nude rats were randomly divided into ADL groups (Dose of 3,6 and 9 g/kg body weight),model group and control group.Rats in ADL groups were continuously ingested with ADL for 20 d.The rats in ADL groups and model group were exposed to high power microwave at average power density of 100 mW/cm2 for 10 min.Their testes were excised at 24 h,48 h and 5 d after exposure to microwave.Apoptosis of spormatogenic cells and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected with in situ end-labeling method and immuno-histochemistry method,respectively.Results At 24 h,48 h and 5 d after exposure to high power microwave,compared with control group,the counts of apoptotic spermatagenic cells in exposed model group were increased significantly (t=-41.89,-11.29 and -62.24,P＜0.05),while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in exposed group was decreased significantly( t=8.49,4.36 and 4.47,P＜0.05).At the same time,compared with the exposed group,the counts of apoptotie spormatogenic cells in 3,6,and 9 g/kg ADL groups were reduced significandy( F=5.25,9.79 and 15.35,P＜0.05),while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was enhanced significandy( F=20.17,11.75 and 11.98,P＜0.05).Conclusions The high power microwave could induce the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.ADL protect the spermatogenic cells via the ratio Bel-2/Bax increasing.

Objective To study the effects of anduolin against the damage of microwave irradiation.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 2 control groups(a normal control group and a model control group) and 2 treatment groups.Rats in treatment groups were orally administrated with anduolin for 30 days and then exposed to microwave irradiation.Biological indices of spermatic system and behavioral indices of nerve system were examined 24 hours after irradiation.Results Sperm count in rats of the model control group was significantly lower than that of the normal control group(P0.05).Sperm count in rats of the 2 treatment groups was higher than that in the model control group but only treatment group of 12 g/kg significantly incnesed(P0.05).Activities of sperm in the treatment groups were normal.Y-maze tests showed that the numbers of error within 3 minutes in 2 treatment groups were significantly lower than those in model control group(P0.05).Conclusion Anduolin can remarkably decrease the damage of spermatic system and nerve system induced by microwave irradiation.

Objective To investigate the toxicological effects of long-term exposure to mixed dust containing radiothorium rare earth on workers.Methods Single cell gel electrophomsis was used to examine the DNA comet length of peripheral blood lymphocytes,and then to evaluate the DNA damage degree according to the comet length.The lymphocyte cell method was used to examine the micronucleus formation rate of peripheral blood lymphocyte.Lung function instrumental MiCROSPRO HI-198 was used to determine the lung ventilation function.Result For exposure group and control group.the average values of comet length were(40.2±4.14)μm and(39.5±2.54)μm,respectively,while the frequency of micronucleus formation were(2.71±2.04)‰ and(0.79±0.91)‰.The lung function barrier formation were 70.9%and 64.9%,which means the exposure group was higher than that of control.Conclusions Mine mixed dust containing radiothofium rare earth may have certain toxicology eriects on the professional workers.

Objective To study the effect of thorium and rare earth mixed dust on chromosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of occupational exposed worker8.Methods Analyses of unstable chromosome aberrations on 53 occupational exposed worker8 and 58 control workers were carried out by the conventional Giemsa staining method.Fluorescence in situ hybridization method Wills performed to analyze the chromosome stable aberrations on 10 occupational exposed workers and 10 control workers.Results The frequencies of chromosomal aberration cells,dicentfics plus rings,total aberrations in exposed workers were significantly higher than those in controls.No significant difference was found in the frequency of acentric aberrations between exposed and non-exposed workers.No significant difference was found in the frequency of translocations between exposed and non-exposed workers.Conclusions Chronically occupational exposure to thorium and rare earthmixed dust can increase the induction of unstable chromosome aberration,but the increase of stable chromosome aberrations(translocation)can not be observed.

Objective To investigate the changes of antioxidase and malondialdehyde in serum of workers occupationally exposed to thorium and rare earth mixture dust.Methods The concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA),activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD) in serum of peripheral blood were respectively examined by a spectrophotometer.Results The concentrations of MDA[(9.74±3.60)μmol/L] were higher in dust-exposed group than those in the control group [(6.90±2.87) μmol/L,P0.001].The concentrations of MDA in dust-exposed group increased with working ages(r=0.248,P=0.038).The activities of POD [(10.65±5.94)×103 U/L]were lower in dust-exposed group than those in the control group [(22.73±11.64) ×103 U/L,P0.001].No differences were found in the activities of SOD and CAT between these two groups.Conclusion The thorium rare earth mixture dust could induce the increase of MDA level and the decrease of POD activity of serum in workers occupationally exposed to dust.

To investigate the apoptotic effect in K562 cells exposed to cerium chloride,apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry and apoptosis morphology was detected with fluorescence microscopy.K562 cells were exposed to different concentrations of cerium chloride(0,0.5,1,3,15,30,90, 150,250 and 500 mg/L,respectively) and then apoptosis was examined after 24h, 48h and 72h.Cerium chloride-induced apoptosis frequency increased at 3mg/L for 24h and at 500mg/L for 48h(p0.05),and decreased at 30,150 and 250mg/L for 24h(p0.05).K562 cell apoptosis induced by cerium cloride not only relates to its dosage but also to the working time.

目的 探讨含钍稀土混合粉尘对职业暴露人员血清细胞因子白细胞介素2、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子以及血液学常规的影响.方法 采用放射免疫法分析血清细胞因子白细胞介素2、白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)活性;全自动血球分析仪分析血液学常规指标.数据进行组间比较,t检验判断两组差异是否具有统计学意义.结果 血清白细胞介素2含量粉尘暴露组和非暴露组分别为(2.267±1.032)pg/ml和(4.608±1.411)pg/ml,白细胞介素6分别为(66.55±27.22)pg/ml和(124.3±56.32)pg/ml,粉尘暴露组低于正常参考值(试剂盒提供)和明显低于非暴露组;两组血清TNF活性分别为(0.96±0.33)ng/ml和(0.84±0.35)ng/ml,两组均在正常参考值范围,但粉尘暴露组明显高于对照组.14项血液学常规指标中有5项的阳性率两组之间差异有统计学意义.结论 长期暴露于含钍稀土混合粉尘对职业人员的免疫功能和血液系统可能产生一定影响.

随着工业和电子信息科学的发展,家用电器等的普及,普通居民接触电磁辐射的机会也越来越多.长期接触电磁辐射是否会影响健康,如何进行有效的防护以及减轻其生物学效应,是人们普遍关注的问题.因此,近年来大量研究工作表明:电磁辐射可对生物体造成不同伤害[1-5],但目前国内外还非常缺少治疗电磁辐射的药物或防护剂.笔者对已获得国家生产批号的中药安多霖胶囊进行了实验观察。