People who exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation chronically could have an increased risk of lens opacity. It is very important to clarify the mechanism of lens opacity induced by low-dose ionizing radiation for the prevention and early intervention of cataract. This paper describes the experiments that human lens epithelial cells SRA01/04 were irradiated with 0.2 Gy 137 Cs and 2 Gy 60 Co γ-rays. Differentially expressed mRNAs were screened by gene chip technology at 48 h after irradiation, 3 690, 3 304, and 3 970 differentially expressed genes were identified in 0.2 Gy vs 2 Gy, 0.2 Gy vs 0 Gy, 2 Gy vs 0 Gy groups respectively. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the majority of these genes are associated with oxidative phosphorylation, cell proliferation and adhesion pathways. The expression of genes（PIM1, HMGB1, BRE, JUN） related to cell proliferation in SRA01/04 and HLE-B3 cells were verified by real-time PCR at 24 h and 48 h after different doses of γ-rays. The results showed that in both cell lines, the expression levels of PIM1, HMGB1, and BRE at most low-dose irradiated groups were significantly higher than those in the non-irradiated group at 24 h after irradiation, and still showed an increasing trend at 48 h after irradiation. However, at 48 h after 2 Gy irradiation, gene expression levels decreased significantly or returned to baseline. The results showed that low-dose ionizing radiation induces significant alterations of mRNAs expression in human lens epithelial cells, the differentially expressed genes play some roles in series of important biological processes and functional pathways, which could be useful to reveal molecular mechanisms of low-dose ionizing radiation induced lens opacification or cataract.

放射性核素通过不同方式进入植物,对植物的生物效应产生一定影响,具体包括对植物群落、个体、抗逆性、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性产生不同的影响,表现在植物主要通过根、茎、叶、花果吸附、富集放射性核素;放射性核素的同位素锶、铯、铀对植物的胁迫引起植物叶绿素减少、抗氧化酶活性改变,导致植物活力下降.了解和掌握放射性核素对植物的生物效应及机制,一方面为植物修复提供理论基础,另一方面可根据植物的某项生理、生化指标改变作为放射性污染的指示标志物,为预测预警提供技术支持.本文从宏观到微观,从植物群落、个体效应、植物根吸收、植物抗性到植物的酶类几个方面,就放射性核素对植物生物效应的研究状况进行综述.

本文介绍了当前主流非人类物种辐射剂量评估的方法.详细介绍了欧盟推荐的ERICA方法和美国核能管理委员会的RESRAD-BIOTA方法的原理、参考生物、涉及核素、筛选流程和计算公式.比较两种评价方法在参考生物的选择和涉及核素的种类上的异同,同时列举国内外应用实例对两种方法进行了比较,探讨两种方法在剂量估算和评价中的异同性:多个应用实例表明两种方法均是有效的评价手段,评估结果的差异来自评估过程中参数的差异,RESRAD-BIOTA方法的评价结果偏保守,ERICA方法参数和参考生物的选择均可以进行自定义,可根据不同的需要选择不同的评估方法.

目的:研究绿萝、吊兰和吊竹梅对锶的富集和迁移情况,以及锶处理对植物吸收其他6种主要营养元素的影响.方法:采用水培扦插方式培养3种植物,每种植物设置1个对照组和3个水培液锶(浓度分别为1、2和3 mmol/L)处理组,每组培养绿萝和吊竹梅各4株,吊兰3株,整个实验在光照培养箱中进行,各组实验条件保持一致,实验周期为28 d.采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪检测植物根、茎、叶组织中钙、铁、钾、镁、磷、硫和锶元素的含量.结果:在3 mmol/L锶处理下,3种植物根、茎、叶组织中的锶含量与对照相比显著升高(P＜0.05).从植物各组织中的锶质量分数来看,w锶,吊竹梅叶＞w锶,绿萝叶＞w锶,吊兰叶,w锶,吊竹梅茎＞w锶,绿萝茎,w锶,吊竹梅根＞w锶,吊兰根.随水培液中锶浓度的增加,植物组织中钙和铁含量呈显著降低趋势(P＜0.05).吊竹梅叶、茎和吊兰叶的迁移系数(TF)在0.36～2.54之间,在1 mmol/L锶处理下吊竹梅叶和茎的TF最高,分别达到2.54和2.33,随水培液中锶浓度的增加,其TF呈下降趋势.结论:对比3种实验植物,吊竹梅可作为锶污染水体修复的备选植物.水体中锶含量的增加可降低植物根系对钙和铁的吸收和富集.

目的:研究TGF-β1对UVB诱导的人角质形成细胞(HaCaT)中miRNA及炎症反应蛋白环氧合酶-2(COX-2)表达的影响,探讨TGF-β1与紫外辐射诱导的细胞损伤、炎症反应、肿瘤发生等的关系.方法:将10 ng/μL的TGF-β1加入HaCaT细胞培养基中,作用48 h后,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测0、10、20、30 mJ/cm2 UVB照射后6 h,以及30 mJ/cm2 UVB照射不同时间(4、12和24 h)后HaCaT细胞内miRNA-23a和let-7c的表达水平;采用Western blot方法检测30 mJ/cm2 UVB照射不同时间(0、2、4、8、12、24和48 h)后HaCaT细胞中COX-2和caspase-3蛋白表达水平的变化.结果:TGF-β1预先处理可诱导HaCaT细胞在UVB照射后,细胞中miR-23a的表达增加,let-7c的表达受到抑制;TGF-β1预先作用细胞后,COX-2的表达水平明显增加(P<0.05),活化的caspase-3亚基自照射后12 h开始随时间延长而减少.结论:TGF-β可以调节紫外线照射后HaCaT细胞miRNAs的表达水平,诱导COX-2的表达增加,在细胞增殖和浸润、炎症反应及细胞抗凋亡中发挥作用.

OBJECTIVE:To develop new,safe and effective radioprotectors,the protective effects from different water extracts ofCarthamustinctorius were investigated.METHODS:Safflower water extract was prepared with distilled water at 60 ℃ and isolated by HP-20 macroporous resin. Water elution fraction,30%,50%,70% and 95% ethanol elution fractions were separated for the study. The free radical scavenging ability of the different extraction fractions were evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the survival rate of human liver L02 cells in vitro. Flow cytometry was applied to study apoptosis,cell cycle and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax of 60human lymphocyte AHH-1 after Co ay irradiation.RESULTS:The ESR results showed that all the different effective parts of safflower water extract had the ability to scavenge free radicals,with IC50 at 1.7-79.7 mg/mL. The survival rates from the 30% and 50% ethanol elution were 128.3% and 130.9% by the CCK-8 assay. The survival rates were significantly higher than the irradiated group and suggested that the two parts had equal radioprotection effect to the water extract of safflower. The decreased apoptosis rate of AHH-1 cells: the 30% fraction (15.3%±1.6%) and the 50% fraction(15.2%±1.9%) were significantly lower than that of the irradiation group (24.7%±4.4%) (P<0.01). The results of AHH-1 cell cycle analysis showed that the 30% and 50% ethanol elution fractions had significant improvements in the G2/M phase block that was induced by irradiation (P<0.01). At the same time,the two fractions increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (P<0.05) and inhibited the cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION:Our data show that the 30% and 50% ethanol elution 60fractions had good radioprotective effects for L02 and AHH-1 cells which were irradiated with Coγrays. The mechanism for the protection may be related to the elimination of free radicals,the improvement of G2/M cell cycle block,and the regulation Bcl-2/Bax ratio in order to inhibit cell apoptosis. The two fractions should be further studied as potentially safe and effective radioprotectors.

目的:研究紫外线A（UVA）辐射对人角质形成细胞（Ha Ca T）活力和凋亡的影响及损伤机制。方法:采用不同剂量（1、5、210、20、30、40 J/cm）UVA照射Ha Ca T细胞建立急性UVA损伤细胞模型;采用四甲基噻唑蓝（MTT）法及流式细胞术分别检测UVA照射后对细胞活力和凋亡的影响;免疫荧光和Western blot分别检测细胞内γH2AX焦点形成及其蛋白表达水平;原子力显微镜直接观2测DNA损伤断裂情况。结果:与对照组相比,5~30 J/cm范围内,细胞活力随UVA照射剂量的增加而降低（P＜0.05）,且呈现剂量-效2应关系（r=0.982,P=0.009）;UVA照射后20 h细胞凋亡率在10~40 J/cm明显增加且有一定的量-效关系（r=0.936,P=0.008）。在30和402 2J/cm UVA照射后,免疫荧光也可观察到明显的焦点形成;不同剂量照射后均可检测到磷酸化γH2AX蛋白的表达,在5和10 J/cm2UVA照射时磷酸化γH2AX蛋白表达增强最为明显;原子力显微镜观察到在30和40 J/cm UVA照射后细胞DNA与对照组相比有明显的断裂,并出现许多断片。结论:UVA可诱导DNA链断裂,引起细胞损伤,从而促进Ha Ca T细胞凋亡并抑制其存活。

采用CCK-8试剂盒检测不同终浓度(0、5、25、50、250和500 μg/mL)四君子汤及其单味组份作用48 h对AHH-1细胞的毒性作用,以及不同终浓度(0、0.4、2、10和50 μg/mL)四君子汤及其单味组份预处理AHH-1细胞2h后对经4 Gy60Coγ射线照射的细胞存活的影响.将BALB/c小鼠80只,雌雄各半,随机分为阴性对照组、照射对照组、四君子汤低剂量组(0.75 g/kg)、四君子汤中剂量组(2.25 g/kg)、四君子汤高剂量组(6.75g/kg),检测各组照后3天和7天的外周血白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板数量,以及照前7天至照后7天小鼠体重的变化,研究四君子汤对60Coγ射线照射引起的小鼠体重及外周血象的影响.结果显示,与对照细胞相比,5、25和50 μg/mL四君子汤及其单味组份作用于AHH-1细胞48 h对细胞存活无明显影响(p＞0.05),但50 μg/mL四君子汤可显著提高受照后24 h AHH-1细胞的存活率(p＜0.05).四君子汤中剂量组小鼠外周血白细胞数与照射对照组相比显著升高(p＜0.01),并且四君子汤中剂量组能明显减弱受照小鼠外周血血小板数的降低,同时四君子汤可以减轻辐射损伤所致的体重下降.上述研究结果表明,四君子汤对受照射AHH-1细胞具有一定的辐射损伤防护作用;四君子汤通过影响受照射后小鼠造血系统,促进体重恢复,减轻辐射所致损伤.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Sijunzi Tang on immune system damage and bone marrow damage in mice caused by ionizing radiation.Methods Eighty BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly by random number table method divided into normal control group, radiation group, and the other three groups of Sijunzi Tang at different dosages of 0.75, 2.25 and 6.75 g/kg, respectively.Radiation-damaged mouse model was single-irradiated by 3.5 Gy 60Co γ-rays.The spleen index, apoptosis of spleen cells, and the micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocyte were detected.Results At 7 d after irradiation, decrement of mouse spleen index were inhibited (t =-3.282, -6.386,-3.901, P ＜ 0.05) by all three dosages of Sijunzi Tang.Sijunzi Tang at the dosage of 2.25 g/kg reduced the early apoptosis of spleen cells at 3 d after irradiation (t =4.143, P ＜ 0.05) as well as late apoptosis of spleen cells at 7 d after irradiation (t =2.413, P ＜ 0.05).The micronucleus frequency of polychromatic erythrocyte was reduced by Sijunzi Tang dose-dependently (t =2.914,3.285,8.000, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sijunzi Tang could alleviate the damage caused by ionizing radiation and improve mouse immune and hematopoietic function through increasing spleen index, reducing spleen cells apoptosis and micronucleus frequency of polychromatic erythrocyte.

Objective For developing safe and effective anti-radiation new drugs,the effects of different lipoic acid amino acid salts on radiosensitivity were investigated.Methods The free radical scavenging ability of the above salts was evaluated in Fenton system.CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry assay were performed to evaluate the survival rate of L02 and apoptosis of AHH-1 after γ-ray irradiation,respectively.Results The lipoic acid arginine salt had the best ability of scavenging free radicals in Fenton system with an IC50 of 8.40 μ moL/ml.The survival assay showed that lipoic acid amino acid salts had better stability and equal ability in radioprotection (P ＞ 0.05) compared with lipoic acid.The apoptosis assay indicated that all lipoic acid amino acid salts could inhibit radiation-induced apoptosis,where lipoic acid arginine salt was more effective (t =-6.67,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Lipoic acid arginine salt has good radioprotection effect on L02 and AHH-1 cells by scavenging free radicals.

OBJECTIVE: To find anti-tumor effective fractions of Carthamus tinctorius,and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of its different effective fractions observed. METHODS:Cytotoxicity of six samples of safflower extract isolated by macroporous resin were evaluated in vitro against K562(human leukemia cancer),SMMC7721(human liver cancer),HeLa(human cervical cancer),H1299 and A549(human lung cancer) by CCK-8 assay. Concentration-effect curves and IC values were calculated. RESULTS:Safflower samples showed better cytotoxicity against H1299 and A54950with IC values of 16.24 to 189.86 μg/mL,and moderate cytotoxic activity or no activity against K562,SMMC7721 and50HeLa. Insoluble fractions of safflower extract had better cytotoxic activity than water-soluble fractions. 95% alcohol elution fraction of the safflower extract had obvious cytotoxicity against five kinds of tumor cell lines with IC values of 16.24 to5066.51 μg/mL. CONCLUSION:Safflower extract could inhibit a variety of cancer cells,especially human lung cancer cell. The effective fraction may be the fat soluble components.

Objective To investigate the dose-effect relationship of mRNA level of sensitive mitochondrial genes in human lymphoblastoid cells induced by ionizing radiation.Methods Seven human sensitive genes,including ND3,Cyt b,COX Ⅰ,COX Ⅱ,COX Ⅲ,ATPase6 and ATPase8 were chosen.Changes of mRNA level of these genes were detected by RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR at 24 h after irradiation in human lymphoblastoid cells,which were exposed to 0 - 15 Gy of 60 Co γ-rays.Results The expression of these 7 genes at mRNA level was up-regulated 24 h after irradiation in human lymphoblastoid cells.The level of gene expression of COX Ⅰ,which belongs to complex Ⅳ of mitochondrial respiratory chain,was most obvious,and the peak occurred after irradiation of 8 Gy,which was 13 times of the control group.A good dose-effect relationship was showed for COX Ⅲ gene expression at dose range of 3 -10 Gy as well as 3 - 15 Gy for other 3 genes including ND3,ATPase6 and ATPase8.Conclusions Gene expression levels of COX Ⅲ,ND3,ATPase6 and ATPase8 24h post-irradiation at certain irradiation dose range could be used for radiation damage biomarkers.

This study is to explore the changes of human mitochondrial Cyt b,ATPase 6 and ATPase 8 genes expression induced by 60Co γ-rays irradiation. The dose-effect relationships between expression changes of the genes and the absorbed doses were analyzed by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription PCR) and Real-time PCR at 8 h after the irradiation in human lymphoblastoid cell lines,which were exposed to 1—10 Gy 60Co γ-rays. The changes of these genes expression were also analyzed at different post-radiation time-points between 0.5 h and 72 h after irradiation of 5 Gy to explore the time-effect relationships. The results showed that the expression of 3 genes were up-regulated comprehensively. A good dose-effect relationship was showed for Cyt b and ATPase 8 at dose range of 0—8 Gy. For the time-effect after irradiation,the expression levels of 3 genes were up-regulated generally and the peak change time-point was 4 h after irradiation. 60Co γ-rays irradiation might induce the changes of mitochondrial Cyt b,ATPase 6 and ATPase 8 genes expression,and these genes expression are up-regulated generally.

This study is to explore the changes of human mitochondrial complex Ⅰ(ND)genes expression induced by ionizing irradiation.Changes of human ND genes expression were detected by RT-PCR and real-time PCR 8 h after irradiation in human lymphoblastoid cell lines,which were exposed to 1—10 Gy ~(60)Co γ-rays.And the dose-effect relationships between expression changes of the genes and the doses were analyzed.The changes of these genes expression were also analyzed at different post-radiation time-points between 0.5 h and 72 h after irradiation of 5 Gy in order to explore the time-effect.The results showed that the expression of ND were up-regulated comprehensively.A good dose-effect relationship was showed for ND2 and ND3,at 0—8 Gy and 0—3 Gy,respectively.For the time-effect after irradiation,the gene expression levels of all 7 ND genes up-regulated generally and the peak change time-point was 4 h after irradiation.Ionizing radiation might induce the changes of mitochondrial ND gene expression,and the ND gene expression levels are up-regulated.

Objective To explore the changes of human mitochondrial COX Ⅰ , COX Ⅱ and COX Ⅲ genes expression induced by ionizing irradiation. Methods Changes of human COX genes expression were detected by RT-PCR and Real-time PCR 8 h after the irradiation in human lymphoblastoid cell lines,which were exposed to 1-10 Gy60Co γ-rays. The protein levels were detected by flow cytometry and the COX activity was measured by colorimetry. The dose-effect relationships between the expression changes of the genes and the doses were established. The changes of these genes expression were also analyzed at different post-radiation time-points between 0. 5 h and 72 h after irradiation of 5 Gy in order to explore the time-effect. Results The expression of 3 genes at mRNA level was up-regulated. A good dose-effect relationship was showed for COXⅠ and COX Ⅲ at dose range of 0-3 Gy and 0-8 Gy for COX Ⅱ ( F COXⅠ=116. 62, FCOXⅡ = 17. 89, FCOXⅢ = 8.20, P ＜ 0. 05). For the time-effect after irradiation, the gene expression levels of COX Ⅱ and COX Ⅲ genes were up-regulated and the peak change occurred at 4 h after irradiation. For COX Ⅰ gene, the mRNA expression levels were down-regulated during 0.5-72 h( FCOXⅠ =31.99, FCOXⅡ = 19.47, FCOXⅢ = 20. 64, P ＜0. 05 ). At the protein level, the levels of COX Ⅰ and COX Ⅱ were lowered in lower doses and enhanced in higher doses, and the levels of COX Ⅲ were decreased at all dose levels (FCOX Ⅰ = 16.96, FCOXⅡ = 32.5, FCOXⅢ = 6. 51, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The protein levels of COX Ⅰ and COX Ⅱ were enhanced during 4-72 h and 8-72 h respectively after 5 Gy irradiation ( FCOX Ⅰ = 14.68,FCOXⅡ = 17. 18, FCOXⅢ =2. 52, P ＜0. 05). The activities of COX were lowered at different dose levels and different time-points. Conclusions Ionizing radiation might induce the changes in mitochondrial COX Ⅰ,COX Ⅱ and COX Ⅲ gene expression, and lead to the reduction of the COX activities.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the changes of GDF15 mRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cells induced by ionizing radiation,in order to provide scientific evidence for gene expression as a biomarker in radiobiodosimetry. METHODS: Lymphoblastoid cells were irradiated by 60Co γ-rays with doses ranging from 0 to 15 Gy,and cultivated for different periods from 4 to 72 hours. The GDF15 mRNA levels in lymphoblastoid cells were analyzed with real-time PCR. RESULTS: After irradiation,the GDF15 mRNA level was enhanced gradually to peak at some dose,and then decreased in all time groups except the 12 h group. In the 12 h group,the GDF mRNA level increased significantly; the dose-effect fitted a linear model: y=1.046 9x+0.527 8(R2=0.945 7,P0.05). The changes of GDF15 mRNA levels varied at different time-points. After irradiation of 8 Gy,GDF15 mRNA level rose significantly and peaked at 12 h. CONCLUSION: The enhanced GDF15 mRNA level induced by ionizing radiation depended on the exposed dose and duration.