Accidental oil spills and oily wastewater discharge pose serious environmental challenges, especially in complex oil-water systems and in the recovery of high-viscosity crude oil. A photothermally responsive methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS)-modified TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF)/carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CCNT) composite aerogel (TCM) was fabricated via ambient drying for efficient oil-water separation and crude oil recovery. A three-dimensional crosslinked network was constructed through Fe3+-mediated coordination between carboxyl groups on TOCNF and CCNT, followed by solvent exchange and MTCS hydrophobic modification. CCNT not only reinforced the aerogel framework but also endowed the material with excellent photothermal conversion capability. Owing to its abundant porous structure and strong photothermal effect, TCM exhibited high absorption capacities of 12.88-27.56 g·g-1 for common organic solvents and oils, and enabled rapid absorption and continuous recovery of high-viscosity crude oil under light irradiation. In addition, TCM maintained good structural stability after repeated use, achieving a separation efficiency of 99% for W/O emulsions and approximately 80% for O/W emulsions. This work provides an effective strategy for preparing high-performance nanocellulose-based photothermal aerogels by ambient drying and offers a promising approach for the treatment of complex oil-water systems and high-viscosity crude oil.

Paper-based materials, primarily composed of cellulose, are widely employed in packaging applications. However, their high hydrophilicity and porosity severely limit their barrier performance. As physical coatings, emulsions can be effectively combined with nanocellulose to improve system stability and coating barrier properties, offering significant potential for sustainable packaging. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with excellent dispersibility, high crystallinity (62.61%), and good thermal stability were selected and incorporated into an acrylate emulsion characterized by uniform hydrodynamic particle size (116.79 ± 1.90 nm) and outstanding film-forming ability to construct CNC-acrylate composite emulsions. The optimized composite emulsion containing 1 wt% CNCs (C/E-1%) exhibited superior uniformity and stability, forming smooth and continuous coatings that effectively mitigated the surface defects of raw paper. Consequently, C/E-1% coating achieved excellent water and oil resistance (Cobb value: 3.77 g·m-2; Kit value: 12), outperforming both pure CNC coatings (Cobb value: 69.20 g·m-2, Kit value: 8) and pure acrylate coatings (Cobb value:12.87 g·m-2, Kit value: 12). Additionally, C/E-1% demonstrated high tensile strength (55.0 MPa) and excellent long-term stability. This work provides an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for fabricating high-performance emulsions for paper-based materials, offering new opportunities for advanced and sustainable packaging applications.

Silicon (Si) is regarded as a leading candidate for next-generation lithium-ion battery anodes due to its exceptionally high theoretical capacity. However, the low Li-ion conductivity caused by its intrinsic semiconducting nature, combined with severe volume expansion during cycling, severely limits its practical application. In this work, a pre-lithiation binder, lithium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Li), for Si nanoparticle (SiNP) anodes is synthesized through controlled acid hydrolysis and subsequent Li+/H+ ion exchange of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). The CMC-Li binder maintains the superior binding capability of CMC-Na by forming a mechanically robust network owing to hydrogen and chemical bonding with Si particles. Furthermore, by supplying lithium sources, CMC-Li binder effectively shortens Li+ diffusion pathways and stabilizes solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, enabling efficient ionic transport across electrode components. As expected, results from electrochemical testing indicate that Si@CMC-Li exhibits a significantly higher Li+ diffusion coefficient (D+ Li) than Si@CMC-Na during battery operation. Simultaneously, compared to the CMC-Na binder, the CMC-Li binder improved the cycling stability of the SiNP anode. This pre-lithiation binder offers a critical solution for realizing practical Si anodes in high-energy-density Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs).

To address marine oil spills, developing highly efficient recovery technologies for high-viscosity crude oil has become a research priority. This study employs processed, delignified lightweight wood (WA) as a substrate. Through in-situ polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) and coating modification with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a composite aerogel (PDMS@PPy@WA) was successfully developed, exhibiting superhydrophobicity, rapid thermal responsiveness, and outstanding stability. This material fully preserves the three-dimensional porous framework of wood, exhibiting lightweight and highly permeable structural characteristics. It demonstrates a water contact angle as high as 159.30° and possesses rapid heating capabilities under both photothermal and electrothermal dual-drive conditions. Under 1-sun solar irradiance (1 kW/m2), the material surface temperature can rise to 82.4 °C within 2 min. When driven by a 6 V voltage, it can similarly reach 82.6 °C within 2 min via the Joule heating effect. Additionally, this aerogel exhibits outstanding mechanical and chemical stability, withstanding pressures equivalent to 3,780 times its own weight. It maintains stable performance after 72 h of immersion in strong acid or strong alkali environments. Based on green, renewable biomass feedstocks and employing a streamlined functionalization strategy, this work provides a sustainable material solution with application potential for efficient, all-weather crude oil recovery.

The traditional polymer-induced risks have gradually come into public view. Polysaccharides and their derivatives have shown potential in replacing traditional polymers. However, polysaccharide-derived materials generally exhibit a single function, limiting their application. Here, cellulose acetate-based composite films were developed by integrating Kraft lignin (KL). The resultant films not only retain the UV resistance and antioxidation properties of lignin but also possess the exceptional swelling resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical performance of cellulose acetate (CA). The sample CAL3 has shown high blocking properties of 95% and 100% at the UVA and UVB regions, respectively. In terms of mechanical performance, the CAL3 has an elongation at break of 75%, tensile strength of 53 MPa, and Young's modulus of 70.7 MPa. After 240 h of UV irradiation, all composite films maintained stability in mechanical performance, transparency, and UV-blocking properties. Such versatile composites hold potential in various fields, including construction, daily protection, plastic packaging, agriculture, and beyond.

Plant secondary cell walls constitute the dominant reservoir of renewable biomass, comprising tightly packed cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin at the nanoscale. Recent advances in solid-state NMR spectroscopy and the availability of small-angle X-ray scattering for biomass characterization have led to an accumulation of experimental data on cell wall organization, yet no explicit structure model has simultaneously satisfied both X-ray and NMR observations. Using wheat straw as a model system, we propose a structural framework consistent with current knowledge of cellulose biosynthesis, X-ray scattering data, and one- and two-dimensional 13C solid-state NMR spectra. In this model, 18-chain elementary fibrils align in parallel and populate the cross-section at random. Arabinose-substituted xylan shows no conformational dependence for cellulose-binding in wheat, and only a minor fraction of 2-fold xylan appears in close proximity to cellulose, unlike in Arabidopsis, where xylan is more tightly attached to the cellulose surface. While NMR data cannot unambiguously resolve the internal arrangement of the 18 glucan chains, X-ray scattering profiles uniquely constrain the fibril size and exclude the possibility of tight bundling in the intact walls. The specific interaction between the matrix polymers and the cellulose elementary fibrils must be reconsidered in light of the small interfibril spaces, which bring the matrix components into spatial proximity with cellulose even in the absence of attractive interactions. These findings provide fundamental molecular-level insight into cellulose fibril architecture and matrix-polymer interactions, resolving longstanding discrepancies between spectroscopic and scattering data and advancing our understanding of biopolymer assembly into structurally and functionally versatile lignocellulosic biomaterials.

Hydrovoltaic electricity generator (HEG) offers a promising solution for sustainable energy harvesting from ubiquitous water sources, yet achieving simultaneously high efficiency, long‐term durability, and recyclability remains a major challenge. Here, a scalable, cost‐effective strategy is reported to construct dual‐asymmetric aerogels (DAAs) via ionic cross‐linking and ambient drying (IC‐AD) method using oppositely charged nanocelluloses and amino‐functionalized carbon nanotubes. The Janus architecture features a heterogeneous pore structure and ionizable group polarity differences across bilayer interfaces, enabling sustained water transport and directional ion migration. Compared with freeze‐dried systems, the IC‐AD method significantly enhances the aerogel's wet strength and structural integrity, facilitating stable energy output. The DAA HEG exhibits a high output voltage of 736 mV and a peak power density of 0.96 µW cm −2 , maintaining stable performance over 22 h and multiple cycles. When operated in seawater, the HEG achieves enhanced output (840 mV, 5.74 µW cm −2 ) with excellent tolerance to salinity. Beyond energy harvesting, the DAA demonstrates excellent solar steam generation (1.97 kg m −2 h −1 ) with long‐term salt resistance, enabling effective seawater desalination. This work presents an integrated aerogel platform with synergistic hydroelectric and photothermal performance, offering a promising and transformative strategy for scalable, sustainable, high‐performance energy harvesting and water treatment technologies.

Transition metals such as Fe3+ and Cu2+ are essential for fundamental biological processes, yet their excess can trigger diverse symptoms and diseases. Therefore, precise detection of Fe3+/Cu2+ via real-time and visual analytical techniques is urgently required. In this work, cellulose-based fluorescent material was designed via Steglich esterification by grafting perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) onto cellulose acetate (CA) backbone. The resulting materials (CA-PTCA) exhibited bright yellow fluorescence, which was quenched in the presence of Fe3+/Cu2+, providing a highly sensitive detection platform. The fluorescence quenching by Fe3+ occurs via a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism with CA-PTCA, while that by Cu2+ proceeds through coordination. Moreover, the excellent processability of the CA backbone enables CA-PTCA to be fabricated into diverse material forms, including inks, coatings, films, aerogels, and fibers, all of which retain outstanding fluorescence properties. This work highlights the potential of cellulose-based fluorescent materials for multifunctional applications in sensing and information encryption.

Lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNFs) are promising bio-based nanofillers for constructing multifunctional polymer composite films, yet their efficient production from raw lignocellulosic biomass remains challenging. Herein, microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent pretreatment (MW-DES) coupled with high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was used to produce LCNFs from giant reed (Arundo donax L.). An acidic benzyltrimethylammonium chloride/oxalic acid dihydrate (BTMAC/OAD) DES enabled rapid fractionation within 10-20 min by selectively removing hemicellulose and part of the lignin, yielding cellulose-rich solid residues (SRs) that were readily nanofibrillated. The obtained LCNFs exhibited high aspect ratios, with diameters mainly in the 2-12 nm range (all below 20 nm) and lengths typically ranging from approximately 300 to 600 nm. FTIR analysis supported the retention of residual lignin, whereas XRD confirmed the preservation of the cellulose I allomorph and an increase in apparent crystallinity relative to the raw material (RM). When incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the LCNFs imparted pronounced UV attenuation across 200-400 nm and tunable haze while maintaining high visible-light transparency and substantially improving mechanical strength. The best-performing film reached a tensile strength of 72.9 MPa, approximately 143% higher than neat PVA. This work demonstrates a rapid route to LCNFs and highlights their potential as multifunctional reinforcements for transparent, light-managing polymer composite films.

The bacterial infection of wounds constitutes a serious medical incident, combating it remains a challenging endeavor. Bacterial infections manifest concomitant hyperinflammation and hyper-reactive oxygen species (ROS) phenotypes. Effective antibacterial strategies involve eliminating pathogenic bacteria, suppressing inflammatory responses, and reducing ROS concentrations. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel integrating antibacterial, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and tissue adhesive properties has been fabricated, utilizing phytic acid (PA) as the core bioactive constituent and using carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), hyaluronic acid (HA), polyacrylamide (pAM) as its structural framework. This PA@CMC&HA/pAM hydrogel demonstrated potent antibacterial efficacy by inhibiting bacteria biofilm formation. It could reduce bacterial inflammation and scavenge reactive nitrogen species/nitric oxide/hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, the hydrogel could accelerate healing of bacteria-infected wounds in rat by integrating rapid hemostasis, potent anti-inflammatory modulation, and collagen-enriched tissue regeneration. Our multifunctional hydrogel holds great promise for antibacterial therapy and wound regeneration, synergistically integrating the merits of antimicrobial agents and tissue repair systems.

ABSTRACT Sustainable cellulose‐based photonic materials that simultaneously combine structural coloration, circular polarization manipulation, and mechanical robustness remain challenging to achieve. Here, we report robust and flexible cellulose‐based bilayer photonic films with ambidextrous circularly polarized reflections, enabled by integrating a left‐handed chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) layer with a stretched regenerated cellulose (SRC) substrate. The CNC layer provides tunable circularly polarized structural coloration via helicoidal self‐assembly, whereas the SRC substrate exhibits pronounced birefringence and functions as a half‐wave retardation layer, thereby facilitating polarization conversion while concurrently enhancing mechanical robustness. As a result, the film exhibits intrinsic left‐handed circularly polarized (LCP) reflection on the front side and right‐handed circularly polarized (RCP) reflection on the reverse side, while the tensile strength increases from 6.6 to 72.4 MPa, accompanied by an increase in elongation at break from 0.8% to 10%. By coupling structural coloration, polarization selectivity, and water‐responsive color modulation, the films further enable multidimensional optical encryption. The coating‐based fabrication offers a scalable route toward large‐area sustainable photonic materials for optical encryption, anti‐counterfeiting, and advanced optoelectronic applications.

MXenes suffer from rapid structural degradation in water, hindering long-term shelf-storage and applications. Current anti-degradation methods either require harsh storage conditions or complex surface treatment, resulting in high costs and intrinsic properties damage. Herein, we propose a versatile (low-cost, intrinsically preserved, high-dispersion, and open-ended) method that enables long-term shelf-storage and operation stability of MXenes by adding ethylene glycol (EG) into MXenes aqueous solution. EG-H2O hydrogen bonding limits water activity and decreases free water ratio, thereby inhibiting their attack on transitional metal atoms on MXene nanosheet surfaces leading to decelerate their degradation, as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. The limiting-water-activity strategy derived from EG-H2O solvents extended shelf-life of MXenes dispersions over 6 times longer than that of pure water, and notably showed the versatility stabilizing MXenes in the range from Ti3C2Tx to Ti2CTx, Ti3CNTx, and V2CTx, where ~90% EG can be recycled. The versatile limiting-water-activity strategy additionally enabled long-term operation of MXenes in water-based devices: an EG-H2O-processed Ti3C2Tx MXene hydrogels sensor retained up to 95.2% sensitivity over 2-month cycling. This work provides a facile route for long-term shelf-storage and reliable operation of MXenes in water.

Metal hydride (MH) hydrogen storage systems have attracted considerable attention as hydrogen sources for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) owing to their high safety and high volumetric hydrogen density. Unlike hydrogen absorption with constant pressure, hydrogen desorption from MH is often conducted under control constraints imposed by downstream hydrogen demands. Therefore, the key challenge in system configuration is not maximizing the instantaneous desorption rate, but to achieving a stable and sustained hydrogen supply over an extended period. However, the correlation between operating parameters and desorption characteristics under such constrained operating conditions remains largely unexplored. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) model of MH tank coupled with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is developed to investigate the hydrogen desorption characteristics under control constraint. A self-sustaining desorption regime is identified, which enables the release of more than 65% of the stored hydrogen at the end of the stable desorption period. Based on heat-flux analysis, an assessment method is proposed to determine the design and operating parameters that facilitate self-sustaining desorption. The method is validated by the estimation of the maximum PEMFC power, the heating fluid temperature as well as the unit diameter.

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is critical for preserving the quality of fresh foods, but most existing packaging materials lack sustainability and environmental compatibility. Herein, sustainable and transparent composite nanocellulose films with tunable barrier properties were developed via solution casting using varying ratios of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). All films maintained high transparency (88.76-89.87% at 550 nm), while haze decreased from 21.77% to 11.34% with increasing CNC content from 20 to 80%. The composite film containing 50% TOCNF (FC-50) exhibited the most balanced barrier performance, with the lowest oxygen transmission rate (23.52 cm3/m2 & centerdot;24 h & centerdot;0.1 MPa) and a moderate water vapor permeability (4.47 & times; 10-10 g/(m & centerdot;s & centerdot;Pa)), making it suitable for MAP applications. FC-50 also demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 60.58 MPa and a fracture toughness of 3.393 MJ/m3. In strawberry preservation and biodegradation tests, FC-50 effectively reduced weight loss, degraded after 60 days, and maintained fruit brightness, outperforming both air-exposed and PVDC-wrapped controls. Unlike PVDC films with extremely low vapor permeability, FC-50 minimized moisture condensation while allowing appropriate gas exchange, thereby extending shelf life. These results underscore the potential of composite nanocellulose films as sustainable, biodegradable MAP materials for fresh produce packaging.

The preservation of cultural heritage is paramount for transmitting our culture, traditions, and ways of thinking and behaving to future generations. Cultural heritage stands as a testament to history, embodying the crystallization of human wisdom. Each artifact and work of art encapsulates information from a specific era. However, conventional cleaning methods often risk damaging cultural heritage during the removal of stains and repair of deterioration, potentially leading to irreversible losses. Hydrogels have garnered significant attention in this field due to their unique properties. As a novel cleaning material, hydrogels demonstrate distinct advantages in cultural heritage cleaning, owing to their gentle nature, strong adsorption capacity, and tunable characteristics. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the application of hydrogels in this domain. It elaborates on the features of various types of hydrogels, their cleaning mechanisms for different classes of cultural relics and artworks, practical application outcomes, benefits, and limitations, while also offering perspectives on future directions. The objective is to furnish systematic references for cultural heritage conservators and researchers, promote further application and development of hydrogels in heritage cleaning, and contribute to the long-term preservation of precious cultural heritage.

Eco-friendly electronic skin fabricated from sustainable natural materials represents a pivotal technology for advancing healthcare and sports-oriented wearable electronics, yet balancing comfort and electronic functionality remains challenging due to inadequate moisture management. Herein, we report an eco-friendly lignin-regulated amphiphilic Janus membrane (LAJM)-based pressure sensor that synergistically integrates unidirectional water transport with exceptional sensing performance. Through sulfonation and fluorination modifications of lignin fractions with distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, we engineer an electrospun layer with controlled hydrophobic-hydrophilic gradients, enabling unidirectional water transport while maintaining a dry and comfortable microenvironment. Moreover, LAJM demonstrates notable biocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, and antioxidant properties, positioning it as a promising candidate for intelligent wound care systems. The LAJM-based pressure sensor achieves integrated sensing capabilities through its hierarchical structure, exhibiting a high sensitivity of 23.97 kPa-1 in the 0-20 kPa range, an extended operational range (0-200 kPa), and ultrafast response dynamics (22 ms response/31 ms recovery). These metrics enable robust continuous monitoring of vital signs (e.g., radial pulse waveforms), discrimination of voice patterns, and precise motion trajectory mapping under dynamic conditions. This technological breakthrough in lignin valorization establishes a scalable platform for next-generation breathable epidermal electronics, with transformative implications for AI-driven healthcare diagnostics and adaptive human-machine interfaces.

Temperature fluctuations encountered during cold-chain storage and transportation readily accelerate food spoilage, creating an urgent demand for intelligent packaging materials with real-time visual freshness monitoring capability. Inspired by the microgrooved morphology of shark skin, periodic microrelief structures were constructed on regenerated cellulose substrates via surface imprinting, generating uniformly distributed ridge-groove arrays interconnected by continuous channel networks. Hydrophobic SiO₂ nanoparticles were subsequently introduced via spray coating to establish a micro/nanostructured hierarchical rough surface, where nanoparticles were homogeneously immobilized on ridge crests and groove sidewalls. The synergistic coupling between the microstructured substrate and nanoscale particles produced a robust superhydrophobic interface with a water contact angle of 155.6° and a roll-off angle of 7.9°. The unique hierarchical structure effectively promotes air entrapment while minimizing the solid-liquid contact fraction, thereby reducing the ice adhesion strength to 45.4 kPa. Notably, the functionalized film maintained favorable mechanical flexibility, exhibiting an elongation at break of 61.45%. Red cabbage anthocyanins were further incorporated as pH-responsive chromogenic probes for the detection of volatile amines such as NH₃. Exposure to spoilage-related alkaline volatiles induced a pronounced color transition from red-purple to green/yellow. Collectively, the developed cellulose-based film provides a scalable strategy for intelligent cold-chain packaging by integrating bioinspired anti-icing functionality with visual chemical sensing.

Developing eco-friendly and sustainable structural bioplastics from natural resources is a paramount trajectory to mitigate the environmental crises posed by petroleum-derived plastic waste. However, the inherent brittleness and poor gas-barrier properties of raw polysaccharides severely impede their practical applications in advanced packaging scenarios. Herein, an interfacial supramolecular co-assembly strategy is established to fabricate smart, biodegradable, and super-strong cellulose acetate structural films by introducing an ultra-low loading <2% of a tailored rigid chromophore, 1-aminoanthraquinone (AAQ). Benefiting from the precise match of the donor-acceptor domains, a highly dense and intertwined intermolecular hydrogen-bonding network was successfully constructed across the CA-AAQ interfaces. The tight restriction of intramolecular motion and alteration of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer pathways endow the films with noteworthy wavelength-dependent fluorescence, enabling vivid transition from day-light wheat color to deep yellow (254 nm), peach (300 nm), and purple (365 nm) under UV excitations. Further, the CA-AAQ film revealed much improved water vapor penetrability of 4.480 × 10-15 g·mm/m2·day·kPa and O2 transmission rate of 0.2095 cm3·μm/m2·day·kPa, respectively, compared to CA film having water vapor penetrability of 1.088 × 10-14 g·mm/m2·day·kPa O2 and transmission rate of 0.6635 cm3·μm/m2·day·kPa. This work provides a promising strategy for designing high-performance bioplastic materials targeted at next-generation intelligent packaging applications.

Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs) are promising in energy storage technologies due to their excellent costeffectiveness and safety. It is damaged by unregulated Zn2+ deposition that aggregates together and easily punctures the separator. Here, we propose a strategy to resolve these problems using a dual-network gradient structure asymmetric aerogel separator formed by regeneration cellulose and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). Regenerated cellulose constructs the basic framework of the separator, reactive with water for the abundant hydroxyl functional groups which reduces water-induced side reactions. The single-side UV irradiation converts the separator to a gradient structure of nanopores, endows it with selectivity ion-sieving functions, and enhances ion distribution homogeneously at the nanoscale level. The asymmetric separator optimizes the route of Zn2+ transportation. Excellent mechanical properties (83.9 MPa in strength) attributed to the dual-network can reduce the damage of zinc dendrites to the aerogel separator. All the above great performances enable the ZHSs with our aerogel separators to achieve high-capacity retention of 74 % at 1 A g- 1 for more than 20,000 cycles and zinc plating/stripping without dendrites at nearly 100 % coulombic efficiency. This gradient structure aerogel separator is creative for dendritic-free and provides a good idea for separator preparation and performance improvement.

Modern cosmetic pigments require natural optical aesthetics, robust UV protection, and sustainability, yet these properties are unachievable with most commercial inorganic or synthetic raw materials, which often suffer from whitening, photoreactivity and poor biocompatibility. Therefore, a bio-based structural color composite is developed by integrating the advantages of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs). CNC bars self-assemble into left-handed chiral nematic structures to exhibit iridescent colors, while LNPs, fabricated via solvent size regulation, overcome the aggregation issue of bulk lignin and dark color, and simultaneously impart UV absorption and antioxidant activity. LNPs prepared via acetone (777.37 nm, PDI = 0.039) disperse uniformly in the CNC matrix. The structural color only shows a slight blue shift even at high LNPs loadings, thus preserving the structural color in composite materials. Furthermore, the composite exhibits nearly zero UV transmissivity in the range of 290–800 nm, excellent free radical scavenging activity (39.64% at 1 mg/mL), and improved thermal stability. Importantly, this composite has exhibited practical applicability as a multifunctional cosmetic pigment in various cosmetic systems. This work pioneers a multifunctional bio-based material that integrates structural color, UV protection and antioxidant effects, holding great potential for application as a next-generation green cosmetic ingredient.