分别对QT600-3和QT450-10试块基体组织进行分析,再将两种试块悬挂于井式氮化炉中进行氮化处理,通过对氮化层硬度和深度、渗氮层脆性级别、疏松级别和氮化物级别的分析,研究了QT600-3和QT450-10试样氮化后性能的差异.结果表明:QT600-3和QT450-10试块氮化层深度分别为0.35mm和0.20mm,渗氮层脆性均为1级,QT600-3和QT450-10试块各项指标均满足标准和特殊设计要求.

通过沉淀法和水热合成法制备了固体超强酸催化剂Pt-SO42-/ZrO2,采用N2吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、吡啶红外光谱(Py-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、高通量反应评价等技术对Pt-SO42-/ZrO2的结构、表面性质和正丁烷异构化性能进行了研究,并考察了反应条件对正丁烷异构化反应的影响规律.结果表明:与沉淀法制备的催化剂相比,水热法制得的催化剂具有更大的比表面积、孔体积和孔径,四方晶相氧化锆的晶相更加纯净且结晶度更高、硫含量更高、酸性更强、六价S的电子结合能更高,并且具有更高的正丁烷异构化活性;优化了水热法制备的Pt-SO42-/ZrO2催化剂催化正丁烷异构化反应条件,在反应温度190℃、压力1.8 Mpa、正丁烷质量空速2 h-1、氢/烃摩尔比0.1的条件下,正丁烷转化率和异丁烷选择性分别达到43.7％ 和86.4％.

The invention discloses a method for aromatizing light hydrocarbons, which comprises the following step that: the contact reaction of C3-C12 hydrocarbons and an aromatization catalyst is performed to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and liquefied gas at a temperature of between 250 and 650 DEG C under the pressure of between 0.1 and 4.0MPa, wherein the aromatization catalyst comprises a complex carrier and compositions with the following content: 0.5 to 5.0 mass percent of ZnO, 0.1 to 5.0 mass percent of rare earth oxide, and 1.0 to 7.0 mass percent of VA group element. The complex carrier comprises 20 to 50 mass percent of ZSM series zeolite and 50 to 80 mass percent of adhesive. The method is suitable for a reaction-regeneration method of a moving bed, and has higher liquid yield and steady catalytic reaction activity.

为满足汽油升级至国Ⅵ标准的要求,2019年中国石油玉门油田分公司炼油化工总厂对原80 kt/a异构化装置进行了技术改造,增加了原料油干燥再生系统和循环氢干燥再生系统,将异构化催化剂更换为中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的RISO-C固体超强酸催化剂,以重整装置拔头油为原料,增产异构化汽油,有效降低汽油池烯烃含量和芳烃含量,为生产国Ⅵ汽油打下坚实基础.改造后异构化装置于2019年11月一次开车成功,2020年9月标定结果表明,异构化汽油研究法辛烷值大于84,C5异构化率大于68％,C6异构化率大于83％,均达到设计指标要求,说明RISO-C固体超强酸催化剂活性良好,能满足异构化装置长周期安全平稳运行的需求.

使用载硫型催化剂,开工现场不需要准备硫化剂,不用注硫泵等注硫设施,载硫型催化剂装填完毕后,只需按要求活化即可,缩短了开工周期,降低了安全风险.载硫型催化剂堆密度高于氧化态催化剂,保证了反应深度.目前各催化剂活性高,效果明显,产品质量合格,满足生产需要.同时利用原料中烯烃含量提高催化剂活化时床层温度有一定效果,为同类生产装置遇到类似问题提供了参考.

LNG全容罐遭受外来飞行物冲击分析是大型LNG预应力混凝土全容罐外罐设计考虑的重点和难点.将冲击动力学和LUSAS有限元软件数值模拟分析相结合,通过规范公式验证方法,分析计算了20×104 m 3 LNG预应力混凝土全容罐罐顶遭受外来飞行物冲击所造成的局部效应,验证罐顶的安全性及可靠性,并为类似全容罐安全性及可靠性的分析计算提供依据.

我国引入机械密封60多年,技术已很成熟,石油化工装置旋转机械采用机械密封的数量较多,但由于设计选型不周、工况变化等原因导致运行周期较短,维护较为困难,加大了维修费用,成为设备专业技术人员攻关的难题.本文介绍了某大型石化公司四效蒸发废水处理装置废水循环泵机封泄漏故障,机封失效的根本原因是机封轴套平键失效所致,并根据现场实际情况,提出了最优处理措施.

In the routine analysis of polypropylene isotactic index, it was found that the reproducibility of determination results was unstable. It is very important to improve the accuracy of measurement for the normal production.In order to explore these influencing factors,a series of comparative experiments were designed.The control variable test and data analysis were carried out. The results show that four important factors influencing the determination of polypropylene powder isotactic index are vacuum degree, sample size, oven temperature and extraction time. At last, specific effect of these factors was discussed.

This thesis analyses the effects on hydrogenating reaction section,reforming reaction,hydrogenating catalyzer,reforming catalyzer and the distribution of reforming products,before and after recycling raffinate oil is reacted in prefractionator.The result shows that recycling raffinate oil has increased reforming feedstock significantly.Through six months of operation,it indicates that recycling raffinate oil affected reforming operation slightly.

The naphtha of diesel oil's hydrogenation plant entered catalytic reforming unit feed tank,benzene extracted unit raffinate oil,and the technical transformation and implementing scheme that hydrogenation intermediate gasoline in DSO - FCC gasoline hydrodesulfurization unit as reforming feedstock oil entered catalytic reforming unit pre - fractionator were presented.The production operation of catalytic reforming unit after putting into operation was introduced,usage effect was analyzed,and the economic benefit was evaluated.

介绍了40万t·a-1玉门炼油化工总厂重整加氢装置新增“四合一”炉节能改造的情况,以及提高“四合一”炉热效率采取的措施,达到了提高加热炉热效率的目的.