<正>主要获奖项目简介中双9号是通过多亲本复合杂交,小孢子培养并对不同世代分别侧重进行产量综合性状、抗性与品质性状的不同强度筛选,以达到多目标性状的快速聚合,获得了超高产、高

In this study, totally 42 accessions of Brassica napus, most of them were maintainers and restorers of pol-CMS, were used to investigate the influence of genotypes on embryogenesis of microspore culture. The influence of genotypes, agar concentration in solid B_5 medium and culturing temperature on direct plantlet formation from embryoids was also studied. The results showed that there were significant genotypic differences for embryogenesis among these genotypes. But the restoring or maintaining genes of pol-CMS did not affect embryogenesis of microspore culture. The efficiency of direct plantlet formation from embryoids was related to genotype, agar concentration in medium and culturing temperature. The results indicated that embryoids transfered to solid B_5 medium with 1.5% agar and cultured initially in 4℃ for 10d could develop easily into normal haploid plantlets.

Zhongshuang 9, a new semi-winter Brassica napus variety with high resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and lodging, high-yield, double-low quality and extensive adaptability, was bred by multiple crossing and microspore culture technique. It was registered and released in China in 2002.In Regional Trial of Hubei Province in China, Zhongshuang 9 yielded 2 482.2 kg·ha -1 averagely in 2000-2002, 15.33% higher than the control variety Zhongyou 821. Erucic acid, glucosinolates and oil contents of Zhongshuang 9 were 0.23%, 22.69 μmol·g -1 (in meal) and 42%, respectively. In field identification of resistance to S.sclerotiorum, disease incidence and disease index of Zhongshuang 9 were averagely 13.31% and 6.47, respectively, which decreased by 28% and 36%, respectively,as compared with those of the control variety Zhongyou 821. By inoculation of detached leaves with mycelia, the lesion size of Zhongshuang 9 was 4.709 cm 2, which was significantly smaller than that of the mid-resistant variety Zhongyou 821( 5.933 cm 2). The lesion length of the stem of Zhongshuang 9 was 1.275 cm, which reached significant difference compared with that of the mid-resistant variety Zhongyou 821 (1.943 cm) by the Match-stick Inoculation Method. The possible mechanism of resistance to S. sclerotiorum was studied through comparing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), exo-chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) of Zhongshuang 9 with those of other resistant, mid-resistant and susceptible cultivars.

Maize transposable element Ac was transformed into Brassica napusL. Westar via Agrobacterium tumefaciens in order to study the activity of Ac element and related mutagenesis. The segregation ratio of the report gene NPTⅡ deferred from Ac element in T1progeny. Ac transposition activity was found in transgenic B.napus L. The index of sclerotinia stem rot decreased in groups with the increase of the Ac positive percentage. A liner relationship was found between ID and Ac positive percentages.