The kinetics and mechanism of low-concentration CO2 adsorption on a solid-supported polyethylenimine (PEI) adsorbent in a humid confined space were investigated, where the content of CO2 was about 0.4 % (v). A flow system, equipped with a dew point meter and IR gas analyzer connected in series for online measurement, was developed and the co-adsorption performance of CO2 and H2O was analyzed. It was found that the H2O adsorption capacity and activation energy were not significantly changed when 0.4 % (v) CO2 was applied in the co-adsorption process, indicating that the effect of dilute CO2 could be neglected. However, the CO2 adsorption capacity increased with the assistance of H2O, and then it decreased slightly when the H2O content in air flow was above 1.56 % (v). This implied that the adsorption activation energy of CO2 could be significantly reduced due to the existence of H2O in air flow. The direct formation of bicarbonate on the supported PEI adsorbent was favoured for the co-adsorption process of CO2 and H2O.

Zhoushan is an island city with booming tourism and service industry, but also has many developed VOCs and/or NOX emission industries. It is necessary to carry out regional VOCs and O3 pollution control in Zhoushan as the only new area owns the provincial economic and social administration rights. Anthropogenic VOCs emission inventories were built based on emission factor method and main emission sources were identified according to the emission inventories. Then, localized VOCs source profiles were built based on in-site sampling and referring to other studies. Furthermore, ozone formation potentials (OFPs) profiles were built through VOCs source profiles and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) theory. At last, the priority control analysis results showed that industrial processes, especially surface coating, are the key of VOCs and O3 control. Alkanes were the most emitted group, accounting for 58.67%, while aromatics contributed the most to ozone production accounting for 69.97% in total OFPs. n-butane, m/p-xylene, i-pentane, n-decane, toluene, propane, n-undecane, o-xylene, methyl cyclohexane and ethyl benzene were the top 10 VOC species that should be preferentially controlled for VOCs emission control. However, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylene, n-butane, toluene, propene, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene, ethyl benzene and 1,2,3-trimethyl benzene were the top 10 VOC species that required preferential control for O3 pollution control.

The treatment of oil refinery wastewater has attracted a significant attention for containing hazardous pollutants and causing adverse impacts on the environment. Three submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating synthetic oil refinery wastewater containing aromatic hydrocarbons including toluene and anthracene were operated at the different solids retention times (SRT) (10, 30 and 60 days) to investigate pollutants removals and membrane fouling characteristics. Mycobacterium and Sphingomonas capable of degrading aromatic compounds found in MBRs may contribute to high removal efficiencies (> 99%) of aromatic hydrocarbons at three SRTs. It is observed that nitrifying bacteria at short SRT of 10 days was in low abundance, and the resulting removal efficiency of NH4+-N was only 79%, which is much lower than those in MBRs at the SRTs of 30 and 60 days (> 97%). Severe membrane fouling and the minimal membrane fouling was observed at the SRT of 10 and 30 days respectively. Additionally, the investigation of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) content including the protein and polysaccharide induced by SRT indicated that high LB-EPS concentration at the SRT of 10 days caused severe membrane fouling. The relative abundances of the biofilm-forming bacteria Deinococcus and the bulking and foaming bacteria Caldilineaceae found in three MBRs correlated well with membrane fouling rate.

A novel chemical absorption-biological reduction (CABR) integrated process, employing Fe(II)EDTA as an enhanced absorbent, is a promising technology for nitrogen oxides removal. In this work, we developed a new two-stage CABR system applying a mixed cultivation model of denitrifying bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria, which consists of a sieve-plate tower and a bioreduction tower to separate the absorption and reduction processes. The start-up period of the two-stage system was shortened to 19 days, while that of the one-stage CABR system was 46 days. In addition, the two-stage CABR system featured a better oxygen-resistance ability and a higher NO removal loading. In effort to optimize system operation, we compared different modes of system operation and found that (1) continuous addition of glucose was better than the batch type addition and that (2) the NO removal efficiency could be maintained at >90% while the FeEDTA concentration was higher than 4 mmol/L; however, reducing the initial concentration of ferric iron complex could inhibit the loss rate of Na(2)EDTA. Furthermore, the optimized operating mode parameters were 4 mmol/L initial Fe(III)EDTA, 0.6 mg/min NaEDTA, and 5 mg/min glucose with a 2 L/min gas flow rate under a 400 ppm of NO condition, while the NO removal efficiency was kept >90%; the corresponding operating cost in terms of glucose was 8.4 g of glucose/g of NO. The purpose of this work was to provide preliminary data to support future industrial application for NOx removal, as well as sufficient technological insights on the process configuration and reactor operation of the two-stage CABR system.

A biocathode with the function of Fe(III) EDTA and Fe(II) EDTA-NO reduction was applied in a microbial electrolysis cell coupled with chemical absorption for NO removal from flue gas. As the mediated electron transfer was excluded by the same electrochemical characterizations of the biocathodes before and after a 48 h continuous operation, the profiles of reduction experiments indicated that direct electron transfer was the main mechanism of Fe(III) EDTA reduction, while Fe(III) EDTA-NO was mainly reduced via Fe(II)-assisted autotrophic denitrification. The microscopy of the biocathode confirmed the existence of pili, which was supposed to be bacterial nanowires for electron transfer. The analysis of microbial community revealed that iron-reducing bacteria, including Escherichia coli, had the possibility of electron uptake from electrode via physical contact. These results first time gave us in-depth understanding of the electron transfer in the multifunctional biocathode and mechanism for further enhancement of the bioreduction processes.

CO2 electrochemical reduction offers a potential technique to decrease the CO2 emission levels, but it has been hindered by the poor performance of electrocatalysts. In this work, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 has been studied by using a needle-like porous indium electrode, which was electrodeposited in aqueous electrolytes containing Cl- using the hydrogen bubble dynamic template. This novel electrode displayed improved electrocatalytic activity, enhanced conversion efficiencies, and a lower onset potential -0.76V vs. RHE), which was 0.3 V less than the indium foil electrode. Moreover, it exhibited enhanced faradaic efficiencies of 86% for formate at -0.86 V vs. RHE and with a current density of 5.8 mA cm(-2). This excellent catalytic activity is the result of a large electrochemical surface area and needle-like dendrite structures in the presence of Cl- salts. Utilization of the novel nanostructured electrocatalysts and understanding of the role of salts can contribute to further improvements in CO2 reduction.

In this work, the blends of 1-hydroxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium glycine ([C(2)OHmim][Gly]) synthesized by our laboratory and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) in aqueous solution were prepared for CO2 capture, and the maximum absorption performance of the blends was obtained at the mole ratio of 8:2 of MDEA/[C(2)OHmim][Gly] with a total concentration of 1.0 mol L-1. CO2 loading of the blended absorbent was less adversely influenced by the temperature and O-2 concentration than that of MDEA aqueous, and it had a good performance in regeneration ability. The reaction mechanism of the CO2 absorption in MDEA/[C(2)OHmirn][Gly] was investigated by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. CO2 first reacted with [C2OHmim] [Gly] to form carbamate, and then carbamate promoted the reaction between CO, and MDEA, which could be described as a shuttle mechanism. The kinetics of CO2 absorption was investigated in a double stirred-cell absorber at different temperatures, and some important kinetic parameters were obtained, such as the reaction rate constant (k(2)) and the overall rate constant (k(ov)) Experimental results indicated that the addition of [C(2)OHmim] [Gly] enhanced CO2 absorption of MDEA under low CO2 partial pressure, which could improve the application of MDEA in industry.

通过对天冠集团生物能源公司Orbal型氧化沟脱氮效果的追踪观察，分析氧化沟内溶氧、有机负荷对硝化反硝化的影响，对生产车间提高Orbal型氧化沟脱氮效果提出建议。

本文研究了沼液中小分子有机酸、硫化物、污泥、无机离子等组份对酒精发酵的影响规律，从理论上阐述了沼液回用的可行性，并通过中试实践验证了这一结论。证明沼液回用生产乙醇与传统厌氧好氧生化处理法相比，无好氧废水二次污染，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。

农作物品种区域试验是客观、科学、公正评价农作物新品种的丰产性、生育期、综合性及遗传稳定性、适应性，客观评价农作物新品种的产量、品质、抗性及熟期类型等主要农艺性状，鉴定其应用价值和适宜种植区域，为品种审定提供科学依据，是保障农业生产用种安全的基础工程，是加快提供优良品种、确保主要农产品有效供给的根本保证，是提高科研育种水平、推进农业科技创新和品种更新、加速农业科技成果转化和可持续发展的强大动力。

To understand the relationship between yield and agronomic traits of registered rapeseed in China,205 cultivars from 2001 to 2010 were investigated and compared using correlation and path analysis.Results showed that average yield increased from 2 388.78kg/hm2(during 2001 to 2005) to 2 670.13kg/hm2(during 2006 to 2010) with 11.12% increase.Effective siliquae per plant,seed per siliqua and thousand-seed weight increased 4.03%,0.36% and 7.10% respectively.Yield had significant or highly significant correlations to seed per siliqua,branch number,yield stability and growth duration in 2001-2005 and 2006-2010.Moreover,yield also had highly significant correlation(r=0.38) to effective siliquae per plant in 2006-2010.Thus the effective siliquae per plant and thousand-seed weight were the main factors contributing to yield improvement.Other traits were also important to yield.The order of direct strong effect of traits on yield was incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot,index of Sclerotinia stem rot,index of viral disease,incidence of viral disease,seed per silique and effective siliquae per plant in 2001-2005.The order of direct strong effect of traits on yield was seed per siliqua,incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot,plant height,growth duration,effective siliquae per plant and thousand-seed weight in 2006

To investigate the effects of various nitrogen applications adapted to direct-seeding rapeseed on agronomic performances and grain yields in no-tillage rice stubble field, we used the rapeseed cultivar Huaza 9 in plot experiments under the no-tillage direct-seeding and transplanting cultivations during 2006-2010.It was observed that a top-dressing applied during the duration of stem extension increased grain yield under various base manure application rates.When two top-dressing were used during the growth of the rapeseed plants, effects of fertilizer applications on yield formation depended on application date and amount of base manure.When base manure application rate was 112.5 kg N ha -1 , the high grain yields were obtained with the top-dressing applied for the stem extension and flowering, respectively.However, in the condition that the base manure application rate was 202.5 kg N ha -1 , the high grain yields were gained when the mid-December fertilizer and stem-extension fertilizer were applied.On the other hand, when the base manure and top-dressing fertilizers were setting at the ratio of 5:5, the high grain yields were observed for both direct-seeding and transplanting rapeseeds, independent of the amount of nitrogen application.The results also showed that the mentioned four modes for nitrogen application significantly decreased the amount of N-fertilizer and increased the grain yields under both no-tillage direct-seeding and transplanting cultivations.

In the Yangtze River basin, winter fallow is popular for the double cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, the possibility of adding a rapeseed cropping season after late rice harvest in this area was studied with the purpose of extending direct-seeding rapeseed under no-tillage cultivation pattern. In a 2-year field experiment from 2008 to 2010, the rapeseed cultivar Huashuang 5 (Brassica napus L. cv. Huashuang 5) were planted in 3 locations in Hubei Province of China after harvesting late rice. At both individual and population levels, the effects of plant density and nitrogen (N) application rate on rapeseed growth and yield formation were measured at seedling, budding, flowering, podding, and maturity stages. The cultivation pattern of no-tillage and direct-seeding after late rice harvest shortened the growth duration of rapeseed, especially at seedling stage, but prolonged the late budding stage in spring. The biomass accumulation from emergence to early budding was deficient severely, resulting in quick growth from budding to flowering of rapeseed. Application of N fertilizer had significant effects on enhancing the growth and yield formation of rapeseed through improving the individual and population qualities. Under the N rate of 270 kg ha−1 condition, the highest yield of rapeseed was approximately 2250 kg ha−1 at the density of 4.5 × 105 plants or 6.0 × 105 plants per hectare. The yield level was higher than that of average local rapeseed production. In the practice of no-tillage and direct seeding cultivation technique in the double rice cropping rice area, both nitrogen application rate and planting density should be considered simultaneously to obtain high quality of plant population and high yield of rapeseed.

Based on the results of the national regional trail for winter rapeseed in four groups,including the upper reaches,middle reaches and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Huang-Huai region in the past twenty years,new varieties of winter rapeseed showed upward trend in average yield,the yield level in Huang-huai group was higher than other groups.The changes of average effective pods per plant were not significant in any group,but the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight showed increase trend.However,the increment of grains per pod in three Yangtze River groups was higher than that in Huang-Huai River group,while the increment of 1 000-grain weight was just opposite.The incidence rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and viral disease in new varieties of winter rapeseed obviously decreased,and the incidence rate of S.sclerotiorum decreased lower than 5%.Genetic improvement for winter rapeseed should be focus on the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight in the future,and yield level of new varieties in all four groups is expected to increase.

对1989-2004年水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花等四大作物五大主产省区审定品种及2004-2007年的主要作物品种推广面积资料进行了系统的收集、整理.通过比较分析,对中国的种子科研状况、研发体系及品种贡献做出了客观评价.得出了具有参考价值的结论.

Based on the experience of agricultural technology extension for several years,author summarized the technique essentials of direct seeding rapeseed cultivation in no-tillage paddy rice field,such as the arrangement of previous crops, the selection of variety,suitable sowing date,chemical weeding,the application of fertilizer,the management of field,pest control and timely harvesting.

According to the principle of HACCP,and combining with the manufacture technique of wheat gluten,this paper discussed the application of HACCP in the manufacture of wheat gluten.

Objective Analysis was carried out to evaluate distinctness,uniformity and stability of new varieties to be registered. MethodIn this study,89 varieties under Chinese national official field test were fingerprinted by 42 polymorphic markers generating from 15 highly informative SSR primers. ResultThe genetic clustering,principal component analysis,assignment test and AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) results showed that: Fourty-two polymorphic markers are sufficient to completely separate all 89 varieties. Most of the similar varieties were bred by the same breeders and the most distinct ones came from different province or breeders,which was in accordance with the pedigree information. Seventy-five percent of the tested varieties are distinct using a genetic distance threshold of 0.1. In the assignment test,most of the varieties could be correctly placed back to the respective source variety,yet the other had a low correct individual assignment percentage,a sign of poor uniformity. The genetic variation between seed delivery was not significant,indicating a good stability of variety,and genetic variation among varieties within seed delivery is significant,meaning a good distinctness. ConclusionOverall,the resalts showed that most of the tested rapeseed varieties have the characteristics of distinctness,uniformity and stability (DUS),and SSR technique is suitable for DUS testing.

<正>主要获奖项目简介中双9号是通过多亲本复合杂交,小孢子培养并对不同世代分别侧重进行产量综合性状、抗性与品质性状的不同强度筛选,以达到多目标性状的快速聚合,获得了超高产、高