随着学习理论和评价理论的不断发展,形成性评价的内涵由课堂教学策略的集合发展到基于学习理论建构的课堂实践过程,其实质逐步指向学生自我调节学习能力的培养.已有研究表明,形成性评价和自我调节学习之间存在目的、过程和功能上的共性.进一步探究两者内部的影响机制,发现形成性评价通过明确目标设定、增强自我监控以及促进学生的自我调整三个方面,全面促进学生的自我调节学习进程.研究结果为我国课堂教学中形成性评价的实施提供了启示.

The multilayer transparent conducting films of ZnO/Ag/ZnO, AZO/Ag/AZO and AZO/LiF/Ag/LiF/AZO, AZO/Al/Ag/Al/AZO were fabricated by magnetron sputtering, respectively. These conducting films have sheet resistance as low as 5 Ω/sq and average optical transmittance of more than 80% at 450~700 nm. The sheet resistance of AZO/LiF/Ag/LiF/AZO and AZO/Al/Ag/Al/AZO reached respectively 5.7 Ω/sq and 7.6 Ω/sq after annealing at 723 K for 10min. However, the sheet resistance of AZO/Ag/AZO quickly reached 27 Ω/sq under the same annealing condition. Compared with three-layer films, five-layer films show better thermal stability because of limitation function of LiF and Al interlayer on Ag aggregation and diffusion.

本研究探讨了两种寻路策略与三种导航方式对寻路行为绩效的影响并分析了该效应的性别差异.实验被试120名,实验结果显示:在VR迷宫场景中寻路,对男性而言,定向策略的使用情况是影响导航方式绩效的重要因素.对不擅长使用定向策略的男性而言,标志导航最佳,标志与YAH地图并存时次之,YAH地图导航最差.其中,标志导航与YAH地图导航绩效差异显著.而对擅长使用定向策略的男性而言,导航方式的类型对寻路绩效的影响不显著.导航方式的类型对女性寻路影响显著,其中,标志导航最佳,标志与YAH地图并存时次之,YAH地图导航最差.该研究结果可为导航支持系统的界面设计提供依据.

The effect of attention orienting on visual processing has been studied intensively in cognitive psychology.Based on the spatial cueing paradigm,Posner distinguished endogenous orienting from the exogenous orienting,and it was commonly confirmed in 2D plane studies that there were many differences between the two.The effect of endogenous orienting was more sensitive to distracters,less influenced by SOA,and might have different brain mechanism.However,the effect of endogenous attention orienting on stereopsis is still lack of evidence and worth exploring. Employing a behavioral paradigm combined with the ERP technique,the present research was aimed at exploring how endogenous orienting influenced depth processing.We used a2(cue duration;200ms;1000ms)×4(cue validity:cue and target at the same location and depth;they on different sides,but at the same depth plane;they in different depth planes,but at the same x - y coordinates; they on different sides,both in different depth planes) within - subjects design.In the experiment,the participants wore the liquid crystal stereo glasses.At the beginning of a trial,a fixation point was displayed on a computer screen for 1200ms,then the predictive central symbolic cue was presented for 200ms or 1000ms,the participants were instructed to pay attention to the direction of the cue to maximize the correct rate.And finally,the target was displayed for 100ms,the participants were instructed to press the " 1" key on the Stimpad for an H target and the "4" key for an S target as quickly as possible.After a 1500ms blank,another trial was started.The results showed:At both the short and the long SOA,the cue produced a facilitative effect on the discrimination task,and the difference between the two treatments was not statistically significant.At the short SOA,both the classic and the cross - depth facilitative effect affected N1 wave,in which the valid -cue trials induced a larger N1 amplitude;while at the long SOA,the invalid -cue trials tended to induce a larger N1 amplitude. The findings suggest that the facilitative effect of the endogenous orienting on stereopsis is stable and consistent.But the brain mechanism underlying the short - term cue and the long - term cue may be different.

本研究旨在探讨大学生群体中寻路策略与空间焦虑的个体差异及二者之间的关系。首先修订了国外经典测量工具"寻路策略量表"与"空间焦虑量表",并在此基础上进行问卷调查。结果表明:修订后的"寻路策略量表"与"空间焦虑量表"具有良好的信、效度;男生在定向策略量表上得分较高,而女生在路线策略量表上得分较高,且均存在显著性差异;女生比男生报告更高的空间焦虑;文史类学生在路线策略量表与空间焦虑量表上得分显著高于理工类学生;空间焦虑与定向策略之间存在着显著的负相关,但与路线策略之间的正相关不显著。

Novel acetylpyrazine thiocarbohydrazone (1), 1-acetylpyrazine-5-[5- bromosalicylaldehyde]-dithiocarbohydrazone (2a), 1-acetylpyrazine-5-[5- chlorosalicylaldehyde]-dithiocarbohydrazone (2b), and 1-acetylpyrazine-5-[5- nitrosalicylaldehyde]- dithiocarbohydrazone (2c) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, MS spectra and element analysis. The crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Crystal structure of compound 1 belongs to monoclinic system with space C2/c. The unit cell parameters are a = 2.3057(14)nm, b = 0.7297 (4) nm, c = 1.1940(7) nm, V = 1.909(2) nm3, Z = 8, D c = 1.463g/cm3, μ = 0.309mm-1, F(000) = 880, R1 = 0.0866, wR2 = 0.2072.

Three new asymmetric bis-Schiff bases containing thiocarbohydrazide were synthesized by the reaction of thiocarbohydrazide with ketone and different aldehydes step by step. Compositions of these compounds were determined by IR, MS and elemental analysis.