Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common birth defect in children, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment. The traditional standard median sternotomy (MS) has drawbacks such as significant trauma and obvious scarring. The right axillary incision (RAI) has gradually become a conventional approach due to its advantages of preserving thoracic cage integrity, small incision size, rapid recovery, and hidden scarring. However, there is currently a lack of relevant guidelines and consensus for its application. This consensus adopts the international Delphi process, systematically searching domestic and foreign literature on CHD from 1982 to 2024. It uses the GRADE system for evidence grading and, through multidisciplinary expert discussions, clarifies the applicable CHD types, surgical techniques, establishment of extracorporeal circulation, organ protection strategies, management of special disease types, and approaches to common complications of RAI. Results show that RAI is strongly recommended for most simple congenital heart diseases (CHDs) (e.g., simple ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect), weakly recommended for some complex CHDs (e.g., mild tetralogy of Fallot), and not recommended for complex CHDs such as transposition of the great arteries or in children with severe right thoracic deformity. Additionally, it standardizes key operational parameters: weight (5-30 kg as optimal), age (6 months-6 years as preferred), incision location, extracorporeal circulation cannulation, and organ protection measures. This consensus provides an evidence-based basis for standardizing the clinical application of RAI in open-heart surgery for CHD, ensuring surgical safety and efficacy.

OBJECTIVES:Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital cardiovascular disease with focal aortic luminal narrowing, and paediatric patients face a high postoperative restenosis risk. This study aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning model for early predicting restenosis after paediatric coarctation of the aorta direct repair using preoperative and intraoperative data. METHODS:A total of 117 patients (2016-2024) were retrospectively enrolled, divided into restenosis (21 cases, 17.9%) and non-restenosis (96 cases, 82.1%) groups (restenosis was defined as a peak systolic pressure gradient >20 mmHg measured by echocardiography). Recursive feature elimination with cross-validation screened key variables; six machine learning models were built with 5-fold randomised search cross-validation tuning, using the area under the curve as the primary metric. SHapley Additive exPlanation analysed feature contributions. RESULTS:The multilayer perceptron model performed best (mean area under the curve = 0.8333, 95% CI: 0.7111-0.9555, accuracy = 0.8376) with balanced precision-recall. SHapley Additive exPlanation identified low body surface area as the top risk factor. Resection and extended end-to-end anastomosis/end-to-side anastomosis were preferred surgically, while resection with end-to-end anastomosis should be avoided; end-to-side anastomosis reduced restenosis risk in patients with aortic arch hypoplasia. CONCLUSION:Machine learning models enable personalised, high-accuracy restenosis prediction. SHapley Additive exPlanation-facilitated risk factor identification optimises treatment strategies. Future prospective studies are needed to validate the models and develop clinical tools.

This case series reports 4 paediatric patients (aged 2-11 years old) who sustained traumatic cardiac rupture following blunt trauma, all of whom were successfully treated at our institution. In contrast to common adult presentations, each case featured a rupture localized specifically to the superior vena cava-right atrial (SVC-RA) junction. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography in the presence of cardiac tamponade. All patients underwent urgent median sternotomy, during which primary repair was accomplished without cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperatively, both shock index and mean arterial pressure showed significant improvement (P = .003 and P = .028, respectively), and all children recovered fully without complications. This series highlights the SVC-RA junction as a uniquely vulnerable site in paediatric blunt cardiac injury and demonstrates that rapid diagnosis coupled with timely surgical intervention is paramount for survival.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare but life-threatening congenital heart defect that requires surgical correction. The sutureless technique has been developed as an alternative to conventional repair to minimize postoperative complications. This meta-analysis evaluates and compares the efficacy and safety of the two surgical approaches. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and major Chinese databases for studies published between January 2010 and December 2024. Five retrospective comparative studies including a total of 1,327 patients met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using RevMan version 5.4. Primary outcome measures included the incidence of postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO), reoperation due to PVO, total postoperative mortality, and late mortality. A random-effects model was applied to all analyses to account for anticipated clinical heterogeneity. A subgroup analysis based on TAPVC anatomical type was also performed. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the sutureless technique was associated with a significantly lower postoperative PVO rate (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.46; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.28-0.77; p = 0.047) and a reduced reoperation rate due to PVO (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08-0.77; p = 0.049) compared with conventional surgery. Subgroup analysis indicated that the reduction in postoperative PVO was most evident among patients with infracardiac-type TAPVC. No statistically significant differences were observed in total postoperative mortality (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.35-1.24; p > 0.05) or late mortality (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.13-1.06; p > 0.05). Across all outcomes, heterogeneity was low to moderate (I² < 50%). Major limitations of this study include the retrospective design of all included studies, small sample sizes for certain analyses, variability in study methodology, and possible publication bias. The sutureless technique appears to be a safe and effective alternative to conventional surgery for primary TAPVC repair. It significantly reduces postoperative PVO and the need for reoperation, with the greatest benefit observed in high-risk subtypes such as infracardiac TAPVC. However, given that all available evidence is derived from retrospective studies of moderate quality, further large-scale prospective investigations are required to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes.

Objective:Healthcare associated infection (HAI) in children after open-heart surgery contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyze the clinical and microbiological characteristics of HAI after pediatric cardiac surgery. Methods:This single-center retrospective study was conducted in Beijing Children's Hospital from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2025 including children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent open-heart surgeries. Results:A total of 1206 patients were included in this study. The overall HAI rate was 13.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found underlying diseases (odds ratio [OR] = 12.342; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.744-26.518; P < 0.001), moderate and severe preoperative pulmonary artery hypertension (pre-PAH) (OR = 3.141; 95% CI: 1.311-7.527; P = 0.010 and OR = 3.312; 95% CI: 1.407-7.797, P = 0.006), and aortic cross-clamping (ACC) time (OR = 1.026; 95% CI: 1.008-1.045; P = 0.004) were significantly associated with postoperative HAI. Additionally, no significant association was observed between glucocorticoid use and postoperative HAI in our study. Of the 238 organisms detected, bacteria predominated (55.9%, 133/238). Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 89.5% (119/133) of the bacterial isolates, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the only multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) identified. Conclusion:Our study suggested underlying diseases, moderate and severe pre-PAH, and ACC time were independently associated with postoperative HAI. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the only MDRO among the most common gram-negative bacilli.

BACKGROUND:Right anterolateral thoracotomy or left anterolateral thoracotomy applied to partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection correction have been reported to obtain cosmetic and less invasive outcomes as alternative approaches to median sternotomy. However, the application of different approaches is still confusing. We compared the perioperative and mid-term outcomes to seek indications of different approaches and guide surgical treatment of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. METHODS:From July 2019 to August 2023, 44 patients who underwent surgical correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection were recruited. Of these, 13 (29.6%) patients who underwent median sternotomy were separated into M group, 28 (63.6%) patients who underwent right anterolateral thoracotomy were separated into R group, and three (6.8%) patients who underwent left anterolateral thoracotomy were separated into L group. Clinical data were reviewed and compared between each group. RESULTS:In M group, direct anastomosis accounted for the most (7, 53.8%), in R group, intra-atrial rerouting accounted for the most (22, 78.6%), and in L group, direct anastomosis accounted for the most (3, 100%). R group had shorter cardiopulmonary bypass time (70.0 ± 32.4 vs113.1 ± 83.3, p = 0.029), shorter ICU stay (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 1.9 ± 1.7, p = 0.01), shorter postoperative stay (6.0 ± 1.2 vs 8.3 ± 5.0, p = 0.021), and fewer chest tube drainage (8.4 ± 4.3 vs 13.9 ± 10.2, p = 0.026) compared with M group. Three left-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in L group adopted off-pump approach. CONCLUSIONS:Median sternotomy S.V.C. can be applicable to all anatomic types of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection especially for complex types. Considering the minimally invasive advantages, we prefer applying right anterolateral thoracotomy for pulmonary vein connected to right atrium or proximal end of off-pump. Applying left anterolateral thoracotomy for left-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection without atrial septal defect by off-pump.

Background With the decline in the birth rate and simultaneous advancements in medical technology in China, research on how birth population changes have affected congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery in the last 10 years has increased. Method We investigated the medical data of all patients diagnosed with CHD treated at the surgical department at our hospital from January 2013 to December 2022, including their age and the type of surgery. We classified patients into two groups based on their age: less than 1 year (younger) and greater than 1 year (older). We defined patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect as simple CHDs and others as complex diseases. Vascular ring diseases, including double aortic arch, pulmonary artery sling, and aberrant left subclavian artery with diverticulum, were considered special conditions. Result We found that 6,440 patients underwent surgery at our hospital in the period mentioned. The number of surgeries conducted annually increased significantly from 609 in 2016 to 941 in 2019 but gradually declined since 2020. The proportion of simple CHD cases increased annually, whereas the proportion of complex CHD cases declined. The proportion of patients with vascular ring disease gradually increased. The proportion of older children increased, whereas that of younger children decreased each year. All changes were statistically significant. Conclusions Owing to advancements in medical technology, economic factors, change of birth rate and abortion rate, the number of surgeries for CHDs has decreased significantly. It is challenging to predict future trends. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is specific to China. Policymakers, hospitals, and surgeons must introduce appropriate adjustments in response to this change.

To investigate the influencing factors of postoperative creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) elevation in children with congenital heart disease and its peak value in predicting early postoperative mortality. The clinical data of 521 children with congenital heart disease under the age of 14 who underwent elective surgery in Beijing Children’s Hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for postoperative CK-MB elevation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value of postoperative CK-MB peak, CK peak, and LDH peak on mortality, and linear correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the interdependence among postoperative CK-MB peak, CK peak, and LDH peak, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for early postoperative mortality. Preterm birth ( P = 0.004), ventriculotomy ( P = 0.009), the re-establish of bypass ( P = 0.007), cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P = 0.024), deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time ( P = 0.000), assisted ventilation time ( P = 0.049), CK peak ( P = 0.000), and LDH peak ( P = 0.000) were independently associated with increased postoperative CK-MB elevation. The ROC curve showed that CK-MB peak had the strongest predictive value for death ( AUC = 0.924), followed by LDH peak ( AUC = 0.864) and CK peak ( AUC = 0.758). The cut-off value of the postoperative CK-MB peak was 144.5 IU/L, with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 97%. CK-MB peak was moderately correlated with CK peak (Pearson Correlation coefficient r = 0.514, P = 0.000) and strongly correlated with LDH peak (Pearson Correlation coefficient r = 0.601, P = 0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that delayed chest closure ( OR = 4.865, P = 0.004) and postoperative CK-MB peak ( OR = 1.031, P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for postoperative mortality. The postoperative CK-MB peak has a certain predictive value for the early postoperative mortality of children with congenital heart disease. It is affected by many factors, and the risk of mortality is significantly increased in children with severely elevated postoperative CK-MB.

OBJECTIVES:The clinical data of patients with subaortic stenosis who underwent surgical treatment in our centre in the past 12 years were reviewed. The short-term and long-term clinical outcomes were analyzed, and the long-term outcomes of different surgical methods for subaortic stenosis were compared to determine the optimal surgical treatment strategy for subaortic stenosis. METHODS:From December 2010 to December 2022, 90 patients undergoing surgical treatment for subaortic stenosis in our hospital were enrolled. There were 55 males and 35 females with a median age of 72 (46,132) months and an average surgical weight of (21.35 ± 15.84) kg. According to the operation method, 90 patients were divided into group A (50 patients with simple subaortic membrane resection) and group B (40 patients with subaortic membrane and muscle resection or modified Konno procedure). RESULTS:There were three early deaths (3.33%). One late death occurred in group B. There was no significant difference in long-term survival rate between the two groups (p = 0.904). The preoperative left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient in group B was (91.56 ± 36.98) mm Hg, which was higher than that in group A(51.13 ± 36.04)mm Hg(p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in immediate postoperative left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient between group B [(5.44 ± 8.43) mm Hg] and group A [(7.82 ± 13.44) mm Hg] (p = 0.343). In the long-term follow-up, left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient in group B was (5.86 ± 9.53) mm Hg, which was not statistically significant compared with group A (8.83 ± 14.52) mm Hg (p = 0.294). Eleven patients with moderate or greater aortic regurgitation (group A/group B: 3/8) underwent simultaneous aortic valvuloplasty. In group B, moderate or greater aortic regurgitation was significantly improved immediately after operation (p = 0.013) and was not significantly aggravated in long-term follow-up (p = 0.083), and there was no significant improvement in group A after operation and long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:According to the different anatomical lesions of left ventricular outflow tract, the individualised surgical treatment strategy for patients with subaortic stenosis can achieve good long-term outcomes. The long-term survival rate and freedom from reoperation due to late left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after simple subaortic membrane resection and extended left ventricular outflow tract resection are comparable. For patients with moderate or greater aortic regurgitation before extended left ventricular outflow tract resection, simultaneous aortic valvuloplasty is beneficial to improve postoperative aortic valve function.

AIM:Preoperative pneumonia in children with CHD may lead to longer stays in the ICU after surgery. However, research on the associated risk factors is limited. This study aims to evaluate the pre-, intra-, and postoperative risk factors contributing to extended ICU stays in these children. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study collected data from 496 children with CHD complicated by preoperative pneumonia who underwent cardiac surgery following medical treatment at a single centre from 2017 to 2022. We compared the clinical outcomes of patients with varying ICU stays and utilised multivariate logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression analyses to evaluate the risk factors for prolonged ICU stays. RESULTS:The median ICU stay for the 496 children was 7 days. Bacterial infection, severe pneumonia, and Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 were independent risk factors for prolonged ICU stays following cardiac surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:CHD complicated by pneumonia presents a significant treatment challenge. Better identification of the risk factors associated with long-term postoperative ICU stays in these children, along with timely diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infections in high-risk populations, can effectively reduce ICU stays and improve resource utilisation.

This retrospective study at Beijing Children's Hospital (2020-2023) analyzed surgical procedures and complications in 24 pediatric hemophilia patients undergoing Totally Implantable Venous Access Port (TIVAP) insertion, primarily in the right jugular vein (RJV). We detailed the surgical process, including patient demographics and intraoperative imaging use. The choice of the RJV for TIVAP placement was influenced by its larger diameter and superficial anatomical position, potentially reducing risks like thrombosis and infection. Our findings support the RJV as a safer alternative for port placement in pediatric patients, aligning with current literature. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between complications and baseline characteristics like weight and diagnosis type. However, the length of hospital stay and implant brand were significant risk factors for catheter or port displacement and removal. The limited patient number may introduce bias, suggesting a need for further studies with larger samples. Despite a 14.7 %-33 % complication rate and 5 port removals, the advantages of TIVAP, including reliable venous access, reduced discomfort, and treatment convenience, were evident. Most complications improved with symptomatic treatment, and there were no deaths due to port-related complications, underscoring the impact of TIVAP on improving pediatric hemophilia treatment.

Congenital heart disease(CHD)has an estimated prevalence of 0.9％,with 0.3％ requiring interventional or surgical inter-vention very early in life.Currently,CHD surgery tends to be performed at a younger age.The continued management of the condition is dependent on postoperative care and reha-bilitation since the success rate of surgery has significantly increased[1,2].

Evidence on the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of stent implantation and balloon angioplasty for native coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and recurrent CoA separately is lacking. The present meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of stent implantation and balloon angioplasty in native (NaCo) and recurrent (ReCo) CoA.A systematic computerized literature search was conducted to retrieve all relevant studies of stent implantation and balloon angioplasty for CoA. Both single-arm and comparative studies were included. Data on NaCo and ReCo were pooled separately.A post-procedure gradient of ≤ 20 mmHg was achieved in 97% and 92% of patients undergoing stent implantation and balloon angioplasty for NaCo, and in 98% and 90% for ReCo, respectively. A post-procedure gradient of ≤ 10 mmHg was achieved in 97% and 83% of patients undergoing stent implantation and balloon angioplasty for NaCo, and in 86% and 78% for ReCo, respectively. Comparative results confirmed that stent implantation provided a significantly higher success rate compared with balloon angioplasty (odds ratio [OR] = 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-3.86; P = 0.019) in treating NaCo. Incidences of all-cause complications, mortality, reintervention, and aneurysm formation were similar between the groups. Patients undergoing stent implantation had a significantly lower incidence of dissection (OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.02-0.92; P = 0.040).Current evidence indicates that stent implantation might have superior efficacy compared with balloon angioplasty for the treatment of NaCo with higher success rates and similar complication rates. However, whether this superior effect is also present in ReCo patients needs further evaluation.

目的 观察6例先天性心脏病合并气管狭窄患儿心脏病矫治术同期行气道支架置入治疗的效果,探讨其安全性.方法 先天性心脏病合并气管狭窄患儿6例,年龄4～17(9.47±3.98)个月,均于先天性心脏病矫治术后同期行气道支架置入术.记录术后CICU治疗时间及呼吸机使用时间;术后1个月行常规支气管镜检查,观察气管内支架形态、位置、有无肉芽组织等;术后3个月行超声心动图检查,观察心脏病矫治术后恢复情况,行增强CT检查评估气管形态后支气管镜下取出支架.随访1年,记录患儿术后恢复情况和生存情况,观察气管发育、肺功能及反复呼吸道感染改善情况.结果 6例患儿均顺利完成心脏矫治术,气道支架均一次性放置成功,术后CICU治疗时间(6.63±4.27)d,呼吸机使用时间(42.01±38.00)h.6例患儿气道支架置入术后均发生刺激性咳嗽,给予止咳等对症治疗后缓解,呼吸困难症状消失.术后1个月,支气管镜检查提示气管内支架形态和位置正常,无肉芽组织形成.术后3个月,增强CT和支气管镜检查显示气管形态良好后顺利取出支架;超声心动图显示心功能正常,心脏结构正常,未见残余分流.随访至2019年2月,6例患儿气管发育和肺功能均正常,无死亡病例.结论 先天性心脏病合并气管狭窄患儿心脏病矫治术同期行气道支架置入术可改善肺部通气,减少呼吸道感染,术后3个月取出支架可维持气管腔开放,不影响气管生长发育.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report outcomes of double outlet right ventricle biventricular repair at a single institution in developing countries and to investigate post-operatively determined risk factors for mortality and late intervention. Methods: Patients with double outlet right ventricle who underwent biventricular repair in our centre from January 2009 to December 2021 were included. Results: A total of 96 patients (male/female = 61/35) with biventricular repair were included. According to its specific anatomical type, the appropriate individual surgical plan was selected. Multivariate analysis indicated that prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time(OR = 1.044; p = 0.012) and pre-operative moderate or above pulmonary hypertension(OR = 24.558; p = 0.023) were independent risk factors for early mortality. Univariate analysis showed that different anatomical types and different surgical methods had similar late intervention and late mortality. Concomitant coarctation of the aorta(OR = 40; p = 0.020) and concomitant ventricular septal defect enlargement(OR = 26.667; p = 0.005) were independent risk factors for late intervention by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Selection of appropriate surgical techniques based on different anatomical types often results in similar late outcomes. For patients with concomitant ventricular septal defect enlargement during the operation, it is necessary to fully expand and avoid damage to the conduction bundle. We should timely intervention in patients with coarctation of the aorta and pay attention to the occurrence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction during follow-up.

目的 探讨经食道超声心动图引导、左侧腋下小切口入路行儿童动脉导管未闭封堵治疗的安全性、有效性及可行性.方法 本研究为回顾性研究.收集2018年3月至2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院收治的动脉导管未闭患儿40例作为研究对象,其中男13例、女27例,年龄1.09(0.60,1.75)岁,体重9.00(7.20,10.50)kg,均行单纯食道超声心动图引导下左侧腋下小切口入路动脉导管未闭封堵术,均手术顺利,术后返回心脏重症监护室予对症治疗,必要时予强心、利尿治疗.收集所有患儿术后即刻以及术后1个月、3～6个月随诊超声心动图及心电图情况,评估治疗效果.结果 40例均封堵成功,1例术后3个月复查时发现封堵器移位,患儿无明显不适,予取出封堵器及动脉导管切断缝合术,手术顺利.其余39例术后随诊超声心动图及心电图均提示封堵器位置良好,心脏各房室内径基本正常;无一例出现残余分流、心包积液、心律失常等并发症.结论 单纯经食道超声心动图引导下左侧腋下小切口入路行儿童动脉导管未闭封堵术安全有效,对小年龄、低体重、伴有粗大动脉导管未闭的患儿同样适用,具有切口小、康复快、并发症少等优点.

Objectives: To report the perioperative management experience of central venous access devices (CVAD) in Chinese children with severe hemophilia A (SHA) in China.Methods: This retrospective study included SHA children who underwent Port-A-Cath or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) implantation between 2020/01 and 2021/07. Collected data included baseline characteristics, factor replacement regimen and CVAD-related complications.Results: Nine patients had nine ports placed, and eight patients underwent 10 PICCs placement. Patients without or with low-titer inhibitor (<5 BU) received a port. The median preoperative and postoperative plasma-derived factor VIII (pd-FVIII) doses were 53.0 (44.4-61.1) and 315.9 (88.2-577.8) IU/kg. The median port duration was 189 (15-512) days, with infection incidence of 0.06 per 1000 CVAD days. Patients with high-titer inhibitors (>10 BU) received PICC. The median recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) dose was 87.47 mu g/kg before and for 5-7 doses after implantation over 2-3 days. The median PICC duration was 226.5 days, with infection incidence of 0.12 per 1000 catheter-days.Conclusions: CVADs can be safely implanted in China. PICC implantation is a practical and safe option for SHA children with high-titer inhibitors.

Nur77在调控细胞生存和凋亡中发挥重要作用,多种生理信号均可诱导Nur77激活,激活的Nur77对细胞周期、动脉粥样硬化、炎症、代谢、DNA修复及凋亡有调节作用,尤其对细胞凋亡的调控作用越来越受到关注.Nur77在多种细胞中可通过线粒体信号通路参与自噬性凋亡,在凋亡信号刺激下从细胞核易位到线粒体,导致线粒体释放细胞色素C,从而诱导凋亡.本文就Nur77线粒体转位对细胞凋亡影响的研究进展作一综述.

The sutureless technique was initially used for the treatment of postoperative pulmonary vein obstruction (PVO) in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). However, as the effectiveness of the sutureless technique has been confirmed and widely developed, the sutureless technique has been used for the primary treatment of high-risk children with TAPVC who are at high risk of PVO. Compared with traditional surgery, the sutureless technique significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative PVO, re-intervention rate due to PVO, and postoperative mortality, but there are potential complications such as pericardial and confluent venous anastomosis, phrenic nerve damage, air embolism. In addition, the sutureless technique is not effective in dealing with the progressive stenosis of the pulmonary veins after sutureless surgery and diffuse stenosis of extrapulmonary proximal veins and intrapulmonary veins. These make the efficacy and safety of this procedure controversial. This paper reviews the research status of the sutureless technique in TAPVC repair at home and abroad over the years.