根据煤矿坑道钻机钻进施工过程中需要对不同直径钻具限位的使用要求,研制了限位范围可调的顶部开放式钻杆限位器.介绍了钻杆限位器的方案设计及工作原理,简述了关键零部件的设计要点.现场试验证明,顶部开放式钻杆限位器限位性能达到设计要求,动作稳定可靠,满足了钻进施工过程中对不同直径钻具限位的使用要求.

根据长钻杆体积大、重量重的特点,研制了煤矿坑道钻机长钻杆上卸装置.介绍了长钻杆上卸装置的方案制定,叙述了托举装置、驱动装置的设计过程,并简述了上杆方法和卸杆方法.现场工业性试验过程中,长钻杆上卸装置累计上卸钻杆1008根,动作稳定,性能可靠,满足了煤矿坑道钻机上卸长钻杆的使用需求.

The gas control in large panel of underground coal mine objectively requires the length of ultra-long directional drilling along the coal seam to reach more than 3 000 m, however, restricted by the current directional drilling technology and equipment in underground coal mine, the maximum hole depth of directional sliding drilling along coal seam is less than 2 000 m. This paper starts from the point of view of directional drilling technology, the influencing factors of drilling resistance in sliding drilling process of ultra-long directional drilling are analyzed, and on the basis of theoretical analysis and statistics of actual drilling data, the variation law of sliding drilling resistance with hole depth is revealed, it concluded that the friction resistance between the drilling tool and the hole wall increases with the increase of the hole depth, which is the fundamental reason that restricts the drilling depth, based on this, the hydraulic pressure drag reduction drilling technology and the forward and reverse torsional drag reduction drilling technology are developed, it starts from improving the stress state of bottom hole drilling tool and replacing sliding friction with rolling friction, effectively alleviate the problem of supporting pressure of drilling tools in ultra-long directional drilling, the field application was carried out in the 81210 working face of the second plate area of Baode Coal Mine, the test results show that the slow linear growth zone of drilling resistance is improved from less than 1 000 m to less than 1 500 m by hydraulic pressure drilling, the forward and reverse torsional drilling reduced the sliding drilling pressure by 2 MPa to 4 MPa after 2 000 m, using a combination of hydraulic pressure and positive and reverse torsional drilling techniques, directional sliding drilling was successfully achieved to a depth of 2 700 m, effectively improve the control precision of ultra-long directional drilling trajectory and drilling length, and provided technical support for gas extraction in large panel.

According to the characteristics of large-diameter drill pipe, such as large volume, heavy weight and large quantity used in the drilling process, a large-diameter drill pipe loading and unloading device for coal mine tunnel drilling rig was developed. The paper introduces the scheme formulation of large-diameter drill pipe loading rod device, and describes the design process of manipulator, drill pipe bracket, drill pipe bundle and hoisting unit. In order to improve the efficiency of unloading drill pipe, the rod rubbing device was designed, and the key design points of key components were briefly described. During the industrial test, 3 710 large-diameter drill pipes were unloaded by the large-diameter drill pipe unloading device, with stable action and reliable performance, which met the application requirements of loading and unloading large-diameter drill pipes by tunnel drilling rig.

According to the technological requirements of running screen tube to protect the hole in soft coal seam drilling, a screen tube rotary pushing device was developed. The overall structural layout, key component design and operation method of the rotary pushing device were introduced. During the field industrial test, the cumulative total length of the screen pipe was 14 428 m. The rotary pushing device is simple to operate and reliable to meet the needs of fast and efficient screen pipe lowering in coal seam drilling.

煤矿井下超长孔定向钻进中孔内摩阻是限制其成孔率及成孔效率的主要因素,为适应大盘区瓦斯抽采模式的客观需求,研究实钻过程中摩阻及其影响规律.为顺煤层超长定向钻孔复合钻进减摩阻工艺参数选取提供依据,对煤矿井下顺煤层近水平复合钻进工况下钻柱的钻具运动特性及受力状态进行分析.通过一定的条件假设,建立复合钻进轴向摩擦阻力和旋转摩擦扭矩力学模型,通过数值计算,针对常用?89 mm定向钻具组合,在不同孔深及钻进工艺参数匹配下的摩阻规律特性进行分析.结果表明:机械钻速、钻具转速、钻孔深度是滑动摩擦阻力和旋转摩擦扭矩的主控影响因素,与超长定向钻孔实钻参数统计分析对比,推进阻力和旋转扭矩变化规律与模型计算结果吻合,该结果对于指导近水平钻孔复合定向钻进工艺参数选取、钻进工况判断具有重要的现实意义,同时,对于煤矿井下自动化、智能化定向钻进控制系统设计开发具有借鉴意义.

A universal platform of 4 300 N·m torque tracked drilling rig is built to fulfil the drilling construction in haulage road, return airway, bed plate tunnel and other conventional working condition in coal mine, particularly the full face crossing boreholes drilling. Adopting modular design idea, a series of drilling rigs with shallow drilling capacity of 300 m are developed and designed rapidly. The universal platform includes mature devices like power head and clamp, as well as new devices such as double column angle adjusting device, feed device, crawler body and hydraulic system, which provides the foundation for the modular and rapid design of the drilling rig. According to different tunnel sizes and underground transportation conditions, the integrated crawler drilling rig and split crawler drilling rig are designed individually. Both of them have the characteristics of large adjustment range of pitch angle / azimuth angle, good flexibility, safe and reliable operation.

The KG-300-2J flushing fluid purification circulation system using directional drilling in coal mine is developed. According to the characteristics of directional drilling construction and drilling cuttings, two-stage purification treatment mode including vibrating screen unit and centrifuge unit is adopted. We optimize the structure of vibrating screen unit and centrifuge unit to make it more suitable for the narrow space, transportation and explosion-proof requirements of coal mine. The industrial test shows that the purification circulation system of flushing fluid has stable performance and high reliability, the maximum solid content in the flushing fluid is less than 0.15%, the maximum particle size is less than 5 μm, the treatment capacity and purification accuracy meet the design requirements.

根据煤矿井下钻孔施工的特点及返渣特性,研制了煤矿用钻孔冲洗液固液分离机,采用两级净化处理模式,包含振动筛单元和旋流器单元.优化振动筛单元和旋流器单元结构,使其适合煤矿井下的狭小空间、运输及防爆要求.现场应用表明,钻孔冲洗液固液分离机性能稳定,可靠性高,处理后冲洗液中最大固相含量小于2.1％,最大粒径小于74μm,处理能力及净化精度满足设计要求.

针对大倾角穿层钻孔施工的特殊工艺需求,研制了大倾角全方位调节式履带钻机.介绍了钻机的总体结构布局、主要性能参数、关键部件机械结构设计以及液压系统设计.型式试验表明,钻机各项性能参数达到设计要求,可满足大倾角穿层钻孔施工要求.

Aiming at the inherent limitations of directional drilling flushing fluid open circulation in borehole measurement while drilling, a scheme of closed circulation technology for washing liquid purification by mechanical solid-liquid separation is proposed. Based on the environmental conditions of underground coal mine construction, the characteristics of solid phase and physical properties of flushing fluid and the requirements of directional drilling cycle, the technology of closed circulation of flushing fluid in underground coal mine was developed, and the two-stage mechanical flushing fluid closed circulation device for mine with rated treatment capacity of 200 L/min was developed, and the corresponding technological process was designed. The field test results show that the two-stage mechanical closed-cycle device for flushing fluid can effectively separate the multiphase fluid of gas-liquid-solid returned from the borehole underground coal mine. The solid content of the flushing fluid after treatment is less than 0.15%, and the particle middle-size of the solid content is less than 10 μm, which meets the normal working requirement of the screw motor at the bottom of the borehole. The mechanical closed-cycle technology and device is of great significance for innovating the circulating mode of flushing fluid in directional drilling and reducing the amount of sewage.

针对现有煤矿井下定向钻进技术与装备在钻进3000 m以上顺煤层超长距定向孔中存在的不足,提出采用ZDY15000LD大功率定向钻机和BLY460高压泥浆泵车提高装备钻进能力,通过优化钻进系统冲洗液管路和研制大通孔钻具以降低冲洗液水路压耗,合理设置泥浆脉冲无线随钻测量系统运行参数以提高超长孔工况下信号传输稳定性,利用井下冲洗液净化循环系统实现定向钻进冲洗液循环利用.创新开发了滑动钻进减阻技术、复合钻进倾角控制技术和复合钻进侧钻分支技术等超长定向孔钻进关键技术.结合神东煤炭集团保德煤矿大盘区煤层瓦斯大区域超前治理需要开展3000 m以上顺煤层超长距定向孔钻进的工程实践,创造了主孔深度3353 m的顺煤层超长贯通定向孔深度记录,实践结果表明:超长距定向孔钻进装备系统有效提高了煤矿井下深孔钻进能力,降低了钻进过程中泥浆泵压力,实现了超长孔工况下信号稳定传输,减少了定向钻进时清水用量和污水排放量;开发的超长距定向孔钻进关键技术降低了滑动定向钻进阻力,提高了滑动定向钻进深度、钻进效率和复合钻进应用比例,解决了超长孔内侧钻分支孔的难题.

为实现钻机在具备无轨运输条件的矿井工作面内快速搬迁和降低工人劳动强度,提出了一种满足工况使用条件的胶轮式钻机解决方案.该钻机采用双动力、双系统的配置,搬迁时动力来自发动机,实现行走、转向、制动和临时稳固,搬迁和转场高效灵活,钻孔时动力来自电机,实现回转、给进和辅助调角,施工安全无污染.在完成整机的装配调试后,该钻机进行了地面模拟测试和井下工业性试验,试验结果表明:该钻机工作性能稳定,液压系统平稳,各项参数达到设计要求,为具备无轨运输条件的矿井钻孔施工提供了新的技术装备.

为了解决煤矿井下巷道全断面扇形瓦斯抽采孔快速施工的技术难题,通过对自行走式履带钻机结构和液压系统的设计,研制了ZDY36000LQ型巷道全断面扇形瓦斯抽采孔钻机,钻机的调角机构通过液压马达驱动回转减速器使给进机身在一个断面内进行360°全倾角快速调角,减少钻孔施工的辅助时间,液压系统采用单动控制,操作安全可靠.通过赵庄矿现场试验证明,该钻机结构稳定性强、搬迁方便,是一款可适用于巷道全倾角瓦斯抽采钻孔施工的整体式履带钻机.

液压卡盘是煤矿坑道钻机的关键部件之一,其性能好坏直接影响整机性能.针对目前所使用的液压卡盘存在的一些问题,设计了一种用于ZDY4300LP型钻机的新型液压卡盘.介绍了其主要结构及工作原理,确定了主要技术参数,简述了中心管、卡瓦及片弹簧的设计内容.经工业性试验验证,新型液压卡盘完全满足煤矿坑道钻机的使用要求.

为了解决综掘工作面瓦斯突出的技术难题,通过分析全液压钻机液压系统工作原理,设计了用于乳化液钻机的液压系统,研究不同型号乳化液及配比浓度对乳化液钻机性能参数的影响,设计了一款用于综掘工作面防治瓦斯突出的乳化液钻机,该钻机具有给进行程长、扭矩大、转速高、搬迁方便、操作安全可靠的特点.

针对常规履带钻机调角方式繁琐且辅助工时长的问题,研制了具有角度快速调节功能的全方位调节式履带钻机.采用双立柱快速调角机构,使得钻机的仰俯角和方位角的调节范围为-90°～+90°,水平开孔高度调节范围为1.25～2.25 m,可实现全方位、多层孔的施工要求.现场应用证明,全方位调节式履带钻机稳定性强,搬迁移位方便,是一款可适应多种施工方式的整体式履带钻机.

In order to reduce working hours at angle adjustment of drilling rig and workers' labor intensity and enhance the drilling efficiency in the construction of large-angle coal beds borehole,the ZDY3600LQ all-dip drilling rig was designed and developed through design and analysis on structure function and hydraulic system of the drill rig,to achieve the purposes of widely regulating the pitching angle when the rig is fixed,and full-sectional fan drilling in construction. Laboratory test shows that,this new-type all-dip drilling rig has the advantages of widely pitching angle and inclination range,conveniently and effi-ciently adjusting angles,stable and reliable performance,which can be considered as a new kind of equipment for the coal beds drilling of underground large-angle coal mine.

针对西南矿区煤层厚度低,巷道狭小的特点,研制了轻便型全液压坑道钻机.整机采用主机、泵站和操纵台分体式设计.详细介绍了钻机的主体方案设计、液压系统设计、关键部件设计以及应用情况.实践证明,该钻机是一款重量小、能力大、实用性高的钻机,具有良好的市场推广前景.

On the basis of the Luohe tunnel project of coal slurry pipeline,combined with the geological conditions and engineering construction difficulties,introduces the technology of shallow buried long distance of small section tunnel construction. Discussed the excavation,slag dis-charge,supporting,ventilation and drainage of tunnel,analyzed the construction difficulties and key points of each process,summarizes the technol-ogy’s characteristics and effect of shallow buried long distance of small section tunnel construction,achieved good economic and social benefits.