Edentulism is a severe endpoint of oral-health deterioration and a major challenge for healthy ageing. This study aimed to identify high-risk populations, high-risk areas, and city-year contextual correlates of incident edentulism among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. METHODS:Longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018 were analysed. A total of 43,478 at-risk person-intervals from 19,590 unique participants and 2251 incident edentulism events were included. We integrated spatial mapping, spatial autocorrelation analysis, machine-learning-based feature selection and model comparison, SHAP-based exploratory interpretation, and inequality assessment. Incident edentulism was analysed as an interval-specific incidence proportion. RESULTS:City-level incidence proportions ranged from 0.00% to 10.71% and showed significant spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran's I = 0.137, P = .004). High-incident areas frequently co-occurred with disadvantaged city-year contextual markers, including higher low-education share, stronger rural residence structure, higher agricultural hukou share, and lower household consumption. XGBoost was retained as the primary interpretable tree-based model for SHAP interpretation (internal-test ROC-AUC = 0.730; temporal-validation ROC-AUC = 0.694). SHAP analysis identified age as the largest contributor to model output (mean |SHAP| = 0.6007). Inequality assessment further confirmed higher risks among older adults aged ≥70 years (adjusted OR = 4.384, P < .001), individuals with primary education or below (OR = 1.684, P < .001), agricultural hukou (OR = 1.319, P < .001), disability (OR = 1.181, P = .002), and IADL limitation (OR = 1.131, P = .032). CONCLUSION:Incident edentulism was associated with individual socioeconomic and functional vulnerability and showed exploratory spatial patterning across Chinese cities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Targeted oral-health prevention and tooth-retention strategies are needed for vulnerable older adults, especially those with socioeconomic or functional disadvantages and those living in disadvantaged or ruralized areas.

In the context of rapid digitalization and persistent structural inequality, persons with disabilities (PWDs) face a dual challenge: disparities in educational attainment and limited access to digital resources. While subjective relative deprivation (SRD) has been widely studied in the general population, its determinants among PWDs remain limited. Responding to growing concerns about digital inequality and perceived social exclusion, this study investigates the relationship between educational attainment, internet use, and SRD among PWDs in China. First, we conducted semi-structured interviews with PWDs to gain in-depth insights into their lived experiences and perceptions of SRD. Drawing on these narratives and relevant theoretical frameworks, we developed an exploratory, context-specific SRD scale tailored to this population, which was subsequently applied in a recent, large-scale, nationally representative survey of PWDs in China. Using regression models, KHB decomposition, and causal indirect-effect analysis, we examined both the direct and indirect effects of educational attainment on SRD, introducing internet use as an additional variable. Our findings reveal that higher levels of educational attainment are positively associated with greater SRD, suggesting a “paradox of progress” among PWDs. Moreover, more educated individuals are significantly more likely to use the internet, with greater frequency and across broader dimensions. Internet use plays a dual role in the education–SRD relationship. As a moderator, frequent internet use amplifies upward social comparisons, thereby increasing SRD. As a suppressor, internet use increases the direct effect of educational attainment on SRD and enhances its predictive validity. These dual mechanisms are robust across subgroups defined by urban–rural status, disability type, and birth cohort. Overall, the study highlights the complex role of internet use in shaping perceptions of inequality among PWDs. These findings underscore the need for digital inclusion policies that not only expand access to the internet for marginalized groups but also address the psychological stress and social comparison pressures that may arise from online engagement, particularly among highly educated individuals with disabilities.

Hypertension is an escalating global public health challenge. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and management of hypertension, particularly the role of primary healthcare facilities, in individuals aged ≥ 45 years in mainland China. Data were derived from the 2020 baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, comprising 19,282 participants. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics 25.0 (Chicago), to examine hypertension prevalence across different demographic subgroups, along with detection rates, treatment status, and utilization of medical and health services. The overall prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 37.73%, with rates increasing with age and peaking in the 85 to 94 age group. While no statistically significant differences were found by gender, region, or education level, prevalence was markedly higher among individuals of the Uygur, Tibetan, and Mongolian ethnicities. Divorced or widowed individuals exhibited significantly higher hypertension rates than those of other marital statuses. Notably, 27.25% of hypertensive individuals were diagnosed through routine physical examination. Regarding disease management, 78.9% of hypertensive patients reported using one or more antihypertensive medications, and 77.9% believed that their blood pressure was well controlled. On average, 72.6% of patients received blood pressure monitoring services at primary healthcare facilities approximately 11.91 ± 4.36 times per year. However, <50% of the patients reported receiving health education for the prevention of hypertension-related complications. Hypertension is highly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults in Mainland China. Enhancing the effectiveness of primary healthcare services is essential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Greater efforts are needed to strengthen health education, raise public awareness, and promote self-management among patients to reduce the burden of hypertension and its associated complications.

Fertility intentions in East Asia are increasingly constrained by rising educational expenditures and growing parental educational aspirations. While existing studies have examined the relationship between homeownership and fertility, they typically treat homeownership as a homogeneous status, largely overlooking how homeownership is stratified by access to scarce, higher-quality public educational resources. Using data from the Survey of Marriage and Fertility among Young Adult Women in Nine Provinces (Municipalities) in China (2025), we find that, compared with ownership of non-school district housing, ownership of school district housing is positively associated with additional fertility intentions among mothers. This association remains robust across a comprehensive set of identification strategies and alternative specifications. We further identify two mediating mechanisms: elevated expectations regarding household financial prospects and children's future socioeconomic status. Moreover, the positive association is significantly stronger among highly educated households. By introducing the geography of opportunity perspective into the housing-fertility nexus and focusing on school district housing, this study enriches the multidimensional understanding of housing stratification and extends existing research on the relationship between homeownership and fertility.

Rapid urbanization in China fragments habitats and simplifies green space structure, but cities are increasingly piloting compact "ecological micro-interventions" whose cross-taxa benefits remain weakly quantified. This study causally evaluates five scalable interventions native flower strips, seasonal unmown refugia, hygiene-protocol bee hotels, bird/bat nest boxes, and shaded riparian "dark corridors"-on plants, soil microbiota, pollinators, birds, and bats across 12 major Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Chengdu, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Xi'an, Tianjin, and Suzhou) during 2012-2024. We integrate 13,962 site-years of observations (vegetation plots, soil eDNA/metabarcoding, pan-trap & transect pollinators, standardized bird point counts, full-spectrum bat acoustics) with annual remote-sensing covariates (NDVI, NDBI, and summertime land-surface temperature). A hierarchical Bayesian multi-taxa occupancy-abundance model links interventions to guild-level responses; a city-block matched difference-in-differences design identifies causal effects; and structural equation modeling partitions direct habitat effects from microbiome-mediated pathways. Results indicate that (i) connected dark corridors reduce nocturnal illuminance by 0.8-2.1 lx and increase bat activity by 21% (95% CI: 12-30%), strongest along restored riverfronts in Wuhan and Chengdu; (ii) unmown refugia extend season-long floral continuity and raise pollinator richness by 25% (16-34%), with bird insectivory indices up 11% via prey spillovers; (iii) bee-hotel hygiene (<= 6 mm apertures; 36-month cleaning) cuts parasite load by 39% (27-51%) and lifts cavity-nester occupancy by 23% (13-32%); (iv) native flower strips increase plant alpha-diversity by 0.35 Shannon units and boost arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance by 20% (11-29%); and (v) nest boxes placed <8 m within multilayer vegetation improve passerine breeding success by 14% (5-23%), particularly in Shenzhen and Hangzhou where shrub layers are intact. Networked micro-interventions, paired with microbiome-aware management and low-light riparian design, deliver measurable, multi-trophic biodiversity gains in dense Chinese cities and provide an actionable template for municipal biodiversity net-gain policies.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common after childbirth and may adversely affect women’s quality of life. However, most postpartum studies have focused on urinary incontinence or symptom prevalence at a single time point, with limited information on longitudinal symptom trajectories, symptom-specific burden, and factors associated with LUTS during the first postpartum year, particularly in Asian populations. This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Beijing, China. A total of 2,190 women completed assessments at 42 days and one year postpartum using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS). Prevalence, longitudinal trajectories, and symptom-specific bother were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with postpartum LUTS. At one year postpartum, 56.0

BACKGROUND:Surgery/anesthesia is major physiological stressors related to biological aging, while physical activity (PA) is known to have anti-aging effects. However, the relationship between PA and surgery-associated biological aging remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between surgical history and biological aging and to examine whether PA modifies this relationship. METHODS:This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the UK Biobank, including 126,668 participants aged ≥60 years with complete surgical histories, PhenoAge biomarker data, and relevant covariates. Three analyses assessed associations between biological aging and number of major surgeries, shortest interval between adjacent surgeries, and time since most recent surgery. PA was assessed using questionnaire-derived MET-min/week, and PA levels were categorized as high (≥600) or low (<600 MET-min/week). Biological aging was measured using PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), calculated from chronological age and nine clinical biomarkers (higher values indicate accelerated aging). Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. RESULTS:Higher cumulative surgical exposure was significantly associated with PhenoAgeAccel. Compared to those with no surgeries, participants with ≥4 surgeries had a 0.14 to 0.39-year PhenoAgeAccel. Shorter surgical intervals (≤1 year) were associated with a 0.11-year PhenoAgeAccel compared to intervals >5 years. More recent surgery (≤1 year) was associated with a 0.35-year PhenoAgeAccel. High PA attenuated these associations. In high-PA individuals, statistically significant aging was observed only with ≥5 surgeries (vs ≥4 in low-PA) and within one year of recent surgery. No significant acceleration was observed in high-PA individuals with short surgical intervals. CONCLUSION:Number of surgeries, short surgical intervals, and recent surgery are associated with accelerated biological aging, which indicates that optimizing surgical timing may represent a potential strategy to mitigate the biological burden associated with repeated surgical exposure. Furthermore, the level of PA is negatively correlated with surgery-related aging.

Background: The drivers of global obesity extend beyond diet and economic growth—yet the roles of health awareness (proxied by media attention) and bariatric healthcare supply have not been integrated into a unified macro-ecological framework. This study quantifies the triadic influence of economic development, dietary intake, media-driven health awareness, and bariatric surgery provision on obesity dynamics across 195 countries, and applies the model to generate regionally differentiated policy guidance for China. Methods: We assembled a panel dataset spanning 195 countries from 1980 to 2024, integrating five data sources: WHO Global Health Observatory (age-standardised obesity prevalence), World Bank (GDP per capita), FAO Food Balance Sheets (dietary energy supply), IFSO Global Registry Reports (bariatric procedures per million), and a constructed health-news interest index from Google Trends and GDELT. Eight model specifications were compared. The primary specification models annual changes in obesity prevalence (Δ-obesity) via random forest, eliminating autoregressive dominance. Scenario simulations projected 15-year trajectories under baseline and policy-counterfactual conditions. China was analysed across seven geographic macro-regions. Findings: Among eight candidate models, those incorporating the lagged dependent variable achieved R²>0.999 but were discarded because obesity_lag1 dominated feature importance (>89%). The primary Δ-obesity model (R²=0.29, RMSE=0.24 pp/yr) identified GDP×health-news interaction as the strongest predictor (importance=18.0%), followed by 3-year-lagged dietary intake (16.7%) and GDP×bariatric-surgery interaction (14.0%). Mixed-effects modelling confirmed an inverted-U GDP–obesity relationship (ln[GDP] β=+18.57, p<0.001; ln[GDP]² β=−0.77, p<0.001). China has an obesity prevalence of 9.3%—18.6 percentage points below its income-group expectation—but its annual growth rate has accelerated from +0.09 pp/yr (1990–2000) to +0.50 pp/yr (2020–2024). Sub-national analysis identified Central China (0.51 pp/yr), North China, and Northeast China as first-priority intervention regions. Interpretation: China's obesity prevalence remains remarkably low for its income level, but accelerating growth signals a narrowing policy window. The interaction between economic development and health-news penetration is the strongest predictor of obesity change, implying that public health campaigns yield greater marginal returns during middle-income transitions. Region-specific intervention packages are urgently needed.

BACKGROUND:Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to explore the pattern of multimorbidity development and disease trajectories in individuals with overweight and obesity. METHODS:We followed a cohort of 392 541 individuals retrospectively from the UK Biobank. This cohort included 131 075 with normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), 169 075 with overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), and 92 391 with obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). Participants were followed for the diagnoses of 49 NCDs. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the risk of common diseases. Disease trajectory analyses were conducted to map the progression patterns of multimorbidity among individuals with overweight or obesity. RESULTS:During a median follow-up of 12.74 years, compared with individuals with normal weight, individuals with overweight had a higher risk of diagnosis of 17 NCDs, while those with obesity had 27. We identified 35 and 103 disease trajectories in individuals with overweight and obesity, among which, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases were key hub diseases. In particular, the age of disease diagnosis in individuals with obesity was younger than those with overweight, and the disease trajectory network in individuals with obesity was also 1.93 times more complex than overweight. Among identified disease trajectories, cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD) and dyslipidemia, often appeared early, while heart failure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) appeared in a later stage of disease development. In women with obesity, depression diagnosis preceded most other multimorbidities and progressed to anxiety, painful conditions and CKD. CONCLUSION:Obesity can significantly contribute to a higher risk of multimorbidities at younger ages and with a more complex disease development trajectory than both normal weight and overweight populations. Early interventions for cardiometabolic diseases in individuals with overweight or obesity and depression in women with obesity are essential for multimorbidity management.

BackgroundResearch indicates that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults is linked to physical activity; however, the relationship between varying levels of physical activity (PAL) and the risk of MCI needs further exploration.ObjectiveThis study explores the association and dose–response relationship between different levels of physical activity and MCI in older adults.MethodsUsing data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this cross-sectional analysis included 5,373 older adults aged 60 and above. Binary logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) methods were employed to examine the association and dose–response relationship between different PAL levels and the risk of MCI in the overall population and subgroups. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the results.ResultsIn the overall study population, compared to the lowest PAL quartile, participants in the second PAL quartile had a significantly reduced risk of MCI by 21.3% (p < 0.05). Given that the second PAL quartile had the lowest risk of MCI, a logistic regression model was constructed using the second quartile as the reference group. The results showed that, compared to the second PAL quartile, participants in the first and fourth PAL quartiles had significantly increased risks of MCI by 27.1% (p < 0.05) and 38.2% (p < 0.05), respectively. In subgroup analyses, compared to the second PAL quartile, female participants in the third and fourth PAL quartiles had significantly increased risks of MCI by 50.1% (p < 0.05) and 89.0% (p < 0.05), respectively; participants aged 60–74 in the first and fourth PAL quartiles had significantly increased risks of MCI by 29.4% (p < 0.05) and 42.2% (p < 0.05), respectively; and rural residents in the fourth PAL quartile had a significantly increased risk of MCI by 33.5% (p < 0.05). In the Chinese older adult population, a dose–response relationship was observed between physical activity and the risk of MCI. The RCS curve showed that as physical activity increased, the risk of MCI gradually decreased, reaching a beneficial point at 900 MET-min/week, with the lowest risk at approximately 1,600 MET-min/week. Beyond 1,600 MET-min/week, the risk of MCI began to rise, reaching a significant increase at 2,100 MET-min/week. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.ConclusionPhysical activity levels between 900 and 2,100 MET-min/week are associated with a reduced risk of MCI in the Chinese older adult population. Using physical activity to predict the risk of MCI in this population is feasible, and moderate physical activity may be an effective strategy for preventing and managing MCI.

ObjectivePrenatal depression is a prevalent mental health challenge encountered during pregnancy and is notably associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to elucidate the likelihood and determinants of depressive symptoms among pregnant individuals in Beijing, thereby laying a foundational framework for the theoretical underpinning of prenatal screening and preemptive interventions for mental disorders.MethodsThe study dataset was derived from 4,564 pregnant individuals in Beijing utilizing a cross-sectional survey methodology. Data collection focused primarily on the personal and obstetric information of the participants. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was employed as the primary screening tool to identify depressive symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among the included pregnant individuals was 4.1%. The univariate analysis results revealed statistically significant differences in the incidence of depressive symptoms in women with different parities, numbers of births, medication use, numbers of abortions, prepregnancy weights, and body mass indices (BMIs) (the χ2 values were 61.130, 52.008, 23.291, 5.293, and 12.681, respectively; P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of depressive symptoms among women with different occupation types (χ2 = 30.263, P<0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results revealed that a greater number of pregnancies, number of births, and BMI were risk factors for prenatal depression, whereas the commercial and service worker occupation types were protective factors against prenatal depression.ConclusionFuture directives should emphasize the enhancement of screening for depressive symptoms among pregnant individuals with greater parity and BMIs, alongside encouraging continued employment and flexible job selection. It is imperative to implement suitable intervention strategies for pregnant individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms to mitigate the incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

What is already known about this topic?:Previous research has established a connection between medical service utilization, activity participation, and subjective well-being in the general population. However, few studies have investigated the mediating role of economic participation in the relationship between rehabilitation services utilization and subjective relative deprivation (SRD) among persons with disabilities (PWDs). What is added by this report?:Rehabilitation services utilization reduces SRD among PWDs [β=-0.532, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.832, -0.231,P<0.001] via increased economic participation (KHB: β=-0.044, 95% CI: -0.087, -0.001, P<0.05). What are the implications for public health practice?:To alleviate SRD among PWDs, policymakers should prioritize improving access to rehabilitation services and enhancing economic participation, with particular focus on individuals with mild to moderate disabilities, those with higher education levels, and urban residents. Mental health support should also be provided to prevent psychological issues stemming from SRD.

Unstable access to safe drinking water may harm mental health, yet its impact by sex remains unclear. We aimed to explore sex-specific associations between household water sources and depressive symptoms (DS) in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. 5,868 participants aged ≥ 40 years were selected from China Family Panel Studies (2012–2020). We used time-varying Cox models to assess the association between household water sources and DS. Group-based trajectory models were employed to identify water-use trajectories, and logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between trajectory groups and post-follow-up DS. Meanwhile, we quantified the increase in DS burden attributable to the use of unstable water. There was a significant association between household water sources and DS, with notable differences between sexes. For females, relative to stable water, using unstable water was significantly associated with higher follow-up DS risk [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.260, 95

Spoken Named Entity Recognition (NER) aims to extract entities from speech. The extracted entities can help voice assistants better understand user's questions and instructions. However, current Chinese Spoken NER datasets are laboratory-controlled data that are collected by reading existing texts in quiet environments, rather than natural spoken data, and the texts used for reading are also limited in topics. These limitations obstruct the development of Spoken NER in more natural and common real-world scenarios. To address this gap, we introduce a real-world Chinese Spoken NER dataset (RWCS-NER), encompassing open-domain daily conversations and task-oriented intelligent cockpit instructions. We compare several mainstream pipeline approaches on RWCS-NER. The results indicate that the current methods, affected by Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) errors, do not perform satisfactorily in real settings. Aiming to enhance Spoken NER in real-world scenarios, we propose two approaches: self-training-asr and mapping then distilling (MDistilling). Experiments show that both approaches can achieve significant improvements, particularly MDistilling. Even compared with GPT4.0, MDistilling still reaches better results. We believe that our work will advance the field of Spoken NER in real-world settings.

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Affecting more than 40% of the world's population, Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for gastric cancer. While previous clinical trials indicated that eradication of H. pylori could reduce gastric cancer risk, this remains to be shown using a population-based approach. We conducted a community-based, cluster-randomized, controlled, superiority intervention trial in Linqu County, China, with individuals who tested positive for H. pylori using a C-13-urea breath test randomly assigned to receiving either (1) a 10-day, quadruple anti-H. pylori treatment (comprising 20 mg of omeprazole, 750 mg of tetracycline, 400 mg of metronidazole and 300 mg of bismuth citrate) or (2) symptom alleviation treatment with a single daily dosage of omeprazole and bismuth citrate. H. pylori-negative individuals did not receive any treatment. We examined the incidence of gastric cancer as the primary outcome. A total of 180,284 eligible participants from 980 villages were enrolled over 11.8 years of follow-up, and a total of 1,035 cases of incident gastric cancer were documented. Individuals receiving anti-H. pylori therapy showed a modest reduction in gastric cancer incidence in intention-to-treat analyses (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.74-0.99), with a stronger effect observed for those having successful H. pylori eradication (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.69-0.96) than for those who failed treatment. Moderate adverse effects were reported in 1,345 participants during the 10-day treatment. We observed no severe intolerable adverse events during either treatment or follow-up. The findings suggest the potential for H. pylori mass screening and eradication as a public health policy for gastric cancer prevention.

ObjectivesRehabilitation is crucial to improve the health status of people with disabilities. Previous studies mainly analysed the impact of health insurance on utilisation of general health services; the relationship between health insurances and rehabilitation services utilisation among Chinese people with disabilities has been long neglected. This study aimed to analyse the association between health insurance programs and rehabilitation services utilisation among disabled people.Study designThis was a cross-sectional study.MethodsThe data used in this study were derived from 2021 National Household Income Survey of Disabled People and National Basic Database of People with Disabilities conducted by China Disabled Persons’ Federation. Logistic regression model was used to analyse the relationship between health insurance and rehabilitation services utilisation, and the propensity score matching method was used to check the robustness of the results.Results(1) Disabled people insured by the Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban Employees (BMISUE) and the Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban and Rural Residents (BMISURR) were positively associated with rehabilitation service utilisation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.852, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.268, 2.707; OR = 1.375, 95% CI: 0.962, 1.966). (2) The utilisation level of rehabilitation service among disabled people insured by BMISUE was significantly higher than those insured by BMISURR (OR = 1.355, 95% CI: 1.161, 1.581). (3) The supply of rehabilitation services at the community level was positively correlated with the utilisation by people with disabilities.ConclusionHealth insurance can improve the financial accessibility of using rehabilitation services, and the utilisation level will increase as the benefits level of health insurance increase.

BACKGROUND:Postpartum depression is a common and serious mental health problem that is affecting an increasing percentage of the world's population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms in Beijing, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify several potential risk factors. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at Peking University First Hospital from 2020 to 2021. Women who delivered and had postpartum reviews at 42 days after delivery were invited to complete the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) under the guidance of trained nurses. A score of ≥10 was used as the threshold of postpartum depression. t-tests, chi-square tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were applied. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms. RESULTS:A total of 2462 mothers were included in this study, 20.2 % of whom were considered to have postpartum depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that formula feeding (OR = 2.219, 95 % CI: 1.300-3.786, P = 0.013), preterm birth (OR = 1.619, 95 % CI: 1.108-2.367, P = 0.013), cervical insufficiency (OR 3.022, 95 % CI: 1.200-7.615, P = 0.019) and history of depression (OR = 6.519, 95 % CI: 1.537-27.659, P = 0.011) were associated with a high prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION:There is a high prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms in developed regions of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. More attention should be given to mothers with risk factors for PPD, and follow-up care is needed.

Background and objectives The psychological problems of hemodialysis (HD) patients are prominent, and benefit finding (BF) have been proven beneficial to physical and mental health, fewer researchers explored BF in HD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of BF in patients with chronic kidney disease and to analyze the factors influencing it in order to provide a reference for subsequent interventions. Methods A cross-sectional study was done on 246 HD patients by convenience sampling in the hemodialysis center of a 3 A hospital in Shanghai from March to September 2019. The measures include General Information Questionnaire, Benefit Finding Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, and Simplified Coping Style scale. Results The median (interquartile range, IQR) score of BF was 66 (IQR = 19) and it was lower compared with other chronic diseases. Significant differences in BF scores were found between different age groups, HD duration categories, and understanding degrees of HD. Taking BF as the dependent variable, the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, duration of HD, family support, other support, positive coping, and self-efficacy entered the regression equation to explain 43.8% of the total variation. Social support played an indirect effect in the relationship between positive coping and BF, accounting for 54.1% of the total effect. Conclusion The BF of HD patients is worrisome and affected by many factors. Medical staff could pay attention to the positive psychology of HD patients, and construct individualized interventions according to the influencing factors to improve their BF level and achieve physical and mental health.