To develop the rich resources of Eucommia ulmoides leaves in China, the optimal conditions of extracting polysaccharides from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by ultrasonic and microwave, the physicochemical properties and the anticoagulant activity in vitro of the extracted polysaccharides were studied. Firstly, the ranges of factors affecting the yield of polysaccharide, such as ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, microwave power, ratio of solid to liquid, extraction time, were determined by single factor experiment. The key factors were further screened by Plackett­Burman test, and the Box-Behnken test was used to optimize the process conditions. Finally, the physicochemical properties, such as molecular weight and monosaccharide composition, and the anticoagulant indices, such as activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) of the refined Eucommia ulmoides leaf polysaccharides, were analyzed. The results showed that the ratio of solid to liquid, the extraction time and the extraction temperature were the key factors. The optimal extraction conditions were the ultrasonic power of 130 W, the extraction temperature of 49 ℃, the microwave power of 200 W, the solid-liquid ratio of 1 to 30 (g:mL) and the extraction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, the actual yield of Eucommia ulmoides leaf polysaccharides was 4.02%±0.03%, close to the theoretical yield of 4.08%. The weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of the refined polysaccharide was 1653 kDa, and the composition and molar ratio of monosaccharide were 37.3% fructose, 35% glucose, 14.6% n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, 8.6% galactose and 4.4% arabinose. The results showed that the polysaccharides of Eucommia ulmoides leaves was β-type acidic polysaccharide. Compared with the negative control, the Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides significantly increased APTT (P<0.01), and significantly increased PT and TT (P<0.01) at the concentration of 8 mg/mL, indicating that it mainly affected coagulation system through endogenous pathway, could also affect the coagulation process through exogenous and common pathways. This study could provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the high-value utilization of Eucommia ulmoides leaves in China.

In the present study, phenolic compounds from Gomphrena globosa L. (GGLPCs) including total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, flavanols, and phenolic acids were measured by spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activities of GGLPCs were assessed by radical scavengings of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt (ABTS) cation, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), phosphomolybdenum antioxidative power (PAP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activities of GGLPCs in vitro were investigated using micro-plate dilution method and colorimetry, respectively. The results showed that GGLPCs containing abundant phenolic compounds, had obvious antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (especially against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes), and significant inhibitory effects on lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and trypsin in vitro. Thus, the results showed that GGLPC may be used as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent, as well as drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and inflammation-related diseases.

以工程教育专业认证标准为教学改革实践的基础,构建基于慕课的"食品化学"优质课程资源及与高效翻转课堂相结合的混合式教学模式,为"食品化学"课程的内涵发展提供了思路创新途径,为学生自主学习、归纳总结、拓展知识、学用结合等方面能力的培养拓宽了道路,为教师课程资源建设、课程设计、教学实施、持续改进等能力的提高奠定了坚实的基础.

Cortex Mori Radicis (CMR) is enriched in various phenolics, this study aimed to estimate the antioxidant effect, enzyme (lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and acetyl-cholinesterase) inhibition and the anti-proliferative effect of the phenolic compounds in CMR. However, the amount of these compounds obtained from CMR is highly dependent on the processing conditions. In this study, the processing parameters of extracting the phenolics from CMR using ultrasonic technique pooled with high-speed shearing extraction (UTPHSE) were optimized. Subsequently, the phenolics from Cortex Mori Radicis (PCMR) were purified using AB-8 macroporous resin, and their chemical analysis, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiproliferative activities were studied. Based on our findings, the optimal parameters of UTPHSE were: L/S ratio 25.8:1 (mL/g), voltage 81.0 V, ultrasonic temperature 51.8 ℃ and ultrasonic time 289 s. And under the optimal extraction conditions, the extraction rate of the PCMR was 0.531 ± 0.004%. Compared with PCMR, the contents of “total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, flavanols and phenolic acids” increased 2.30, 2.67, 2.59, 3.63 and 2.72 times in the purified phenolics from Cortex Mori Radicis (PPCMR), respectively. In addition, PPCMR depicted significant DPPH, ABTS+ and superoxide anion radicals’ scavenging capability, reducing power, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and remarkable inhibitory activities on “lipase, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and the proliferation of HeLa, HepG2 and NCI-H460”. At the same time, the morphological changes of HeLa, HepG2 and NCI-H460 cells suggested that PPCMR could effectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. Therefore, PPCMR have good potential as natural antioxidants, antilipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antineoplastic agents in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.

Phenolic compounds from the flower of Clitoria ternatea L. (PCFCTL) were extracted using a high-speed shearing extraction technique and purified by AB-8 macroporous resins, and the phytochemical composition of the purified phenolic compounds from the flower of Clitoria ternatea L. (PPCFCTL) was then analyzed. Subsequently, its bioactivities including antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibitory activities, and antiproliferative activities against several tumor cell lines were evaluated. Results indicated that the contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, flavanols, and phenolic acids in PPCFCTL were increased by 3.29, 4.11, 2.74, 2.43, and 2.96-fold, respectively, compared with those before being purified by AB-8 macroporous resins. The results showed PPCFCTL have significant antioxidant ability (measured by reducing power, RP, and ferric reducing antioxidant power method, FRAP) and good DPPH, ABTS+, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. They can also significantly inhibit lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. In addition, morphological changes of HeLa, HepG2, and NCI-H460 tumor cells demonstrated the superior antitumor performance of PPCFCTL. However, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was relatively weak. These findings suggest that PPCFCTL have important potential as natural antioxidant, antilipidemic, anti-glycemic and antineoplastic agents in health-promoting foods.

课程是学校培养合格人才的基本单元，学生在学习课程后应该达到应有的知识、能力与素质即为课程目标 达成度。每学期课程结束后都需要对课程目标达成度进行合理评价，以便为下一次课程改进提供依据，同时也 是毕业要求达成度评价和专业教学持续改进的凭据，为目前在一流专业建设中的专业认证提供有力证据。本文 以徐州工程学院食品科学与工程专业的食品工厂设计课程为例，基于产出导向理念，建立了课程目标评价方法， 详细介绍了课程目标达成度评价的考核内容、计算方法和评价结果的分析应用。结果表明，课程目标达成度评 价机制和方法能及时发现教学中存在的不足，在此基础上分析教学方法、教学内容等各方面的原因，提出改进 措施，促进教学质量的不断提高。

Abstract The health benefits and promising medical treatment potential of total flavonoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (TFELDC) have been recognized. The process parameters of extracting total flavonoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. by ultrasonic–microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) were optimized, and they were purified by AB‐8 macroporous resin in the current study. In addition, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the purified TFELDC (PTFELDC) were evaluated. The results showed that the optimal parameters of UMSE were as follows: ethanol volume fraction 71.5%, L/S ratio 12.2 ml/g, microwave power 318 W, and extraction time 143 s. After TFELDC were purified by AB‐8 macroporous resin, the total flavonoid contents of PTFELDC increased from 208.18 ± 1.60 to 511.19 ± 3.21 mg RE/g FDS. Compared with TFELDC, the content of total flavonoids in PTFELDC was increased by 2.46 times. The antioxidant activities of PTFELDC were assessed using DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, and the IC50 values were found to be 37.13, 19.62, 81.22, and 24.72 μg/ml, respectively. The enzyme inhibitory activities of PTFELDC were measured using lipase, α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase assays with the IC50 values 1.38, 2.08, 1.63, and 0.58 mg/ml, respectively. By comparing with their positive controls, it was found that PTFELDC had good antioxidant activities, and lipase, α‐amylase, and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities, However, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was relatively weaker. These results suggested that PTFELDC have a promising potential as natural antioxidant, antilipidemic, and hypoglycemic drugs used in functional foods or pharmaceuticals.

在共享优质教育教学资源的倡导下,教学模式不断创新.现代化高校模式是把传统课堂教学与精品资源共享课有效密切地联系起来,充分发挥学生自主学习的能力.本文以食品专业英语课程为例,从教学资源建设、教学实施方案、教学效果上阐述了新教学模式下的翻转课堂,并阐述了在实施过程中存在的问题及改进措施.

High oxygen modified atmosphere is a new packaging technique, which usually contain 70%~80% oxygen and 20%~30 carbon dioxide. The oxygen can promote the stabilization of meats red color and carbon dioxide will prolong the shelf life of meats by inhibiting the microorganism growth. In this paper, researches on applications of high oxygen modified atmosphere in meats were summarized, including effects of high oxygen modified atmosphere on meats color, microbial growth under high oxygen modified atmosphere, effects of high oxygen modified atmosphere on lipid and protein oxidation in meats as well as the ways for enhancing the qualities of meats in high oxygen modified atmosphere. The stability of meat color was correlated to types of muscle, increased by increasing the oxygen concentration and decreased by increasing the carbon dioxide concentration. The stability of meat color was also influenced by oxidation of meats, especially lipid oxidation. The microorganism in meats under high oxygen modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) were inhibited by CO2 and showed a reduction of maximum specific growth rate and extension of log phase. High&nbsp;oxygen MAP will induce oxidation of lipid and hemoglobin as well as protein cross-linking in meats, which can lead to decreasing tenderness and juiciness. High oxygen MAP will lead to premature browning phenomenon when the meats under high oxygen MAP were cooked. Addition of some preservatives and antioxidants was an effective method to improve the qualities and to extend the shelf life of meats in high oxygen MAP.

比较研究了不同溶剂提取所得牛蒡皮的抑菌性能,对牛蒡皮中抑菌活性物质进行了分析.分别以氯仿、无水乙醇、丙酮、异丁醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚提取牛蒡皮,滤纸片法研究了6种处理方法所得牛蒡提取物对大肠杆菌O157∶H7,肠炎沙门氏菌,单增李斯特菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,副溶血性弧菌,恶臭假单胞菌、荧光假单胞菌、巨型葡萄球菌的抑菌效果.结果表明,6种提取物对供试菌种均有一定的抑菌作用,其中,乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物抑菌效果最好.分别以石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇对牛蒡皮提取物进行萃取,对各部分抑菌活性进行分析.石油醚相抑菌活性显著(p＜0.05)优于其他萃取相.采用硅胶层析柱对石油醚相进行分离纯化得到9个级分S1～S9,9个级分均具有抑菌活性,从S5中分离得化合物X,经质谱与核磁共振鉴定为豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的混合物.

The proportion of young teachers in colleges and universitieswas rising nowadays,and the teaching ability of young teachers would influence the sustainable development of education.Under the background of education reform,young teachers teaching capacity was of great urgency.To improve young teachers' teaching ability,tracking guidance system was set up to test the track project,the lecture competitions were set up for the study of teaching and research projects and teaching reflection was carried out.

分别以溶剂法、微波法及超声波法所得洋葱多糖为研究对象,研究了其对羟基自由基及DPPH的清除效果。结果表明:洋葱多糖对羟基自由基及DPPH均表现出了较好的清除能力,且浓度与清除效果呈现剂量-效应关系,洋葱多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性。比较不同提取方法所得洋葱多糖对各种自由基清除效果得知:微波法提取洋葱多糖清除自由基效果优于溶剂法和超声波法。

研究牛蒡叶提取物的抑菌活性以及加工条件对其稳定性的影响.以牛蒡叶柄为原料,分别采用丙酮、乙酸乙酯、异丁醇、氯仿、乙醇和石油醚浸提法进行粗提,得到5种粗提物,以食品中常见的16种污染菌为受试菌种,以抑菌圈直径和最低抑菌浓度发为测试指标,对上述5种提取物的抑菌效果进行评价,并以大肠杆菌O157∶H7、肠炎沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为受试菌,考察了热处理、紫外照射及常见食品添加剂对其抑菌稳定性的影响.结果表明:牛蒡叶乙酸乙酯提取物抑菌效果最好;加工条件对牛蒡叶乙酸乙酯提取物抑菌效果无显著影响.

Purpose:To investigate the protective effects of burdock concentrate on concanavalin A(ConA)-induced liver injury in mice.Methods:Mice liver injury model was induced by ConA vena caudalis injection.Liver,thymus and spleen index,contents of ALT,AST in serum and TNF-α,NO in liver were measured.Liver histopathological changes were examined accordingly.Results:Compared with modal group,the liver index was decreased and thymus index was increased in PA(peel of burdock extrated by ethanol)group(p0.05).The contents of ALT,AST in serum,and TNF-α,NO in liver homogenate were significantly decreased(p0.01).A significant improvement was also observed in pathohistology examination.MW(peeled root extrated by water)had no effect on biochemical indicators and liver histological morphology in mice.Conclusion:PA has protective effect on ConA-induced liver injury in mice.This maybe implementated by inhibiting T lymphocyte activity and decreasing the release of inflammatory factors.

研究了不同科属植物提取物对食源性致病菌的抑制作用.景天科、百合科、马齿苋科、菊科和番杏科植物分别采用乙醇进行提取,最大抑菌圈法研究其抑菌性能.景天科、百合科、菊科、马齿苋科和番杏科5个科属受试植物均具有抑菌效果,其中马齿苋科植物提取物抑菌效果最强.

对徐州地区主要栽培的柳川理想和黄肌2个品种牛蒡中的水分、还原糖、可溶性糖、氨基酸、蛋白质、矿物元素含量和多酚氧化酶活力进行了测定比较。2个品种牛蒡中水分、可溶性糖、氨基酸和蛋白质含量(%)较高,还原糖含量则较低,其中柳川理想牛蒡中的水分、可溶性糖、还原糖及Ca、Mn和Se含量均大于黄肌牛蒡,而氨基酸、蛋白质、Fe、Cd、Cu、Pb和Cr含量则低于黄肌牛蒡。2个品种的多酚氧化酶活力均较高,柳川理想牛蒡的多酚氧化酶活力高于黄肌牛蒡。

选取香果、香叶、沙姜和陈皮为原料,以乙醇为溶剂对其进行浸提,最大滤纸片法探讨提取物的体外抗茵作用.结果表明:各种香辛料对细菌都有一定的抑制作用,其中陈皮的抑茵效果最弱,香果、香叶和沙姜的抑茵作用相当.

以海带为原料,通过正交设计优化了功能性海带叶绿素锌盐的制备工艺,并对其稳定性进行了研究。试验表明:在60℃下,以风干叶质量(g)/碱量(5%NaOH)(mL)=6/2,皂化40min;风干叶质量(g)/20%ZnSO4(mL)=4/3,锌代2h;pH值12左右成盐。所制备叶绿素锌盐粉末呈墨绿色,溶于水,有一定的抗氧化还原性,光、热稳定性较好。具有一定的营养和保健功能,是一种比叶绿素应用更为方便的理想天然色素。

The antibacterial activities of burdock roots against Vibrio parahemolyticus were investigated.The peel and peeled root of two varieties of burdock named Liuchuan and Huangji were extracted with 80％ ethanol,classed as LP,LR,HP and HR respectively.The data from disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values showed that the antibacterial activity of LP was more significant than that of LR,HP and HR.The time - kill study indicated that V.parahemolyticus was reduced to non-detectable levels with 1000 μL/mL LP extract treatment at 4 and 25 ℃ for 7 h in DW and no bacteria cell was detected with all treatment on Day 1 at 4 and 25 ℃ in BHI.Basing on its good antibacterial activitiy,LP could be useful in control of V.parahemolyticus.

对溶剂法、微波法提取洋葱多糖的工艺进行了比较研究。采用正交试验确定水提法提取洋葱多糖的最佳条件为:料液比1∶25、时间5h和温度70℃;微波超声波协同法提取的最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶25、功率250W和时间80s;本试验中2种提取方法对洋葱多糖的提取率大小依次为:水提取法>微波提取法。