以吊兰[Chlorophytum comosum(Thunb.)Baker.]、慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia var.sinensis)、铜钱草[Hydrocotyle chinensis(Dunn)Craib]3种水培植物为研究对象,分析其在室内水培条件下,在高氮、磷浓度(实测NO3--N浓度为41.40 mg/L,PO3-4-P浓度为3.55 mg/L)水体和中高氮、磷浓度(实测NO3--N浓度为19.09 mg/L,PO3-4-P浓度为1.80 mg/L)水体中的根长、茎长和叶片叶绿素a含量的变化情况,以及对氮、磷的去除率.结果表明,铜钱草对高氮、磷浓度的耐受性较好,吊兰次之,慈姑对高氮、磷浓度的耐受性较差.在高浓度氮、磷组,氮的去除率表现为吊兰>铜钱草>慈姑,而在中高浓度氮、磷组,对氮的去除率表现为铜钱草>吊兰>慈姑;在高氮、磷浓度组,3种植物对磷的去除率表现为铜钱草>吊兰>慈姑,在中高氮、磷浓度组,对磷的去除率表现为铜钱草>慈姑>吊兰.水生植物在生长状态不佳的情况下,对氮、磷的吸收去除能力肯定较差,而在生长状态较好的情况下,对氮、磷的吸收去除能力不一定强.研究结果为水体富营养化或黑臭水体的治理提供了参考,为水生植被的恢复提供了借鉴.

Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China, has a seasonal flooding cycle that significantly changes the water level every year. The aim of this study was to research the effects of water-level changes on periphytic algal assemblages in Poyang Lake. Dynamic shift of periphytic algal biomass were studied from November 2016 to July 2019. Periphytic algal biomass and species composition were analyzed microscopically, and physicochemical conditions were measured. There were significant seasonal variations in the community distribution of periphytic algae. The biomass of the periphyton ranged from 8 to 22,636 mg m-2. Periphytic algal biomass ranged from 30 to 622 mg m-2 with the average of 204 mg m-2 in the LWL phase; periphytic algal biomass ranged from 8 to 21,839 mg m-2, with the average of 3,399 mg m-2 in the IWL phase. It ranged from 166 to 22,636 mg m-2, with the average 4,320 mg m-2 in the HWL phase and from 16 to 3,231 mg m-2 with the average of 585 mg m-2 in the DWL phase. There were temporal variations in periphytic algal community structure in Poyang Lake. Cryptophyceae dominated in algal periphyton from November 2016 to February 2017. Bacillariophyceae dominated from March to July 2017 (increasing water-level phases). Pynephyceae and Euglenophyceae were dominant from August and September (high-water-level phase) in 2017. Bacillariophyceae dominated through 2018 with occasional dominance of Cryptophyceae from January to June and the occasional dominance of Chlorophyceae from July to December. Chlorophyceae dominated from January to July in 2019 with occasional dominance of Bacillariophyceae. The water-level variations led to environmental heterogeneity in Poyang Lake, creating heterogeneous habitats for algal periphyton. Our study revealed the primary importance of water level, water temperature, conductivity, total nitrogen, nitrite and total phosphorus as abiotic local factors structuring the periphytic algal community in Poyang Lake. The water-level changes did not prevent growth of periphytic algae, but it did change the periphytic algal community assemblages. This research provides data on the periphytic algae in Poyang Lake and will be useful for establishing biological indicators of environmental changes and protecting Poyang Lake in the future.

通过构建新型生态接触床,利用植物与微生物的共同作用来净化污水,研究其净化效果.浅层人工湿地上种植水生植物水芹、菖蒲和花叶芦竹,同时设置无植物对照组,分析其在春夏季和秋冬季对污水中总氮、总磷和有机物的去除率.主要结论如下:生态接触床在春夏季TN、TP的去除率可以达到60％以上,对高锰酸盐指数的去除率可以达到50％以上;秋冬季对TN、TP和高锰酸盐指数的去除率均可以达到60％以上.本研究采用的并联组合工艺可以节省用地,达到与串联组合工艺相当的去除效果.

通过2013年1月至2017年12月云龙湖的9个水质监测点的逐月监测数据的统计学分析表明:云龙湖水质以《地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)》Ⅲ?Ⅰ类为主,所占比例达61.67％;从单一水质指标分析,氨氮以Ⅱ类水为主,占68.3％; TN以Ⅰ类水为主,占56.7％; TP以Ⅱ类水为主,占85％;高锰酸盐指数100％满足Ⅲ类水标准.总体分析2015-2017年水质优于2013-2014年,2016年水质最好,除TN外,水质整体呈上升趋势,低温季节水质优于高温季节.相关性分析表明,DO和温度的负相关系数较高(R=-0.797),TP和浊度以及COD的相关性系数也比较大,总氮和氨氮的相关性较小.结合近年来云龙湖的治理工程分析,面源污染是云龙湖的主要污染源.

云龙湖是徐州市重要的旅游风景区和市民娱乐休闲中心.通过2013年1月～2017年12月云龙湖的监测以及结合历史数据分析表明:云龙湖水质较好,全年可以满足《地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)》Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水;溶解氧含量较高,氨氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数有明显的季节变化,每年冬季浓度较低,夏秋季浓度较高;总氮季节变化不明显.云龙湖的水质保护措施收效显著,采用控源截污、生态修复等治理措施可以实现云龙湖的水质改善和生态系统健康发展.

指出了海绵城市是新一代城市雨洪管理概念,国际通用术语为低影响开发雨水系统构建;透水砖铺装系统是现阶段我国海绵城市建设中重要的透水铺装系统技术之一.为了充分认识近年来我国透水砖的发展状况,主要从环境保护角度对透水砖制备的材料与性能及其在控制径流和削减污染物的作用方面进行了总结,并且提出了相关建议及进行了展望,以期为海绵城市建设和废弃物的综合利用提供借鉴参考.

指出了水生植物种植载体因为其经济高效、具有良好的区域美化效果以及持久耐用而被人们广泛采用.探讨了不同类型水生植物载体在水环境治理中的应用,分析了不同类型水生植物载体的特点,总结了不同类型水生植物载体应用现状以及对水体的净化效果等,同时展望了水生植物载体的发展前景.

The Everglades, a vast subtropical wetland, dominates the landscape of south Florida and is widely recognized as an ecosystem of great ecological importance. Data from seven inflow sites to the Everglades National Park (ENP) were analyzed over three decades (1985–2014) for temporal trends by the STL (integrated seasonal-trend decomposition using LOESS) method. A cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied for the evaluation of spatial variation. The results indicate that the water quality change trend is closely associated with rainfall. Increasing rainfall results in increasing flow and thus, decreasing concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Based on 10 variables, the seven sampling stations were classified by CA into four distinct clusters: A, B, C, and D. The PCA analysis indicated that total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are the main pollution factors, especially TN. The results suggest that non-point sources are the main pollution sources and best management practices (BMPs) effectively reduce organic nitrogen. However, TN and TP control is still the focus of future work in this area. Increasing the transfer water quantity can improve the water quality temporarily and planting submersed macrophytes can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus and increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in water, continuously improving the water quality.

流体力学是环境工程专业的专业基础课,在整个课程体系中起着举足轻重的作用.应用型本科院校可以从针对专业特色和课时量,优选教材;丰富教学内容,增加学生的学习积极性;改进教学方法和手段,突出重点;理论和实验相结合,充分利用有限的课时;加强作业环节,改革考核方式几个方面进行深入思考,这样才能够提高学生各方面的能力,最终实现培养应用型人才的目标.

In order to protect Yunlong lake water quality in Xuzhou city,a water purification plant named Nanwang was built to improve water quality of rivers into the lake.The treatment process of "potassium permanganate pre-oxidation + pipeline mix + mechanical flocculation + air floatation + biological ceramsite quartz sand filtration + ultraviolet disinfection" was used in Nanwang water purification plant.Its inflow was pumped from the Yudai river upstream,and then discharge downstream after treatment.The removal of TP,potassium permanganate index and turbidity was 61.5％,32.9％ and 60％ respectively.While the influent TN content was kept almost constant,and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increased.In recent years,it is shown from the monitoring results of water quality in Yunlong lake that Nanwang water purification plant has played a positive role in water quality protection.

Understanding anthropogenic and hydro-climatic influences on nutrient concentrations and export from highly managed catchments often necessitates trend detection using long-term monitoring data. This study analyzed the temporal trend (1979–2014) of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and export from four adjacent coastal basins in south Florida where land and water resources are highly managed through an intricate canal network. The method of integrated seasonal-trend decomposition using LOESS (LOcally weighted regrESSion) was employed for trend detection. The results indicated that long-term trends in TN and TP concentrations (increasing/decreasing) varied with basins and nutrient species, reflecting the influence of basin specific land and water management practices. These long-term trends were intervened by short-term highs driven by high rainfall and discharges and lows associated with regional droughts. Seasonal variations in TP were more apparent than for TN. Nutrient export exhibited a chemostatic behavior for TN from all the basins, largely due to the biogenic nature of organic N associated with the ubiquity of organic materials in the managed canal network. Varying degrees of chemodynamic export was present for TP, reflecting complex biogeochemical responses to the legacy of long-term fertilization, low soil P holding capacity, and intensive stormwater management. The anthropogenic and hydro-climatic influences on nutrient concentration and export behavior had great implications in nutrient loading abatement strategies for aquatic ecosystem restoration of the downstream receiving waterbody.

以金鱼藻为研究对象,分析悬浮物不同扰动方式(机械扰动和曝气扰动)、扰动强度以及悬浮物浓度对沉水植物生理特性的影响.结果表明,与曝气扰动相比,机械扰动对金鱼藻生理特性影响显著,搅拌强度的增大,金鱼藻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量和POD活性不断下降,60 r/min时下降最快,搅拌强度与POD活性显著负相关.曝气扰动在前期促进金鱼藻的生长,后期抑制其生长,曝气强度4 m3/h时,金鱼藻生理指标降低最大,曝气强度与金鱼藻生理特性相关性不显著.随悬浮物浓度升高,金鱼藻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量先升高后下降,金鱼藻生长最适悬浮物浓度为0.4 ～0.8 g/L.

Kui River is an important river in Xuzhou .In recent years ,the pollution of the river is more serious because of the free discharge of sewage and industrial wastewater .In this paper ,the water quality of the 7 monitoring sections of the Kui River (Xuzhou section) was analyzed ,and the statistical analysis was carried out using the cluster analysis and principal component analysis .The results showed that :(1)the turbidity value of seven monitoring sections changed from1 .05 to 1 .99NTU ,pH 7 .23~7 .83 ,dissolved ox‐ygen 0 .48~2 .98mg/L ;(2)higher content of COD ,T P and nitrate nitrogen ,seven section overall belonged to class V~inferior V class of water ;(3)clustering analysis showed that seven section could be divided for urban and rural combination section and rural section;(4)principal component analysis showed that eu‐trophication problem of Kui River was serious and the phosphorus was the main pollution factor ,organic matter and nitrogen pollution was also serious .

为了充分利用污染的地表水资源,探讨重污染的地表水灌溉对土壤理化性质的影响,本文采用劣Ⅴ类污染河水——奎河水,对种植金边吊兰的土壤进行灌溉.实验采用盆栽法,分为2大组,分别装入相同质量的沙土和壤土,灌溉用水分别采用稀释一倍(即50％浓度)的奎河水和污水原液进行灌溉.结果表明:奎河水灌溉导致土壤吸湿水含量的下降和pH值的减少,不同处理组间差异不显著;用奎河水进行灌溉后,土壤表层有机质、速效磷含量均高于对照,沙土有机质和速效磷的含量明显大于壤土,尤其是未经稀释的沙土组的速效磷含量是对照的6倍.用奎河水对园林植物及草坪植物进行灌溉是可行的,但在灌溉的过程中,最好能将原水进行稀释,起到既能促进植物生长又能有效利用污染地表水资源的作用.种植草坪植物最好采用保水性较好的壤土,可以促进植物对营养物质的吸收,减少表层土壤的污染物的积累,从而减少表层土壤中的污染物随降雨径流又回到地表水的风险.

Irrigation with polluted water is one of important ways to alleviate water source shortage in China. Besides municipal wastewater, polluted water includes polluted surface water, industry wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, mining wastewater and garbage leachate and so on. This paper reviewed the effects of irrigation by polluted water on soils and analyzed the main problems it caused. Pollution by irrigation with polluted water was mainly concentrated on surface soil. (1) Soil pH change depended on different regions and different types of polluted water. (2) The heavy metals enriched in the soil surface layer and moved slowly into the deep soil. Different kinds of heavy metal behaved with different accumulation rules and migration patterns. Heavy metal enrichment degree was closely related with irrigation time. Higher activity of Cd and Pb with the biggest ecological pollution risk should be paid enough attention. (3) Long-term irrigation with polluted water increased soil nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters content and increased leaching of NO3--N into the groundwater and soil salt content. (4) The number and activity of soil microorganisms were changed. Some existing problems in irrigation with polluted water in China:(1) There is not an overall supervision and monitoring system; (2) The adverse impacts on the environment and human health were not paid enough attention; (3) There is not a strictly environmental impact assessment system, etc. In order to use polluted water efficiently and avoid the pathogen spread risk, we must improve research of polluted water irrigation theory and technology, develop a comprehensive polluted water irrigation strategy and provide necessary technical supports through setting the buffer, propaganda, supervision,, environmental impact assessment and other measures etc.

通过构建耐寒植物人工湿地，研究人工湿地对污水中总氮、总磷及有机质的去除效果，探讨季节变化对污染物去除率的影响。结果表明：西伯利亚鸢尾和花叶麦冬2种耐寒植物人工湿地对污染物具有较稳定的去除效果；即使在冬季，2种湿地植物对污染物的去除率均能达到30％以上；不同季节西伯利亚鸢尾湿地对总氮、总磷及有机质的平均去除率均高于花叶麦冬。结果表明，合理选择湿地植物，可以减少运行费用，对于维持人工湿地净化能力的持效性有重要意义，本研究为人工湿地在北方地区的应用及植物选择提供参考。

Yunlong Lake is a typical urban shallow lake.The stratification sediment samplings of 20 monitoring points in Luoma Lake were investigated,and the seasonal changes and vertical distributions of nitrogen,phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in the sediments were analyzed.The results showed that the total nitrogen contents in different depths varied from 0.063 mg/g to 1.62 mg/g,autumn was the highest in autumn,the second in summer,the third in spring and the lowest in winter;the seasonal changes in the total nitrogen content was significant.The total phosphorus contents in different depths varied from 0.005 mg/g to 0.92 mg/g,autumn winter spring summer,the seasonal changes significant.The highest activity of alkaline phosphatase was 554.03 mg/(kg·h),the lowest was 43.90 mg/(kg·h),summer autumn spring winter;the seasonal changes were significant,and the total phosphorus content was positively related to the alkaline phosphatase activity.The areas in which the intensity of human activity was greater,the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the sediments were higher,the microbial effect on the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the sediment was closely related to the environmental temperature in different seasons.

The proportion of young teachers in colleges and universitieswas rising nowadays,and the teaching ability of young teachers would influence the sustainable development of education.Under the background of education reform,young teachers teaching capacity was of great urgency.To improve young teachers' teaching ability,tracking guidance system was set up to test the track project,the lecture competitions were set up for the study of teaching and research projects and teaching reflection was carried out.

Alkaline phosphatase activity(APA) of sediment in Yunlong Lake and Luoma Lake was determined,and effects of physical and chemical characteristics of water,seasonal dynamics and aquatic plants on APA of different lakes were analyzed.Results showed that APA was significantly positive correlation with pH value(r=0.220,P0.05) and temperature (r=0.478,P0.01) respectively,but DO had little effect on APA.Seasonal change of APA in Yunlong Lake was obvious,with the highest APA of 330.27 mg/(kg·Μh) in summer and the lowest of 154.65 mg/(kg·h) in spring.pH value varied from 8.12 to 8.50, temperature varied from 3.3℃to 26.5℃,DO varied from 6.84 mg/L to 8.47 mg/L.Aquatic plants had great effect on APA of Luoma Lake,APA of grass area was greater than that of no grass area,and seasonal change of APA was obvious in grass area. In brief,physical and chemical characteristics of water,seasonal dynamics and aquatic plants have great effect on APA.

The treatment effect of TN,TP and organic matter in sewage by using constructed wetland system in autumn and winter is studied in this paper.The results show that the cold tolerance plant wetland is very good at sewage treatment in autumn and winter and the TN average removal rate of Iris sibirica and Othiopogon japanicus is 49%and 43%,respectively;TP removal rate was 77%and 70%;Organic matter removal rate was 68%and 66%.Influence of temperature change on the removal of pollutants is different.When the temperature drops to 10℃,TN and TP removal rate begin to decline,and when the temperature drops to 5 ℃,the removal rate of COD is significantly decreased.It has important significance to choose reasonable plants to maintain good removal effect under low temperature conditions.This research can provide reference for the constructed wetland application and plants choice in the northern area.