小麦条锈病是我国重要的小麦病害.发掘和培育新的抗条锈病的小麦种质资源一直是我国小麦育种中重要的工作.本研究对八倍体小黑麦劲松5号与普通小麦品种京东8号远缘杂种的衍生后代进行了选育,并且对选育出的种质材料HB 20121023株系进行了形态学、细胞学和条锈病鉴定.结果表明,HB 20121023植株较矮,株型紧凑.细胞学鉴定表明,根尖体细胞染色体数目为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ、减数分裂后期Ⅰ染色体配对、分离正常.利用CYR29、CYR30、CYR31和水源46号条锈菌的混合小种田间接种鉴定表明,HB 20121023对条锈病表现为高抗.HB 20121023可作为小麦抗条锈病育种新的种质资源加以利用.

With common wheat jingdong 8 as female parent and Triticales secale jinsong 5 as male parent,the hybrids F1 was obtained.On the basis of morphological and cytological identification of the hybrids F1 generation and parents,we compared the sub-micro-morphology of leaf epidermis and stomata of hybrids F1 and parents by the scanning electron microscope,and find several common features from these three tested materials that they all have stomata,long cells and hair cells,and their cells are arranged in parallel with leaf vein.But to the female parent,Common Wheat jingdong 8,their leaf epidermal cells are all with clear outlines and array neatly and smoothly,their pores of array in a straight line,and the dumbbell-shaped guard cells have bristles of varying lengths;around the stomata of the male parent Triticales secale,ridge-like bulges are horizontally and vertically arrang-ed,the stomata are rectangular,in bigger size and are mainly arranged in straight line,and the guard cells is very obvious while its bristles are short and rare;the sub-micro-morphology of leaf epidermis and stomata of hybrids F1 are quite similar with its male parent.What is different is that the hybrids F1 has bristle on its leaf epidermis bristle,and the size of its pores is between the two parents.The F1 hybrids is quite different with its parents in ultrastructure morphological characteristics of morphology,leaf epidermal and stomata.Ultramicroscopic morphology index can be used to distinct and identify the hybrids and its parents.

F1 hybrid generation comes from the hybridization of common wheat Jingdong 8 as the female parent and octoploid triticale Jinsong 5 as the male parent. It can be clearly seen from the submicroscopic morphology comparisons of pollen grains, leaf epidermis and stomas between hybrid F1 and the parents that most of the shapes of the parents' pollen grains are nearly circular, while those of the F1 hybrid pollen grains are irregular and severely wizened. In addition, the pollen grains of the F1 hybrid and parents are significantly different in the submicroscopic features of exine sculptures and germ pores. The common features of the three tested materials are stomatal apparatus, long cell and hair cell, and the cells are arranged in parallel with the vein. Leaf epidermal cells of the female parent which is the common wheat are clear outline, and they are also arranged tidily and smoothly, Pores are arranged in a straight line. Guard cells are dumbbell-shaped with bristles of different lengths. Pores of the male parent which is octoploid triticale have ridge-like heaves with horizontal and vertical alignment around them, and they are rectangular and large, also the general arrangement type is linear. Guard cells is very obvious, but with very few and short bristles. Both of the submicroscopic morphologies of leaf epidermises and stomas of the hybrid F1 are more similar with those of the male parent, while the leaf epidermises have bristles and the size of pores ranges between the two parents. The F1 hybrids and parents are significantly different in submicroscopic morphologies on pollens, leaf epidermises and stomas, so that the distinctions of submicroscopic morphologies can be used as a basis in the indicators and identification of the distant hybrids and their parents.

The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye(Secale cereal), common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tritical were between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientific references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering.

[Objective] This study was to investigate the difference in microscopic features of pollen grain and stoma of four triticeae species, as well as the relationship between the sizes of pollen grain and stoma, and the chromosome ploidy. [Method] Comparison of the micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and leaf epiderm among diaploid Thinopyrum elongatum, Elytrigia intermedia, hexaploid Triticum aestivum and octoploid Tritielytrigia types were carried out by observation under scanning electronic microscope(SEM). [Result] There were some differences among the four species in the micro-morphology, the size, the surface protuberance, the germ pore of pollen grain and the leaf epidermal stoma, in which diploid Thinopyrum elongatum was obviously different from the other three. Diploid, hexaploid and octoploid species of triticeae had remarkable differences in micro-morphological characteristics of pollen grain and stoma. However, some differences between hexaploid species and octoploid species were not significant. [Conclusion] Some microscopic characteristics of pollen grain and stoma could be used as the evidence to identify diaploid, hexaploid and octoploid spieces whose chromosome ploidy are hugely different.

This paper described a robust and sensitive HPLC method for determination of glyphosate on vegetable material after pre-derivatisation with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(FMOC-Cl) using coupled polymeric amino columns. New findings about optimization of the derivatisation reaction and chromatographic behaviour. The method was validated using grass samples spiked at the level of 1 mg/kg and gave a detection limit of 0.3 mg/kg for glyphosate and a recovery of 82.4% with RSD of 10.3%.

Review methods used over last morn than 10 years for pretreatment and determination residues of glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid. Methods of pretreatment are included extraction, purification, derivatization and so on. GC and HPLC are maily used in the determination, and HPLC is better method.