为探讨轻稀土La在Cd/Cr复合污染土壤种植条件下作物的生长发育效应和抗重金属胁迫生物效应,进一步为农用稀土肥料的科学施用提供借鉴.选用土壤盆栽方法和不同施肥技术(土壤混施、土壤灌施和叶面喷施),研究La对吸收差异型(低吸收累积型和高吸收累积型)小白菜Cd,Cr吸收和生物量的影响.结果表明:La不同施用方式对吸收差异型小白菜茎叶生物量的增产效应总体表现为低吸收累积型显著高于高吸收累积型,其中低吸收累积型以叶面喷施和土壤灌施处理较对照增产显著,而高吸收累积型均未表现增产效果;La不同施用方式对吸收差异型小白菜Cd,Cr吸收的抑制能力效应分别表现为Cd低吸收累积型高于高吸收累积型,Cr高吸收累积型高于低吸收累积型,其中低吸收累积型以叶面喷施和土壤灌施处理抑制Cd,Cr吸收的效应显著,而高吸收累积型抑制Cr吸收显著,抑制Cd吸收不显著或无抑制;La处理对吸收差异型小白菜Cd和Cr转运系数的降低效应变化规律与Cd和Cr抑制能力效应规律基本一致,转运系数降低效应越大,抑制重金属Cd和Cr的吸收作用越显著;外源La显著影响小白菜植株La的吸收与分布,土壤混施和土壤灌施主要以根系吸收积累为主,叶面喷施主要以茎叶吸收积累为主.表明La对Cd/Cr复合污染土壤种植作物重金属抗胁迫能力大小与作物品种重金属吸收差异和施肥技术作用机制不同有关.

为筛选Pb/Zn复合轻污染等级土壤中适宜种植的低积累预防蔬菜品种(Pb+ Zn-PSC)和高积累植物修复品种,提高人类健康饮食安全和农田土壤可持续利用.采用土壤盆栽试验方法,以食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准(HJ/T 332-2006)为依据,比较了Pb/Zn综合污染指数Pj为1.94的轻污染等级土壤中17个小白菜类蔬菜品种对土壤重金属Pb/Zn的吸收积累与转运的差异,并采用聚类分析方法对其进行差异分类.结果 表明,在Pb/Zn复合轻污染等级土壤中,17种蔬菜茎叶中Pb和Zn的质量分数平均值(以鲜质量计)分别为0.065±0.048 mg/kg和25.204±5.546 mg/kg,较对照分别提高32.88％和813.22％,变异系数分别为74.87％和22.00％;17种蔬菜Pb和Zn的转运系数平均值分别为0.103和2.205,较对照分别降低65.89％和提高121.16％,变异系数分别为110.07％和109.36％.表明不同品种蔬菜Zn较Pb更易于从根系向地上部转移和积累;17种蔬菜茎叶的生物量变化与Pb的质量分数和转运系数变化均呈显著负相关,耐性指数变化与Zn质量分数和Pb转运系数均呈显著负相关,表明不同品种蔬菜耐性指数差异可以表征Pb和Zn吸收和转运能力水平的高低.聚类分析表明,17种蔬菜品种茎叶中Pb和Zn的质量分数及其转运系数大小由低到高均划分为3个类群,其中热抗605品种同时具有较低的Pb/Zn吸收和转运能力,华冠青梗油菜品种同时具有较高的Pb/Zn吸收和转运能力.研究提出,不同吸收和转运能力大小的蔬菜品种可分别作为Pb/Zn复合轻污染土壤适宜种植的预防品种(Pb+ Zn—PSC)和植物修复品种.

The objective of this study was to screen out vegetable cultivars with low Cd and Cr accumulations,and to improve the quality and safety of leafy vegetables.Pot-culture experiments were used to study the variety difference of Cd and Cr accumulation and translocation in 17 vegetable cultivars under Cd/Cr combination stress.There were significant variety differences in shoot Cd and Cr concentrations among the 17 vegetable cultivars;the mean concentrations were 0.645 ±0.212 mg·kg FW-1and 0.222 ±0.092 mg·kg FW-1,and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 32.87％ and 41.44％,respectively.The mean translocation factors (TF) of Cd and Cr were 1.031 ± 0.157 and 0.102 ± 0.028,which increased 41.43％ and decreased 37.80％ compared with CK,respectively.Moreover,there were great differences in tolerance among different vegetable cultivars.Shoot Cd accumulation was the main factor causing decreased plant biomass and differences in tolerance.There were significant or very significant positive correlations between the concentrations,the translocation factors of different vegetable varieties,and CK.Accumulation and translocation of Cd and Cr in different vegetable varieties were stable hereditary.Based on the Cd,Cr concentrations,and translocation factors from low to high suggested the 17 vegetable cultivars were divided into 4 groups.The HL2 vegetable cultivar,with low Cd and Cr accumulation and translocation,could be considered to be the Cd/Cr pollution-safe cultivar.

The determination of vitamin E content in yolk by high performance liquid chromatography is described.The vitamin E contents are eluted with methanol mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected by ultraviolet detector at 292 nm.The results show that there is the highest vitamin E contents in yolk of yingqu eggs,but the lowest in yolk of preserved eggs.The average recovery rate of this method is 94.8%,the linearity relative coefficients is 0.999 0,and the average standard deviation is 2.07.This method possesses the advantages of easy operation and good reproducibility.

This paper sums up the main methods, principles and sample pretreatment of gas chromatography(GC)and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of vitamin E, and puts forward the problems existing in various methods at present and the directions and emphases of the future researches.

This paper described a robust and sensitive HPLC method for determination of glyphosate on vegetable material after pre-derivatisation with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(FMOC-Cl) using coupled polymeric amino columns. New findings about optimization of the derivatisation reaction and chromatographic behaviour. The method was validated using grass samples spiked at the level of 1 mg/kg and gave a detection limit of 0.3 mg/kg for glyphosate and a recovery of 82.4% with RSD of 10.3%.

This test determines the analysis method for the residues of glyphosate in strawberry. This method involves the water extraction, removal of carbohydrate through purification of anion-exchange column, one-step derivation and determination with gas chromatograph and frame photometry. The detection limit for glyphosate is 0.01mg/kg.

This paper summarizes the sample Pretreatment and measurement Technique of pesticide residues which are commonly used in China in recent years, and points out that some new techniques of sample preparation such as supercritical fluid extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) have been applied in the analysis of pesticide residues; MS (mass spectra) has been applied wildly in the analysis of pesticide residues; immunoassay has showed great potentiality in the analysis of pesticide residues.

In order to breed new wheat germplasms with resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust,morphological,cytological,resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew analyses were conducted to identify 3 germplasm lines bred from the progenies of Elytrigia intermedium and Yannong 15.The results showed that line shannongTE0537 had favorable agronomic traits,with main morphological features between the male and female parents,and it was immune to powdery mildew and highly resistant to stripe rust.Its chromosome number of root tip cells was 2n=56,and the chromosome configuration at PMC MI was 2n=28II.The lines shannongTE0524 and shannongTE0543 were highly resistant to powdery mildew and stripe rust.Their chromosome numbers of root tip cells were both 2n=55,and chromosome configuration at PMC MI were 2n=2.32I+26.22II+0.06IV and 2n=1.20I+26.90II,respectively.These 3 lines have genes resistant to stripe rust and powdery mildew and have important value in wheat breeding and genetic improvement.

Review methods used over last morn than 10 years for pretreatment and determination residues of glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid. Methods of pretreatment are included extraction, purification, derivatization and so on. GC and HPLC are maily used in the determination, and HPLC is better method.

The preparation of bioactive peptides by hydrolyzing tartary buckwheat protein by two protease is studied.It is proved that using 2709 alkaline protease will get better effect and the best conditions is 45 ℃,pH11,60 U/g of enzyme quantity and hydrolyzing 14 hours,and the rate of extraction can reach 74.5%.

利用富集培养从农药厂的活性污泥中分离到3株能以甲基对硫磷为碳源和能源而生长的细菌,分别编号为HW-2、HW-5、HW-17,并进行降解条件的研究。小区试验表明,HW-2、HW-5、HW-17的菌液制剂对普通白菜的变种矮脚黄中残留的甲基对硫磷有明显的去除作用。

A method is described for determining 6 herbicides in corn by GC.The residues of herbicides were extracted from samples with petroleum ether and the extractive removed through a neuter alumina column.Then petroleum ether/ethyl acetate(v/v,9/1) eluted it.Herbicides determination was performed with the gas chromatography(with ECD detection).Compounds were identified and determined according to their retention times and the external standard mehthod.Recoveries were obtained by adding 6 herbicides to rice(spiking at 0.50 mg/kg,0.20 mg/kg,0.10 mg/kg,0.05mg/kg,0.02mg/kg levels).The recoveries ranged from 86.5% to 112.5%,and the coefficients of variation was from 3.5% to 8.1%.

Glyphosate residues in apple, peach, and carrot were determined by gas chromatography. Following cleanup of extracts on a cation exchange column, they were reacted with trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic anhydride, andtrimethyl orthoformate. Samples were separated using a DB-17 microcapillary column, followed by detection withECD and confirmation with mass spectroscopy, and analysis of results. Sensitivity of the method was high, with alimit of detection at 0.05 mg/kg (S/N3). Mean recoveries from apple, peach, and carrot were 93, 89, and 92%, andcoefficients of variation were 10, 12, and 10%, respectively.

The present analysis of pesticide residues was surveyed in two respects: the analytical techniques for the extraction and the determination of pesticide residues. Techniques of the extraction were introduced, which included accelerated solvent extraction(ASE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), and solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME). The techniques of determination was reviewed from supercritical fluid chromatography, gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and capillary zone electrophoresis(CZE).

Determination was made of the total-salt, ionic composition and pH value in the soil before and after irrigation with different wells water. The results indicate that irrigation water quality has great effect on the chemical properties of lawn soil. Before the lawn was planted, the total salt content of the soil was (0.783) (g/kg). Using No.1 well water, which had a mineralization degree of 1.122 g/kg, to irrigate the lawn, the total salt content of the soil reached 2.450 and (2.180) g/kg after a year. Using No.2 well water with a mineralization degree of 1.362 g/kg, the total salt content of the soil reached 3.110 and 2.942 g/kg. At the same time, using water from these wells, the soil pH also continually increased.

以穗发芽敏感品种AT 265为试材,对筛选出的YSR纯天然小麦穗发芽抑制剂进行了田间喷施;用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法,测定了YSR不同浓度处理的种子萌发期间的α-淀粉酶活性.结果表明,收获前2 d喷施YSR抑制剂效果最佳,穗发芽抑制率可达75.9%,对AT 265的种用价值无显著性影响,可作种用.用不同浓度的YSR处理通过休眠的小麦种子,随着浓度的增加,α-淀粉酶活性迅速下降,直至完全失去活性.YSR通过降低α-淀粉酶活性来达到抑制穗发芽的目的.

研究了野生毛樱桃叶片中7种矿质营养元素(Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ca,Mg,K)9个生长时期的周年动态变化及其相关性.结果表明,Zn,Fe,Cu元素周年动态变化各异;Ca与Mg,Mn与K之间变化趋势大体一致;Zn,Fe二元素分别与Ca,Mg之间达显著或极显著负相关;Ca与Mg之间、Mn与K之间均达到极显著正相关.野生毛樱桃叶片中7种矿质营养元素按含量高低排序为:Ca＞K＞Mg＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu,用于叶分析营养诊断标准的适宜时期为5月16～5月23日.