Since the Porter hypothesis was proposed, environmental regulation has been recognized as a critical factor influencing technology innovation. However, there is no unified conclusion on whether the relationship between the two is linear or non-linear, and environmental regulation is always examined from single angles. Therefore, according to the difference of environmental regulation implementation subjects, this paper divides environmental regulation into formal regulation and informal regulation. Utilizing the panel data of 281 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2011-2019, the non-linear effects of heterogeneous environmental regulations on green energy technology innovation are analyzed based on the panel threshold model, and the non-linear relationship between the two under the difference in urban economic development level is further considered. The results indicate that: (1) The threshold effect of the environmental regulations on China's green energy technology innovation is significant, and there is heterogeneity in the effects of different environmental regulations. (2) At present, positive relationship are observed between the informal environmental regulation and green energy technology innovation in China, while the formal environmental regulation exerts a significant inhibitory effect on green energy technology innovation. (3) The level of regional economic development plays a significantly positive role in moderating the relationship between environmental regulation and green energy innovation. However, there exists a certain heterogeneity in the moderating role between the formal regulation-innovation link and informal regulation-innovation relationship. This study provides a reference for further clarifying the relationship between heterogeneous environmental regulations and green energy technology innovation.

提升制造业软国际竞争力至关重要,本文构建了包括品牌创新、人力资源、企业文化和制度环境4个维度的评价指标体系,并借助纵横向拉开档次法对2009—2016年全球39个主要国家的制造业软竞争力水平进行评价与分析.结果显示,发达国家的制造业软竞争力指数明显高于发展中国家,美国、德国等制造大国的竞争优势明显.中国的制造业软国际竞争力在考察期内迅速提升,国家排位由第31名升至第21名.分要素来看,中国在4个维度中的表现均有不同程度提升,特别是企业文化的提升尤为明显,但是制度环境和人力资源的表现较为滞后,是我国制造业建设中需要着力改善的重要内容.

The empirical conclusions regarding the influence of innovation on green total factor productivity (GTFP) are relatively mixed. Based on China's provincial panel data from 1999 to 2015, this paper uses the number of patent applications to measure regional innovation capacity, and comprehensively examines the linear and nonlinear effects of innovation on GTFP. Our results show that innovation plays a leading role in promoting GTFP growth in China in general. However, two different types of patents, invention patents, and non-invention patents have heterogeneous impacts on China's green growth under the difference of innovation level. Additionally, the relationship between innovation and China's GTFP also differs significantly before and after 2009. A further nonlinear effect analysis based on a panel threshold model reveals that the impact of innovation on GTFP is higher with the rise of human capital, knowledge stock, and financial development. However, only the appropriate environmental regulation stringency is conducive to promoting the influence of innovation on China's green growth. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding regarding the impact of innovation on GTFP in China.

This paper systematically evaluates the influence of international crude oil risk on Chinese macro-financial risks, by quantifying risk spillover effects from international crude oil market to China’s three major markets (stock, foreign exchange and commodity markets). Specifically, this paper initially calculates the risks of international crude oil market and China’s three major markets by adopting a conditional autoregressive value at risk (CAViaR) model, then the spillover index is used to capture the risk spillovers from international crude oil market to China’s major markets. The empirical results indicate that there exists significant heterogeneous risk spillover effects transmitted from international crude oil market to China’s three major markets. To be more specific, the risk derived from international crude oil market is always a dominant driving force of risk in China’s commodity market. However, the shocks of global oil risk do not affect much of the risks of China’s stock and foreign exchange markets in general. In addition, our results further report that international oil risk has considerable effects on China’s macro-financial risks during several specific periods, which can be attributed to several major events. Specifically, the risk spillovers originated from international crude oil market remarkably contribute to the risk of China’s commodity market during the period of global financial crisis. International crude oil risk makes great contribution to the risks of Chinese stock and foreign exchange markets, when several global notable events occur as well as major financial reforms in China are implemented. The empirical results have significant implications for policy-makers and market participants.

在构建涵盖生态经济、生态环境、社会发展和保障支撑4个要素的评价指标体系的基础上,以2008-2012年全球55个主要国家为对象,展开生态文明建设国际比较研究.结果表明:发达国家的生态文明发展水平要明显高于发展中国家,并且在金融危机以来实施“绿色新政”的作用下,主要发达国家的领先优势还在继续扩大.中国生态文明建设水平和国际排名在样本期均有所提升,但2012年的排位为第44位,与发达国家差距较大,在发展中国家中处于中游水平,生态文明建设仍然任重道远.从构成要素看,我国生态经济和生态环境表现不佳,基本排在后5位.社会发展和保障支撑的表现相对优异,特别是随着生态制度的完善、民众生态意识的觉醒以及科技创新能力的提升,我国生态文明建设的保障支撑能力近年来明显增强,进一步提升生态文明建设水平具有较大潜力.

文章在扩展知识生产函数的基础上，运用随机前沿模型，从创新资源（知识存量和研发资源）和创新效率两大方面，探讨2001年~2011年我国中西部内陆地区与东部沿海地区创新能力差距不断扩大的原因，结果表明：知识存量对中西部与东部地区创新能力差异的贡献率为38.88%，研发人员和研发经费的贡献率分别为13.64%和23.13%，创新效率的贡献率为24.35%。总体看，创新资源的差别是影响内陆与沿海地区创新能力差异的主导因素，但是创新效率的贡献份额在2003以来明显扩大，保持在30%左右的水平。制度环境建设的差别以及地方政府对创新重视程度的反差是造成我国区域创新效率差距的主要原因。

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">引入"压力—状态—响应（PSR）"模型,从生态系统视角构建包括生态系统压力、生态系统健康和生态环境管理3个子系统共21个指标的生态文明评价指标体系;采用全球60个主要国家（地区）的数据,从国际比较的视角考察中国生态文明建设水平和生态文明协调度。结果显示:中国生态文明综合指数排名第50位,与发达经济体的差距较大,在发展中经济体中位居中游,与我国当前的经济发展水平总体相适应;中国生态环境管理表现相对优异,但生态系统压力和生态系统健康水平滞后,导致我国生态文明协调程度偏低。实证分析表明,一国生态文明建设水平与生态文明协调度存在显著的正相关性。我国在加强生态文明建设的过程中,应着力提升各子系统间的协调互动水平,特别是生态环境管理的实施效果。</span>

在扩展知识生产函数的基础上,利用中国30个省市区的面板数据,从制度环境、要素条件、需求环境和产业环境四个方面,考察了体现创新环境的11个分项指标对区域创新能力的影响,结果表明:反映创新环境的多数指标都对我国创新能力有正向影响,但影响弹性基本都小于知识存量和研发人员投入.然而,不同地区的研究结果差异很大,除了知识产权保护、金融机构支持和人力资本外,体现创新环境的其他变量都对东部地区创新能力有显著正向影响,并且私有化程度、信息基础设施和产业集聚的作用还明显大于研发投入,但是创新环境对中西部地区创新能力的提升未起到支撑作用.创新环境建设的差别在很大程度上解释了我国创新能力巨大的地区差异.

Disposable income and leisure time is the necessary condition for people's leisure consumption.By means of empirical study,this paper finds that government expenditure,urban residents' disposable income,vacation days and festivals are the important factors to residents' leisure consumption,among which urban residents' disposable income,vacation days and the interaction effect between them are the most significant to residents' leisure consumption that indicates raising income simultaneous prolonging holidays could pull residents' leisure consumption.Through comparison between Chinese vacation days and the other countries',this paper finds that it is possible to prolong vacation days,and gives some suggestions for reformation of holiday system and expending Chinese residents' leisure consumption in the end.

<正>现代社会,高节奏的生活方式让许人感觉疲惫不堪,虽然钱包越来越,但是却没有足够的时间进行休闲活。为了改善这种局面,我国政府在最十年对假日制度进行了多次改革,如,休闲时间占到全年时间的三分之。为了解我国国民的休假状况,中国民大学休闲经济研究中心在近日以问

Based on the penal data of 30 provinces in China during the period 2000~2010,this paper uses stochastic frontier analysis calculating the innovation efficiency of each province in China,and mainly examines the relationship between regional innovation system and regional innovation efficiency.The authors find the innovation efficiency of China in the sample period is relative low,and the gap of which is very significant between different regions.The university-industry cooperation and government support have robustly positive effect on regional innovation efficiency,which reflects the positive effect of the network among innovation subject elements in regional innovation system on Chinese regional innovation efficiency.Moreover,this study also shows that the structure of innovation subjects and their connections are the main reasons causing the diversity of China's regional innovation efficiency.

Citizen's environmental behavior will directly influence the city's environmental condition;moreover,environmental behavior is guided by willingness of environmental behavior.This paper obtains relevant data through questionnaires to residents of Beijing City,then based on descriptive analysis of willingness of citizen's environmental behavior,researches the differences of willingness of environmental behavior among different groups divided by gender,age,educational level and profession using non-parametric statistical analysis and finds that there are significant differences among these groups.The paper discusses the effects of environmental awareness,Olympic Games,environmental knowledge,environmental condition and traditional morality on the willingness of environmental behavior using structural equation model. The result shows that these factors discussed above all directly or indirectly affect the willingness of environmental behavior,and the overall effects of the willingness of environmental from the strongest to the weakest include: behavior environmental attitude,environmental knowledge,effect of Olympic Games,environmental condition,and traditional morality.According to the empirical results,the paper finally proposes that government should strengthen the willingness of environmental behavior of Beijing City in the aspects such as developing green industry,improving the youth's environmental protection awareness,guiding consumption orientation,and continuing advocating the idea ofgreen Olympics,etc.,to improve environmental level of the whole Beijing.

This paper estimates the hot money scale of the inflow amount FDI in China recently.The paper firstly divides the sample spacing into two parts (normal years and abnormal years of inflow amount FDI),then selects 11 indexes and uses ridge regression to build linear model on the inflow amount FDI in normal years.The paper then uses chow test,and finds that the division of sample spacing is reasonable ; finally applies this model to calculate the normal inflow FDI and finds the hot money scale in inflow FDI are $135.8413 billion(＄16.6 billion),$62.7227 billion (＄7.9 billion),$457.6014 billion (＄60.2 billion)in 2005,2006 and 2007 respectively.