消力井井深和井径大小直接影响下泄水流的消能效果和尾水渠水流流态,井内增加格栅可有效改善消力井水力特性.通过水工模型试验,研究圆孔格栅(开孔率40％)在不同高程位置,对消力井底板水力特性的影响.在此基础上,运用数学方法对底板时均动水压强以及脉动压强标准差σ值、变异系数Cv值进行量化分析,得出结论:相同流量情况下,格栅高程为0.40m时,消力井底板的动水压强明显降低;格栅高程降低至0.30m时,消力井底板的动水压强仍然呈下降趋势,但降幅减小;格栅高程进一步降低至0.20m时,消力井底板的动水压强未见明显变化.

Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of N application on soil pH value, forms of Pb and Zn, biomass, contents of chlorophyll and praline, membrane permeability, and accumulation characteristics of Pb and Zn under Pb and Zn stress(1000 mg·kg-1 ). The results showed that soil pH value decreased with N application. Percentage of bio-available Pb and Zn in soil reached the maximum under N 0.1 g·kg-1 and 0.3 g·kg-1 comparing with other treatments, respectively. With N application, water soluble Pb contents and exchangeable Pb contents increased from 3.9% to 11.5% ～13.7% and water soluble Zn contents and exchangeable Zn contents increased from 13.4% to 19.3%～23.5%. Chlorophyll contents and biomass increased with increase in rates of N application. Praline content and membrane permeability in leaves of A. alpinal increased with N 0.1～0.3 g·kg-1 application. Contents and accumulation of Pb and Zn in shoot and root of A. alpinal increased with increase in rates of N application. Bioaccumulation factor and transfer factor of Pb and Zn were more than 1. There- fore, adsorption of Pb and Zn of A. alpinal should be promoted and remediation efficiency of A. alpinal to soil contaminated by Pb and Zn could be improved by suitable N application(0.1 g·kg-1 ).

Pot experiments were conducted in order to understand the effects of pig manure application on growth,physiology and accumulation of Pb and Zn in Arabis alpinal var.parviflora Franch and Oxyria sinensis Hemsl with Pb(1000 mg·kg-1)and Zn(1000 mg·kg-1)stresses.The results showed that soil pH value did not vary significantly and CEC increased with increase in pig manure application.Water soluble and exchangeable Pb and Zn increased in soil of A.alpinal and kept stable in soil of O.sinensis.Fe-Mn oxide bound Pb and Zn did not vary significantly.Organic bound Pb and Zn increased significantly with increase in pig manure application.The root length,biomass,leave chlorophyll contents and membrane permeability increased under Pb and Zn stresses with increase in pig manure application,except for biomass of O.sinensis under Pb stress.Contents,accumulation rate,bioaccumulation factor and transfer factor of Pb and Zn in A.alpinal increased with increase in pig manure application,especially contents and accumulation rate reached maximum with pig manure 14 g·kg-1 application.Contents and accumulation rate of Pb in O.sinensis increased and those of Zn decreased with increase in pig manure application.Bioaccumulation factor and transfer factor of Pb and Zn in O.sinensis did not vary significantly.The results indicate that growth and physiology of A.alpinal and O.sinensis could be improved,companying with Pb and Zn contents in A.alpinal and Pb content in O.sinensis increasing with pig manure application under Pb and Zn stresses.The optimal rate of pig manure application was 14 g·kg-1.

Phytoremediation technique using plants to remove contaminants from soil has become a topic in current research.The research progress on hyperaccumulators' cultivation techniques was systematically elaborated from many aspects,including variety selecting,seedling breeding,fertilizing(nitrogen phosphorus and organic fertilizer),usage of chelator and amendment agent,soil moisture condition,construction of ecological communities and collecting time.The direction of hyperaccumulators' research was raised by improving the aboveground biomass and the heavy metal accumulation quantity through improving cultivation measures.

Yunnan province has abundance of forage germplasm resources because of its complicated natural geography and climate.The natural geography and the abundance ratio,distributing and research status of forage germplasm resources in Yunnan province were introduced in this paper.According to the problems in germplasm resources,suggestions such as extensive collection,effective conservation,intensive research,active innovation and sustainable utilization were put forward.The future research strategies for forage germplasm resources were proposed.