An effective method for preparing conductive composite microspheres based on poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (SMA) microspheres was developed. Cross-linked SMA microspheres were first synthesized via self-stabilized precipitation polymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride using divinylbenzene as the crosslinker. Based on the high reactivity of the maleic anhydride groups, abundant amino groups were modified on the surface of SMA microspheres by 1,4-butanediamine (SMA-NH2 microspheres). These amino groups served as effective anchoring sites for the dense immobilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through in-situ reduction, creating highly active catalytic centers. Subsequent secondary silver growth, mediated by ascorbic acid, facilitated the formation of a uniform and continuous silver shell.The resulting SMA@Ag microspheres exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, reaching 2578 S/cm. Notably, this amine-mediated strategy obviates the conventional requirement for heavy-metal-based sensitizers and activators (e.g., Sn2+, Pd2+), thereby streamlining the process and enhancing its environmental sustainability. This approach provides a straightforward and eco-friendly route for the production of high-performance conductive polymer composites.

Conventional foot pressure sensors suffer from measurement inaccuracy, wearing discomfort, and frequent calibration, which greatly hinder their long-term practical application. Herein, we develop a tannic acid (TA)-enhanced thermoplastic poly(ether–ester) elastomer/polypyrrole hybrid membrane (TPEE–PPy–TA) with high stretchability and excellent durability as a foot pressure insole for deep learning algorithms assisted effective detection of knee deformities. Specifically, the TPEE fibrous substrate is primarily synthesized through a precisely controlled electrospinning process. Then, the in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on TPEE substrate is conducted using FeCl3 as an oxidant and TA as a dopant. The incorporation of TA can dramatically enhance the stretchability of TPEE–PPy hybrid membrane. This enhancement is attributed to abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups of TA, which synergistically interact with both PPy chains and Fe3+ ions to form multifunctional interfacial networks. The stretchable and conductive membrane-based flexible sensor demonstrates outstanding pressure-sensing performance with broad detection range, fast response/recovery time, and excellent cyclic stability under 10 N loading. Beyond accurately monitoring various human motions and effectively transmitting haptic-based Morse code signals, our pressure monitoring system achieves 98.0

Two-dimensional organic framework-based electrodes are typically designed with extended pi-conjugation to enhance electronic conduction. However, the extensive pi-conjugation often leads to relatively electrochemically inert conjugated frameworks with characteristic pi-pi layer stacking. This may result in unfavorable electrode thermodynamics and kinetics. In this study, we present a curvature modulation strategy via bending of the organic framework to induce charge rehybridization of the framework layer, resulting in altered conjugated bonding and crystalline structure. Both electrode thermodynamics and kinetics are thus simultaneously optimized, in comparison to flatter frameworks. Notably, the curved F-2-H kappa exhibits a doubled discharge capacity and nearly approaches its theoretical capacity limit. These findings present a straightforward approach to enhancing organic electrode performance without requiring structural or synthetic redesigns. Additionally, understanding of the curvature effect on electrochemical performance offers insights for the carbon additive selection when designing electrode components.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microspheres are widely used in various fields due to their excellent chemical stability, mechanical strength and tunable structure. In this paper, poly(AN-co-St) microspheres were prepared by self-stabilized precipitation (2SP) polymerization due to its good controllability and easy operability. Due to the significant influence of the solvent on precipitation polymerization, ethyl acetate was selected as the solvent resulting in the good sphericity and size controllability of poly(AN-co-St) microspheres. When the solubility parameter of the solvent system was altered, the morphology of the poly(AN-co-St) microspheres changed from a spherical shape to a floral pattern. The average particle size of these poly(AN-co-St) microspheres could be easily controlled within the range of 0.4-1.0 mu m. In addition, the 2SP polymerization attained a maximum yield of 97% at a monomer concentration of 25 wt%. Moreover, because of no addition of the stabilizer in the process of the 2SP polymerization, the poly(AN-co-St) microspheres are much clear. The effect of initiator concentration and crosslinker concentration on poly (AN-co-St) microspheres were also investigated. The benefits of employing the 2SP polymerization technique include excellent sphericity and homogeneity of the microspheres, high production efficiency, the ability to control particle size and straightforward operational procedures, which make the 2SP polymerization highly promising for synthesizing PAN microspheres.

Crystal repair strategies are commonly used to extend the cycling life of electrode materials, but their effectiveness is often limited and may introduce defects. In this study, we propose an electrochemically induced phase transformation approach to complement traditional repair strategies. This technique regenerates decayed α-phase V2O5 from deteriorated lithium-ion batteries by not only repairing defects but also forming stable bilayer structure crystals for excellent Zn2+ storage. By controlling the stimulated current, the phase transformation kinetics can be precisely tuned with the assistance of interlayer H2O. The reconfigured V2O5 achieves a remarkable Zn2+ areal capacity of 6.5 mA h cm-2 in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), with a cycling over 1500 cycles, outperforming ZIBs made from common fresh V2O5.

Poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) microspheres are utilized in several applications due to their superior mechanical properties, excellent chemical stability, and tunable surface modification. In this work, poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) microspheres were synthesized in ethyl acetate usingreflux precipitation polymerization. The average particle size and morphology of microspheres were carefully measured to investigate the responding influencing factors. In the growth process of these microspheres, the average particle size of poly(AN-co-St) microspheres changed a little after 180 min. However, the yield of the microspheres continued to increase until 420 min. The properties of the solvents had a significant impact on both the average particle size and the morphology of the poly(AN-co-St) microspheres. The concentrations of the initiator and the cross-linker have minimal effect on the average particle size of poly(AN-co-St) microspheres. By controlling the monomer content at 25 wt%, the yield of these microspheres could reach 82%. The method is straightforward to operate andthe prepared microspheres exhibithigh sphericity and uniformity. As a result, it shows great promise for thepreparation of submicron poly(AN-co-St) microspheres.

Polysulfone (PSU) as a comprehensive performance of special engineering plastics, was seriously limited its further development because of the problem of poor processability. In this paper, different PSU graft copolymer was prepared by Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction and then prepared as composite with pure PSU. The thermal resistance of composite was better with the addition of graft copolymer. And the glass transition temperature (T g ) of composite was remained essentially unchanged, whereas the activation energy of the glass transition was effectively reduced, which meant that the processability of composite was significantly improved. On the other hand, the mechanical properties were better than that of pure PSU. As expected, the processibility of PSU graft copolymer and composite were enhanced while other properties were remained basically unchanged. Among them, when the graft copolymer had a grafting rate of 32%, a graft chain length of 12C and a mass fraction of 5%, the processing performance of the PSU-g-c/PSU composites was best, which improved by about 55%. At the same time, the mechanical properties were basically unchanged and even improved. This grafting modification method will significantly improve the processibility of rigid chain polymers, thus making them have a better development prospect.

The simultaneous attainment of long cycle life and high energy in Si anodes remains challenging. Herein, we introduce the concept of primary building units as organizing units to construct durable and conductive electrode architectures, which helps to facilitate the coalescence of Si nanoparticles with conductive pathways and prevent nanoparticle aggregation.

At present, it is of great significance to develop an effective method of recycling cyclic olefin copolymers (rCOC) due to its increasing application. But, its poor toughness is still an important difficulty to limit its effective recycling. In this article, we introduced PA6 into the POE-g-MAH/rCOC composites. Because of the good compatibility of POE-g-MAH between PA6 and rCOC, it just led to an overall improvement in mechanical properties of PA6/POE-g-MAH/rCOC (45/15/40) composites. Its tensile strength reached 42.3 MPa, which was more than 41.9% compared with that of POE-g-MAH/rCOC composites. Its notched impact strength was 11.7 kJ/m(2), which was higher than 875.0% compared with rCOC. Furthermore, the component of PA6 was wrapped by nonpolar rCOC and POE-g-MAH, resulting in a low water absorption rate (1.0%). So, the strength of the composites only dropped a little after water adsorption. In summary, the addition of PA6 helped the composites effectively utilize the toughness of POE-g-MAH. Thus, we developed an easy method to recycle rCOC and prepare the responding composites with high strength and toughness.

新工科建设的一项重要内容是使学生具备立体性、拓展性和综合性的能力,从而实现高素质发展.大型仪器设备在高分子材料的结构分析、性能检测中扮演重要的角色,渗透到了高分子专业实践教学的各个环节,是激发学生创新意识和提高学生综合素质的重要基础条件之一.针对目前大型仪器设备在高分子专业实验教学中的现状和弊端,设计并实践递进式的教学内容体系.在教学过程中,我们采用项目式教学法,在构建线上线下教学资源的基础上,对相关大型仪器设备进行开放式管理和模块化教学,以问题为导向、学生为主体、教师作引导,层层递进,通过具体项目的实施,启发引导学生在实践操作中自主分析和解决问题,有效提高学生对聚合物大型表征设备和仪器的综合应用,从而培养学生良好的实践和创新能力,提高学生的综合素质.

为了改善目前课堂教学中互动教学不足的问题,在"高分子材料加工技术"课程中设计和应用了一系列互动教学方式,主要包括比较常用的问答式教学和案例教学,同时糅合了短视频教学、动画教学等,并进一步采用项目开发式教学,实现了师生之间的深度互动.通过这一系列互动教学,不仅有效地把握了课堂节奏,提高了教学效果,而且拓展了学生的知识面,激发了学生的学习主动性和积极性,同时培养了学生的团队合作能力和沟通能力.教师的角色也在互联网技术时代逐渐从知识传播的主体向知识学习的引导者转化.

The increasing demands for the greener synthesis and the higher efficient strategy for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction have motivated the development of new catalysts and processes due to its important application in pharmaceutics, petrochemicals, organic synthesis, polymer, etc. fields. In this work, different designs of numbering-up reactors were employed for the catalysis of Suzuki-Miyaura reaction based on a self-supporting palladium catalyst. Compared with the conventional tank reactor, the catalytic efficiency was improved more than 5 times depending on the numbering-up of reactors with a parallel connection. Furthermore, the influence of the different connection models on the catalysis was carefully compared. The high catalytic activity, good adaptability, and non-leakage of palladium bestowed upon this strategy with great potential in the large-scale application of the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Moreover, the synthesis of a self-supporting palladium catalyst (P (b-NHC-Pd)) with high molecular weight was presented. From the catalytic kinetics analysis, the activation energy of this catalyst decreased by 37% compared with that of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. Thus, this self-supporting catalyst is highly promising for operation in a continuous flow reactor due to its high catalytic activity, excellent separability, and high stability.

With the rapid development of biology and nanotechnology, designing nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like activities has attracted huge attention in recent years. Herein, for the first time, we use zein as a new protein precursor to prepare N-rich carbonized zein nanosheets (C-Zein) via facile pyrolysis. Zein is an inert, biodegradable and sustainable natural biopolymer. After high-temperature carbonization, zein can be converted into highly catalytically active C-Zein, which can possess excellent peroxidase- and oxidase-like catalytic activities. Such intrinsic enzyme-like activities of C-Zein are closely related to its graphitization degree, the ratio of graphitic nitrogen and the formation of disordered graphene. Intriguingly, C-Zein also exhibits high photothermal conversion efficiency in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Coupling their unique photothermal and catalytic properties, the as-prepared C-Zein can act as a robust agent for synergistic photothermal-catalytic cancer treatment under the irradiation of NIR light. We expect that this work paves the way to use zein for designing efficient artificial enzymes and accelerate further growth in exploring its new biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Recently, the design and development of nanozyme-based logic gates have received much attention. In this work, by engineering the stability of the nanozyme-catalyzed product, we demonstrated that the chromogenic system of 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) can act as a visual output signal for constructing various Boolean logic operations. Specifically, cerium oxide or ferroferric oxide-based nanozymes can catalyze the oxidation of colorless TMB to a blue color product (oxTMB). The blue-colored solution of oxTMB could become colorless by some reductants, including the reduced transition state of glucose oxidase and xanthine oxidase. As a result, by combining biocatalytic reactions, the color change of oxTMB could be controlled logically. In our logic systems, glucose oxidase, β-galactosidase, and xanthine oxidase acted as inputs, and the state of oxTMB solution was used as an output. The logic operation produced a colored solution as the readout signal, which was easily distinguished with the naked eye. More importantly, the study of such a decolorization process allows the transformation of previously designed AND and OR logic gates into NAND and NOR gates. We propose that this work may push forward the design of novel nanozyme-based biological gates and help us further understand complex physiological pathways in living systems.

The typical polymer electrolyte matrix has been limited to the chains consisting of -C-C- or -C-O-C- or -Si-O- backbone with different solvating groups for decades. In this work, the polymeric sulfur consisting of -(S-S)(n)-backbone with a high sulfur content (up to 90 wt % S) was reported for the first time. The flexible -(S-S)(n)- chains with high S atom density create an intense "solvating" environment for Li+ conduction, achieving an excellent Li+ conductivity of 1.69 X 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 80 degrees C. Benefiting from its unique thermoplasticity, a hot-rolling process was also developed for fabricating the poly-S membrane. The symmetric solid-state Li cell using the membrane showed a high cycling stability over 300 h. The work offers a novel platform for chemists to design new polymer electrolytes that are quite different with conventional carbon-based polymer electrolytes.

Toughness and tensile strength are important mechanical properties of polymers. However, it is generally very challenging to improve the toughness without an obvious decrease in the tensile strength, and vice versa, which greatly limits the applications of polymers. Here we developed a novel hydrogen bonding-based self-assembly technology for melt blending polymers to achieve a notable improvement in toughness without an obvious decrease in the tensile strength. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blend was selected a model composite and its elongation at break increased significantly from 1150% (0 wt% PA6) to 1350% (7.5 wt% PA6) and 1375% (10 wt% PA6), without an obvious decrease in the tensile strength. We deeply investigated the relationship between microcosmic self-assembly and macroscopic mechanical properties in polymer melt blends. It was found that the hard and soft segment groups (urethane and ester) of TPU form new hydrogen bonds with the amide group of PA6 through hydrogen-bonded self-assembly during the melt blending process, while the intrinsic hydrogen bonding structure of TPU was obviously shielded and weakened. As a result, the TPU/PA6 melt blends showed a notable improvement in toughness without an obvious decrease in the tensile strength. Since most previous self-assembly studies were carried out in solution and there was little work focused on the industrial convenient melt blending method, our study paves the way for further studies on both theoretical studies and practical applications of polymer blends.

Although the immobilization of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the support is a conventional method for preventing them from aggregation and improving their separability at the cost of activity loss, herein, we developed a facile method to prepare supported Au NPs with the higher catalytic activity and better separability due to the selective adsorption of its functional surface. Firstly, the multi-functional carriers (amino-modified magnetic microspheres) were synthesized to immobilize Au NPs. Depending on its surface adsorption towards the reactant (p-nitrophenol), this carrier could greatly improve the mass transfer between p-nitrophenol (4-NP) and Au NPs resulting in the improvement of catalytic activity of supported Au NPs. The catalytic activity of supported Au NPs is increased more than 6.65 times compared with that of isolated Au NPs. Then, the effects of the particle size and supporting density of Au NPs on the catalytic activity were also investigated. Turnover frequency value of supported Au NPs (3.8 nm) reaches 16,000 h−1 when its surface density is controlled to 2211 μg g−1. Furthermore, the catalyst of Au/Fe3O4@PS-NH2 showed excellent catalytic activity when various nitrobenzene derivatives were employed as substrates. Remarkably, these supported Au NPs could be easily isolated by magnetic separation in 30 s. This catalyst could be recycled for 45 times without any loss in catalytic activity. The high catalytic activity and easy separability of this supported Au NPs make it much potential in large-scale application.

An approach is developed to fabricate supported AuPd nanoparticles (NPs) with high catalytic activity and good separability depending on these amino-modified polymer microspheres (Fe3O4@PS-NH2). After the careful surface modification with amino groups, the selective adsorption of these magnetic polymer carriers to p-nitrophenol (4-NP) is much available for the improvement of the catalytic activity of immobilized AuPd nanoparticles. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the bimetallic catalyst could be tunable via controlling the surface coverage of palladium on Au nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of supported AuPd NPs (S-AuPd250%) for 4-NP reduction increased 3.78 times compared with that of isolated AuPd NPs. The catalytic activity (k/mAu) even reached 479.78 min−1 mg−1 as S-AuPd150% and was selected as the catalyst. In addition, these supported AuPd nanoparticles are easily and rapidly isolated by magnetic separation. Due to its high stability, these supported AuPd NPs could be recycled for 30 runs without any loss of catalytic activity. Thus, the high catalytic activity and easy separability of this supported AuPd NPs are efficiently combined together, which is showing great potential in nanocatalysts.

In recent years solid Li+ conductors with competitive ionic conductivity to those of liquid electrolytes have been reported. However, the incorporation of highly conductive solid electrolytes into the lithium-ion batteries is still very challenging mainly due to the high resistance existing at the solid-solid interfaces throughout the battery structure. Here, we demonstrated a universal interfacial modification strategy through coating a curable polymer-based glue electrolyte between the electrolyte and electrodes, aiming to address the poor solid-solid contact and thus decrease high interfacial resistance. The liquid glue exhibits both great wettability as well as chemical/electrochemical stability to most of the electrodes, and it can be easily solidified into a polymer electrolyte layer through a "post-curing" treatment. As a result, symmetric Li batteries with the glue modification exhibit much smaller impedance and enhanced stability upon plating/stripping cycles compared to the batteries without glue modification. The all-solid-state Li-S batteries with glue modification show significantly enhanced performances. The strategy of developing glue electrolytes to improve the electrode-electrolyte interface contact provides an alternative option for improving many other solid-state batteries.

While solid polymer electrolytes are poised to be the key component of next-generation solid-state batteries, the low Li+ transference number of the polymer electrolytes limits their practical applications. Here, porous boron-containing covalent organic frameworks with different surface areas were synthesized and employed as functional additives for enhancing the Li+ transference number of the polymer electrolytes. The boron-containing frameworks enable strong adsorption of the anions of the lithium salt, leading to a significantly enhanced Li+ transference number of the polymer electrolyte containing COF additives. It is observed that solid-state cells assembled with the COF-containing polymer electrolytes exhibited remarkably decreased overpotentials and enhanced rate performances, which opens up new ways to apply porous organics in next-generation solid-state batteries.