BACKGROUND:This study explored the relationship between school-level built environment factors (building density and height) and myopia prevalence. METHODS:In all 16 districts of Shanghai, students from public schools and kindergartens underwent visual acuity testing and non-cycloplegic refraction between 2019 and 2023. Building density and height within 500-metre and 1,000-metre buffers around the schools were obtained using GIS (Geographic Information System)-based spatial and network analyses from the Tianditu database. Demographic and behavioural covariates, such as age, gender, outdoor activity time and near-work time, were collected through questionnaires. Logistic mixed-effect models were used to analyse the association between the building environment and myopia, adjusting for relevant demographic and behavioural factors. RESULTS:Data from 8 647 375 participants were analysed, with 1 116 851 followed consistently. The myopia rate among students was significantly higher during 2020-2021 compared with 2019, 2022 and 2023 (p<0.05). Myopia was more prevalent in students aged 6 to 12, with a higher average age for myopic individuals (8.13 vs 6.64 years). The average building density was higher at schools of myopic students (15.70%) versus non-myopic students (14.90%) (p<0.001). Building density near schools was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent (p<0.05), while no significant association was found with building height. The risk of myopia increased with higher building density (OR: 1.143-1.202, p<0.05), particularly in boys over 12 years old. A stronger association was observed in inner suburban areas (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Prolonged exposure to high building density may accelerate myopia progression. Urban planning should consider vision health, with regulations on building density near schools to reduce myopia risk.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the association between the baseline morphologic stage of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and postoperative visual acuity and metamorphopsia. METHODS:This retrospective study included 39 consecutive patients with primary fovea-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent scleral buckling at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University between 2018 and 2023. Optical coherence tomography, best-corrected visual acuity, and M-CHARTS were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS:Baseline morphologic Stage was 1 and 2 in 41%, 3 in 21%, 4 in 15%, and 5 in 23% of patients. Advanced morphologic stage was associated with worse best-corrected visual acuity ( P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.008, 0.002, and 0.002) and greater M-CHARTS scores ( P = 0.033, 0.004, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.005) at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, the partial correlation coefficients between best-corrected visual acuity at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were significantly positive ( P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.002, and 0.005, respectively), as were the partial correlation coefficients between preoperative vertical M-CHARTS scores and scores at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively ( P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.027, respectively). The M-CHART scores at 3, 6, and 12 months were significantly better in Stages 1, 2, and 3 versus Stage 4 ( P = 0.002, 0.003, and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION:Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and metamorphopsia deteriorated significantly at all timepoints in patients with more advanced baseline morphologic stages, highlighting the need for earlier intervention in fovea-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to explore the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and body mass index (BMI), and to further investigate how the severity and specific subtypes of IPV are associated with BMI outcomes. STUDY DESIGN:A national, cross-sectional survey was conducted. METHODS:Data from 23,469 adults in the 2023 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents were analyzed to examine associations between IPV and BMI. IPV severity and subtypes were assessed via a validated five-item scale, and BMI was categorized according to Chinese standards. Multinomial logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models evaluated both linear and nonlinear relationships, with subgroup analyses exploring variations by sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. RESULTS:Among 23,469 participants, IPV exposure showed a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with BMI, peaking at a score of 7.41; mild to moderate IPV exposure was associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity, while severe IPV was associated with underweight. Subtype analyses revealed that sexual violence and controlling behaviours were correlated with underweight, whereas emotional and verbal abuse were associated with overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS:The study demonstrated that the severity and subtype of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure have distinct effects on body mass index (BMI) outcomes, underscoring the need for integrating IPV screening into weight-related assessments and for developing targeted, context-specific public health interventions.

PURPOSE:To compare the long-term anatomic and visual outcomes of macular hole (MH)-associated retinal detachment (MHRD) treated with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, ILM insertion, or inverted ILM flap techniques. DESIGN:Retrospective and comparative study. PARTICIPANTS:Two hundred eighty-eight patients with MHRD who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and ILM technique were enrolled at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University. METHODS:Two hundred ninety-five eyes were divided into ILM peeling (138 eyes), ILM insertion (54 eyes), and ILM flap (103 eyes) groups and subdivided according to the extent of retinal detachment, non-high/high myopia, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade, and chorioretinal atrophy (CA) grade. The initial retinal reattachment rate, MH closure rate, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and improvement in BCVA were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Anatomic and visual outcomes of MHRD treated with ILM peeling, insertion, or flap techniques. RESULTS:The ILM flap and insertion techniques were associated with significantly better initial MH closure rate than ILM peeling (91% vs 87% vs 54%, P < 0.001) along with a greater BCVA improvement (P < 0.001). The proportion of eyes with BCVA improvement was higher for the ILM flap technique than for ILM insertion (96% vs 83%, P < 0.005). In eyes with non-high myopia (axial length <26 mm), the ILM flap technique demonstrated better postoperative BCVA improvement than ILM peeling, but without an anatomic advantage. In eyes with PVR grade C or CA grade 4, the ILM flap technique achieved greater MH closure rates than ILM peeling, but without visual benefits. Retinal detachment extending beyond the arcade, the ILM insertion, and ILM flap techniques were significantly associated with MH closure (P = 0.011, 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Preoperative BCVA, retinal detachment beyond the arcade, CA grade, ILM insertion technique, and ILM flap technique were independently associated with the BCVA improvement (P = 0.003, 0.009, 0.006, and 0.014 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:The ILM insertion and flap techniques were associated with greater MH closure rates and BCVA improvements compared with the ILM peeling technique for the treatment of MHRD. The ILM flap technique outperformed the ILM insertion technique in terms of functional recovery. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S):The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

PURPOSE:To explore the relationship between myopia and green space, and the mediation effects of outdoor time. METHODS:We used large-scale, cross-sectional observational data from Shanghai, China. Participants were aged 3~20 years and underwent visual acuity and non-cycloplegic refraction in 2021. Using GIS-based data on environments surrounding participants' schools and kindergartens, we examined the association between green space (measured by NDVI) and myopia. We employed a logistic mixed-effects model to assess the impact of school-level green environments on individual myopia, reporting odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore whether outdoor activity time mediates the relationship between green environments and myopia. Additionally, we conducted age- and gender-stratified analyses and validated the robustness of the model through sensitivity analysis. RESULTS:Complete case sample sizes were 1,727,709 from 3,399 schools and kindergartens [899,817 (52.082%) boys; mean age 10.065 years (SD: 3.633)]. NDVI within 1000 m of schools was independently associated with lower odds of myopia (OR: 0.299, 95% CI: 0.249 ~ 0.357, p < 0.001), with 2.7% of the total effects attributed to the mediation effects of outdoor time. The effect sizes for NDVI were comparatively more protective in boys and those aged 7~12 years (OR: 0.223, 95% CI:0.156 ~ 0.319, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis with a 500-meter NDVI radius and alternative outcome variable of wearing glasses confirmed consistency with the previous results. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates a significant impact of green environments on myopia in children and adolescents aged 3~20 years, revealing the potential mediating effect of outdoor activities. Policymakers should consider implementing intervention measures to enhance green spaces in schools to promote eye-health-friendly environments.

OBJECTIVES:To examine the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) from current or former marital partners and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults. STUDY DESIGN:A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted. METHODS:The study was conducted between June and August 2023, using a sample representing all 34 provincial-level regions of China. 23,469 participants were involved. IPV from current or former marital partners was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale that measured physical and sexual violence; verbal and emotional abuse; and controlling behaviours. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for confounders and stratified analyses were used to examine the association between IPV and depressive symptoms. RESULTS:Of the participants, 48.2 % reported experiencing IPV, and 49.9 % were found to have depressive symptoms. Exposure to IPV carried significantly higher odds of depressive symptoms, with a nonlinear relationship observed. Physical violence (OR: 4.15; 95 %CI: 3.87-4.46) and sexual violence (OR: 4.44; 95 %CI: 4.14-4.77) were most strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Stratified analyses showed that the association between IPV and depression was stronger among those having injuries in the past year. CONCLUSIONS:This study highlights a significant relationship between IPV from current or former marital partners and depressive symptoms in China, emphasizing the need for targeted mental health interventions for victims of IPV. Addressing IPV is crucial in mitigating depressive symptoms risk, particularly among vulnerable populations.

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of spontaneously closed full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) and to seek potential predictors for the spontaneous closure of FTMHs.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical data and optical coherence tomography images were reviewed from 19 eyes with spontaneously closed FTMHs (spontaneous closure group) and 37 control eyes with FTMHs that were delayed for nonmedical reasons, but ultimately required surgery (control group). The term, suspended hyperreflective material, was defined as hyperreflective material suspended within the FTMHs observed via optical coherence tomography; the presence of suspended hyper reflective material was evaluated in these eyes.Results: The median time from diagnosis to spontaneous closure of the FTMHs was 13.7 (range, 2.4-32.4) weeks in the spontaneous closure group. The mean diameter of FTMHs in the spontaneous closure group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (191.68 +/- 70.57 vs. 401.68 +/- 162.19 mm, P , 0.0001). The incidence of vitreomacular traction was higher in the spontaneous closure group compared with the control group (9/19 vs. 5/37, P = 0.009, odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 5.76 [1.56-21.21]); in seven of the nine eyes with vitreomacular traction from the spontaneous closure group, spontaneous vitreomacular traction separation and subsequent FTMH closure was observed. Suspended hyperreflective material was observed in nine eyes (47%) from the spontaneous closure group and three eyes (8%) from the control group (P = 0.001, odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 10.20 [2.31-45.02]).Conclusion: Smaller diameters, vitreomacular traction, and presence of suspended hyperreflective material may be suggestive of the potential for spontaneous closure of FTMHs. RETINA 44:237-245, 2024

center dot PURPOSE: To explore the trend of ocular manifestations and interleukin (IL) during the treatment of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and to evaluate the potential effects of different intravitreal administration schedules on the therapeutic response.center dot DESIGN: Interventional comparative nonrandomized clinical study.center dot METHODS: Patients diagnosed with VRL between Jan-uary 2011 and January 2022 were included. Intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) injections consisting of induction, consolidation, and maintenance were scheduled. At base-line and each visit, ocular manifestations and IL in aque-ous humor were recorded. Effects of the variations (eg, frequency and number) in the injection schedule on the therapeutic response were analyzed.center dot RESULTS: Fifty-eight eyes of 33 patients were treated with intravitreal MTX chemotherapy. A mean +/- standard deviation of 9 +/- 3 injections were given; 52 eyes achieved complete remission (CR). IL-10, keratic precipitates, and subretinal lesions correlated well with the course of treat-ment (all P < .001). Initial injection given twice weekly was correlated with a higher rate of CR (36/36) than given once weekly or less frequently (16/22; P = .011). Ocular progression occurred in 13 eyes of 8 patients. The completion of schedule was correlated with PFS (in-duction + consolidation + maintenance: 547 [335-874] days; induction + consolidation: 355 [322-831] days; in-duction only: 147 [116-187.5] days; P < .001). IL-10 > 50 pg/mL was a feasible threshold for the detection of ocular relapse (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 95.1%).center dot CONCLUSION: Keratic precipitates, subretinal lesions, and IL-10 could serve as indicators for therapeutic response. Intensive initial administration and adequate in-jection numbers would help to improve the response and prognosis. IL-10 > 50 pg/mL could help detect ocular re-lapse. (Am J Ophthalmol 2023;251: 189-196. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

围绕建设中国特色高水平医学人才培养体系的关键问题,聚焦长学制临床医学博士生教育,比较分析临床医学八年一贯制、"4+4"模式、直博/硕博连读等长学制临床医学教育的不同招生路径和培养模式,提出创新发展临床医学博士生教育的若干政策建议.

2024年研究生招生、培养工作将按《研究生教育学科专业目录(2022年)》进行.本研究回顾1983年以来我国人才培养学科专业目录历史演变过程,分析新版学科专业目录管理办法内涵,提出创新医学拔尖人才培养机制:一是打破学科专业壁垒,深化学科交叉融合;二是创新学科组织形式,改革人才培养模式;三是加强一流学科建设,提升人才培养质量.

回顾复旦大学在书院体系建设和功能定位方面的发展历程,以克卿书院为例,重点阐述书院在医学教育创新发展中的协同育人机制和实践探索.加强书院体系建设,要强化立德树人思想引领,提升育人能级,坚持以文化人、以文育人,在学生日常学习、生活和实践中润物无声地融入理想信念教育、爱国主义教育、品德修养教育等.创新协同育人机制,要落实"五维育德"(德、智、体、美、劳),以导师队伍为抓手,以实践育人为路径,以学术活动为重点,助力"三全育人"(全员育人、全过程育人、全方位育人)综合改革,帮助学生健全人格,实现德、智、体、美、劳全面发展.

聚焦"健康中国""教育强国"国家战略需求,围绕新医科建设内涵、人才培养学科专业、医学学制学位制度、临床医生培养体系、医教协同育人机制,系统全面梳理医学教育创新发展相关国家文件政策,论述如何以新医科统领医学教育创新发展,推进"科教结合""产教融合",促进医工、医理、医文学科交叉融合,全面提升"医学+X"拔尖创新医学人才和卓越临床医生的自主培养质量,为推进健康中国建设提供强有力的人才保障.

研究生教育是国家高层次人才自主培养的主渠道,是拔尖创新人才培养的主阵地,也是教育、科技、人才三位一体发展的关键点.学科专业目录是学科专业的制度性呈现,研究生教育学科专业目录为学科专业建设、人才培养、培养质量评价、学位授予和学位授权审核提供基本依据.文章围绕研究生学科专业目录规范管理和研究生招生学科专业代码编制规则,以基础医学、公共卫生与预防医学两个一级学科为例,分析一流医学院校研究生学科专业目录设置,探讨创新促进交叉融合招生和学位授予机制以及"双轮驱动"医学人才培养体系的创新实践.

医学院校"一站式"学生社区是课堂外落实立德树人的重要阵地,是培养高层次医药卫生人才、落实学生基层党建工作的核心场域.医学作为一门实践性学科,医学教育注重人文精神培育,培养阶段存在着跨场域和住宿分散化的特征,医学院校"一站式"学生社区党建工作存在着党建育人队伍较为单一、育人功能发挥不充分、党建引领活动医科针对性不强等现实问题.根据新时期基层党建工作新要求,落实医教协同推进医学教育改革与发展的意见,要构建以"育人资源下沉、集成平台搭建、特色空间打造、先锋模范树立、公益品牌推出"为特征的医学院校"一站式"学生社区党建工作体系,使其成为促进医学生全面发展的党建前沿阵地和学习实践园地,加强党建功能发挥.以学生为中心,通过党建工作将学生的思想政治教育工作落实落细,依托公益医疗打造党建育人新格局,推动医学院校"一站式"学生社区高质量发展.

ObjectiveTo analyze the association of maternal psychological resilience during pregnancy with parent-child interaction in early infancy and the mediating and moderating effect of postpartum depressive symptoms on the association. MethodsThe study was conducted during April 2016 – June 2020 among 3 429 mother-infant dyads recruited from the participants of Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. Baseline survey on the mothers was carried out at 12 – 14 weeks′ gestation with a self-administered questionnaire. Maternal psychological resilience during pregnancy was evaluated using the Resilience Scale for Adult (RSA). During follow-ups two months after delivery, postpartum depressive symptoms of the mothers was assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and parent-child interaction was estimated by main caregivers of the infants using a self-designed questionnaire under the guidance of community physicians. Unconditional binary logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the effect of maternal higher resilience on insufficient parent-child interaction in early infancy; causal mediation and stratified analysis were used to analyze the mediating and moderating effects of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms on the effect of maternal psychological resilience. ResultsOf the mothers, 1 738 (50.69%) and 1 691 (49.31%) were assessed as having high and low psychological resilience. Compared to the mothers with low resilience, the mothers with high resilience reported significantly higher proportion of with high socioeconomic status (56.24% vs. 36.94%) but lower proportions of aged < 25 years at the delivery (9.23% vs. 16.46%), tobacco exposure in first trimester (14.84% vs. 19.33%) and postpartum depressive symptoms (17.86% vs. 22.90%) (all P < 0.001). Unconditional binary logistic regression analysis showed that the mothers with high resilience were at a lower risk of insufficient parent-child interaction in early infancy than those with low resilience (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.63 – 0.89) after adjusting main confounders. The results of the causal mediation analysis revealed that high maternal resilience could play a protective role on insufficient parent-child interaction by reducing postpartum depressive symptoms, with a percentage mediated (PM) of 7.19% (ORnature indirect effect = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95 – 0.99). Compared to the mothers with high resilience and without postpartum depressive symptoms, the mothers with only low resilience or postpartum depressive symptoms were at increased risk of insufficient parent-child interaction, with the aORs (95% CI) of 1.29 (1.06 – 1.56) or 1.45 (1.08 – 1.97); the increased risk was much higher (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.71 – 2.85) for the mothers with both low resilience and postpartum depressive symptoms. ConclusionHigh maternal resilience during pregnancy has a protective effect on insufficient parent-child interaction in early infancy, and postpartum depressive symptoms plays both mediating and moderating effect on the effect of maternal resilience.

聚焦"深化医学博士生教育改革"主题,定位培养医德高尚、医术精湛的人民健康守护者和能够解决健康领域重大科学问题、应对重大疾病防控挑战的未来医学领军人才.提出:要以"立德树人"为根本,教育引导博士生坚定马克思主义信仰、胸怀祖国、扎根人民,以支撑服务健康中国建设为己任;要以创新能力为核心,通过科教融合和产教融合,培养医学博士生拔尖创新能力;要以服务需求为导向,在医学关键领域,探索培养未来医师科学家的"MD+PhD"双学位博士生教育,持续推进临床医学专业学位博士生教育和专科医师培训的有机衔接,促进发展新增公共卫生博士专业学位教育.

Objective: To investigate the association between exposures to maternal affective and stress-related factors during pregnancy and allergies in children from birth to 2 years of age.Methods: We enrolled a total of 4178 children from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort and measured maternal stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy by applying the Life Events Scale for Pregnant Women, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, respectively. Children's allergies were assessed by community physicians at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively; these included eczema, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, wheezing, asthma, and atopic rhinitis. We applied a latent class analysis (LCA) to these factors and analyzed the impacts of maternal affective and stress-related factors on childhood allergies by exploiting multivariate logistic regression.Results: Three distinct classes of children were revealed by LCA: healthy (79.8%), transient allergy (15.2%), and persistent allergy (4.9%). High maternal stress in both early and late pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of infant eczema at 2 months (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.01-1.67; aOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.14-2.36). Moreover, high maternal stress in late pregnancy was also associated with food allergy at 6 months, rhinitis at 2 years of age, and persistent allergy (aOR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.27-8.12; aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.01-3.15; and aOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.10-3.40).Conclusions: The associations of maternal affective and stress-related factors during pregnancy with childhood allergies may vary by type and disease onset. We postulate that maternal stress in late pregnancy may exert a sustained negative effect on early childhood allergic diseases.

比较中美国家顶级医院住院医师临床培养模式的差异,为我国临床医学专业学位研究生培养模式的改革提供理论依据.中美外科住院医师培养在医学基础知识、临床实践能力、医德医风、临床科研和外语应用5个方面均存在着明显差异,表现为基础理论知识学习平台和考核系统相对不完善,临床实践能力培养缺乏系统的硬件支撑,医德医风及人文素养教育忽略大环境的渗透,临床科学研究缺乏系统安排和时间保障,外语文献阅读与应用能力需要进一步提高.面向新时代临床医学专业学位研究生培养的新要求,从临床一线教学出发,以教学模式改革为切入点,通过丰富授课资源,创新授课形式,加强师资培训,注重全程培养,提高教学效果,提高人才培养质量.

概述国外临床药学专业培养模式,聚焦京沪等地高校临床药学领域博士的培养路径,分析当前形势下药学高层次人才培养的需求,提出药学博士专业学位临床药学领域人才培养路径的若干思考,旨在加快我国临床药学教育与国际药学教育接轨,提高我国临床药学人才培养的质量和水平.

Background: Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and abnormal pre-pregnancy BMI have been scarcely reported to play interactive effects on child health. In this prospective cohort, we aimed to examine the interactive effects of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and pre-pregnancy BMI as well as gestational weight gain (GWG) on offspring emotional and behavioral problems (EPBs). Methods: The study samples comprised 1216 mother–child pairs from Shanghai Maternal–Child Pairs Cohort recruited from 2016 to 2018. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were obtained from medical records, and maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at 32–36 gestational weeks. The child completed the behavioral measurement via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 24 months postpartum. Results: There were 12.01% and 38.65% women with prenatal depressive symptoms and sub-threshold depressive symptoms during late pregnancy. Both maternal depressive symptoms and prenatal sub-threshold depressive symptoms were associated with higher internalizing (OR = 1.69, 95% CI, 1.05–2.72; OR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.06–2.07) and externalizing (OR = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.30–3.25; OR = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.02–1.99) problems in children. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG modified the association between prenatal depressive symptoms and child externalizing or total difficulties problems (p < 0.10 for interaction). Among the overweight/obese pregnant women, maternal prenatal depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of externalizing problems (OR = 2.75, 95% CI, 1.06–7.11) in children. Among the women who gained inadequate GWG, maternal prenatal sub-threshold depressive symptoms were associated with 2.85-fold (95% CI 1.48–5.48) risks for child externalizing problems, and maternal depressive symptoms were associated with higher externalizing and total difficulties problems (OR = 4.87, 95% CI, 2.03–11.70 and OR = 2.94, 95% CI, 1.28–6.74, respectively), but these associations were not significant in the appropriate or excessive GWG group. Conclusions: Both maternal prenatal sub-threshold depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms increased the risks of child internalizing and externalizing problems at 24 months of age, while the effects on child externalizing problems were stronger among overweight/obese or inadequate GWG pregnant women. Our study highlights the importance of simultaneously controlling the weight of pregnant women before and throughout pregnancy and prompting mental health in pregnant women, which might benefit their offspring’s EBPs.