Phenolic compounds are directly related to wine quality and also possess health benefits. Thus, an in-depth understanding of these compounds in grapes and wines is essential. In this study, phenolic compounds in musts and wines of Tempranillo variety from three soil types and two levels of urea foliar application during two vintages were analyzed, identified and quantified. Both soil type and urea foliar application showed significant effects on must phenolic compounds, but these effects could be relatively or largely reduced in wines by the vinification process. Among the three soil types, the one characterized as Fluventic Haploxerepts showed highest effects on must phenolic compounds. However, for urea foliar application, were more susceptible to vintage and other factors, such as grape performance and microenvironment. Therefore, a clear relationship among different urea applications could not be concluded.

OBJECTIVE:Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare, histologically benign yet biologically aggressive smooth muscle tumor. Previous studies have indicated that ovarian hormones may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of intravenous leiomyomatosis. However, the question of whether the deprivation of ovarian estrogen, including bilateral oophorectomy, reduces tumor recurrence in intravenous leiomyomatosis remains unclear. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study, conducted across multiple centers in China from August 2003 to July 2023, focused on premenopausal patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis who underwent hysterectomy. Patients were categorized into either the bilateral oophorectomy group or the ovarian preservation group. The study compared disease-free survival (DFS) between these two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify factors associated with DFS. RESULTS:The study included 219 patients, with 132 (60.3%) in the bilateral oophorectomy group and 87 (39.7%) in the ovarian preservation group. Generally, patients in the bilateral oophorectomy group were older, were more likely to have given birth, and had a higher proportion of extrauterine disease compared with those in the ovarian preservation group. Kaplan-Meier curves showed significantly lower recurrence rates in the bilateral oophorectomy group compared with the ovarian preservation group ( P =.01). The cumulative recurrence rates at 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years were 0.8%, 2.6%, and 4.0%, respectively, in the bilateral oophorectomy group and 9.0%, 10.3%, and 14.0%, respectively, in the ovarian preservation group. Multivariate analysis for DFS demonstrated that ovarian preservation significantly increased the risk of tumor recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio 0.14, 95% CI, 0.04-0.52, P =.003). CONCLUSION:Simultaneous bilateral oophorectomy may reduce the risk of tumor recurrence for premenopausal women diagnosed with intravenous leiomyomatosis who undergo hysterectomy.

The utilization of swirling flow in multiphase flow devices is prevalent for purposes such as mixing, separation, stabilization, and heat transfer enhancement, primarily owing to its characteristic of inducing low-pressure drop. In the nuclear industry, for example, two-phase swirling flow is applied in the nuclear gas generator to improve gas quality. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted on the decaying swirling flow of gas-liquid in a horizontal pipe equipped with a vane-type swirler. The flow patterns were visually examined, and the pressure gradients along the test pipe and across the swirler were measured. The findings suggest the presence of four distinct swirling flow patterns at the swirler outlet (z/D = 0), namely chain flow, swirling gas column flow, swirling intermittent flow, and swirling annular flow. Because of swirl decay, these swirling flows recover their original pattern approximately 70D downstream from the swirler, with the exception of the swirling gas column flow. The flow regime maps at z/D = 10, 40, 70 and 100 are proposed and the pattern-based pressure gradient characteristics are analyzed. It is shown that the pressure gradient rises as both gas superficial velocity (j(g)) and liquid superficial velocity (j(l)) increase. The largest pressure gradient occurs within the swirler section, while the lowest is found upstream of the swirler. Near the swirler outlet (z/D = 0-33), the pressure gradient is approximately 1.5-2.3 times higher than at z/D = 33-67. Further downstream, at z/D = 67-100, it is 2.2-3.5 times greater, depending on the flow patterns.

The fission gas in the thorium molten salt reactor's fission gas separation system is separated by creating a gas column in the pipe's center using a swirling flow field. During this process, if the swirling intensity fails to maintain the stability of interface, the gas column will become unstable and rupture, resulting in the formation of numerous entrained bubbles that could potentially impact separation efficiency. Thus, accurately estimating the entrainment rate of bubbles in the swirling flow field is crucial for predicting separation efficiency. This paper presents an experimental study on the bubble entrainment rate in a decaying swirling flow field using a wiremesh sensor. The study analyzes the impact of various factors on the bubble entrainment rate and provides a semi-empirical correlation for the bubble entrainment rate in a decaying swirling flow field, with a prediction error of approximately +/- 30 %.

A waxy and a non-waxy proso millet flour were each fermented by Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus plantarum. The samples were fermented for one to five days, and starch was isolated from the fermented flours. The pH of fermented proso millet flour ranged from 3.27 to 3.6. The starch morphology of fermented samples differed from that of raw starches, with surface indentations and small pores leading to granule channels observed on the granule. The gelatinization temperatures were significantly decreased, whereas the enthalpies were not affected by fermentation. Peak and final viscosities were decreased after fermentation. The hardness of Lb. fermentum and Lb. plantarum fermented waxy starch gels was decreased, but the non-waxy samples fermented by Lb. amylovorus had significantly increased hardness. The adhesiveness of the starch gels from fermented samples was significantly increased. Lactic acid fermentation had significant effects on the morphology and physicochemical properties of proso millet starch.

In the fission gas system design scheme for molten salt reactors, the bubbles carrying the fission gas converge to the center of the pipe to form a column of gas under a swirling flow field. The system separates the fission gas by removing the gas column. During the separation process, an important question is how to judge the stability of the gas column, since the breakup of gas column may greatly affect the separation efficiency. In this paper, the linear instability analysis and the swirling decay model have been combined to develop a new model for estimating the breakup location of a gas column. To validate this method, a two-phase swirling flow experiment has been conducted. The correlations of interfacial wavenumber and gas column's radius required in the theoretical model are obtained from experimental data. The predicted breakup locations and measured breakup locations are compared. The results show that the prediction error of the interfacial wave number and the gas column is within 20% and the error of the breakup position prediction method is within 30%.

Swirling flow is one of the well-recognized techniques to control the working process. This special flow is widely adopted in swirl vane separators in nuclear steam generator (SG) for water droplet separation and the fission gas removal system in Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR) for gas bubble separation. Since the parameters such as separation efficiency, pressure drop and mass and heat transfer rate are strongly dependent on the flow pattern, the accurate prediction of flow patterns and their transitions is extremely important for the proper design, operation and optimization of swirling two-phase flow systems. In this paper, using air and water as working fluids, a visualization experiment is carried out to study the gas-liquid flow in a horizontal pipe containing a swirler with four helical vanes. The test pipe is 5 m in length and 30 mm in diameter. Firstly, five typical flow patterns of swirling gas-liquid flow at the outlet of the swirler are classified and defined, these being spiral chain, swirling gas column, swirling intermittent, swirling annular and swirling ribbon flow. Being affected by the different gas and liquid flow rate of non-swirling flow, it is found that the same non-swirling flow can change into different swirling flow patterns. After that, the evolution of various swirling flow patterns along the streamwise direction is analyzed considering the influence of swirl attenuation. The results indicate that the same swirling flow pattern can transform into a variety of swirling flow patterns and subsequent non-swirling flow patterns. Finally, the flow pattern maps at different positions downstream of the swirler are presented.

Maintaining the stability of the gas column/liquid film in a swirling flow field in thorium molten salt reactor (TMSR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR). The linear stability analysis in jet theory can be used for this problem. This method focuses on the maximum growth rate of the perturbation at the gas-liquid interface and determines the stability of the gas column based on it. This approach is usually applied in the cases under nonswirling flow field. In this paper, we extend this method to the study of stability problem under a swirling flow field. We classify the stability problem within different reactors into two categories. The detailed calculation method of the maximum growth rate is given separately for the two cases. Based on the calculated maximum growth rate, we experimentally verified the stability method. Considering the differences between non-swirling flow field and swirling flow field, we improve the original method and give a new prediction correlation. The prediction errors of new correlation are within +/- 20 %.

Aim: Preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are two significant obstetrical diseases that cause serious harm to maternal and infant health. Worldwide, PE is the most frequent cause of IUGR; The latter is regarded as a serious complication of PE but its underlying mechanism and molecular biological changes are poorly understood. Thus, few effective medical therapies for its treatment are available. PE and IUGR share the same etiological background but their connections at the molecular level were rarely known. Consequently, it is of urgency to create an effective method to evaluate their molecular signature. The objective of this study was to identify the hub genes related to PE with IUGR (PE-IUGR) by conducting a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Methods: The GSE147776 data set containing 28 samples of placental tissue (n = 6 with PE-IUGR) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The gene expression profile was correlated with phenotypic data and analyzed using a WGCNA. Additionally, a WGCNA was used to construct a gene co-expression network, and hub genes were further identified by identifying modules related to the clinical traits of PE-IUGR. Results: Nine genes, i.e., TDRKH, XPOT, AMACR, NBN, ALS2, CLYBL, CENPQ, PCGF6 and COQ3 were obtained by the WGCNA. These were considered the key genes that were likely involved in IUGR in PE. Conclusions: We constructed a co-expression network of PE-IUGR and identified 9 hub genes related to the condition.

Helically coiled tubes (HCTs) are widely used in industries owing to their compact structure and excellent heat and mass transfer efficiency. Due to the complexity of three-dimensional flow in HCTs, profound knowledge on the flow pattern characteristics is not well documented in existing literature. In this paper, we employ the wire-mesh sensor (WMS) and image tomography technique to measure a series of essential parameters (e.g. flow structures, phase fraction) to explore the flow pattern transition mechanism. According to our observation, bubbly, plug, slug, wavy and annular flow are recognized, and the mechanisms of flow pattern transitions are carefully discussed based on the analysis of the forces. In addition, the variation of void fraction in both temporal and spatial dimensions is discussed in detail. By introducing the drift flux analysis, new correlations of distribution parameter and drift velocity are proposed taking both HCTs structure and flow condition into account.

Objective:The present study aims to evaluate the relationship of thyroid function during the first trimester of pregnancy with lipid levels and pregnancy outcomes.Methods:Women who delivered babies at the Shanghai General Hospital between March 2019 and December 2019 with a known pregnancy outcome and complete data were included in the present study (n = 1779). A retrospective cohort study of all subjects with available first-trimester thyroid function testing and lipid levels data was conducted, and the relationship of thyroid function with lipid levels and pregnancy outcomes was evaluated. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software for statistical correlation.Results:The proportion of caesarean sections was higher in women with hypothyroxinemia (HIA) and hypothyroidism than in women with euthyroidism. Hypothyroidism was shown to be related with polyhydramnios, preterm labor and hypertriglyceridemia. HIA was correlated with increased rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. Compared with the euthyroidism group, the hypothyroidism group had a higher apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) level and apolipoprotein B level; the subclinical hypothyroidism group had a higher total cholesterol (TC) level and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level; the HIA group had higher triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lower TC, Apo A1 levels. TC levels were positively correlated with the thyroid-stimulating hormone level and negatively correlated with free thyroxine (FT4) level, and free triiodothyronine and FT4 levels were positively correlated with GDM occurrence.Conclusion:Thyroid function in early pregnancy is associated with dyslipidemia and pregnancy outcomes; conventional screening of thyroid diseases in early pregnancy may help improve lipid levels and decrease adverse pregnancy outcomes.

1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gynecology Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, People’s Republic of China

目的:探讨妊娠晚期甲状腺功能对血脂代谢及母儿预后的影响.方法:回顾性评估2019年3月至2019年12月在上海市第一人民医院分娩并具有完整产检数据的1614例产妇.收集研究对象孕晚期的甲状腺功能、血脂水平及母儿预后,用SPSS软件分析甲状腺功能对血脂代谢及母儿预后的影响.结果:27.3％的孕妇甲状腺功能异常.与对照组相比,甲状腺功能不足使甘油三酯(TG)水平升高,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进症使总胆固醇(TC)水平降低.促甲状腺激素(TSH)与TG和TC水平呈正相关,游离甲状腺素(FT4)与TG和TC水平呈负相关,游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸与TC呈负相关.孕晚期高TG水平与妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压疾病、子痫前期、早产和剖宫产的风险增加独立相关,TC水平与早产风险增加呈正相关.结论:妊娠晚期甲状腺功能影响血脂代谢,从而影响妊娠结局.孕期应常规定期筛查甲状腺功能,从控制甲状腺功能的角度改善血脂,以改善妊娠结局.

BACKGROUND Preterm birth accounts for about 12% of all pregnancies worldwide and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In order to avoid premature birth and prolong gestational age, tocolytics are the first and the best choice. Ritodrine is the most commonly used tocolytic medication. However, side effects such as pulmonary edema, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia are known. Here we report a rare but serious side effect–toxic epidermal necrolysis（TEN）–caused by ritodrine.CASE SUMMARY A woman（31 years, gravida 4, para 2） was hospitalized because of premature contractions at 27 + 6 wk of gestation. A skin rash with pruritus appeared at 32 + 3 wk of gestation after administration of ritodrine, indomethacin, and dexamethasone, and it spread throughout the whole body in 3 d, particularly the four limbs. After 11 d’ treatment, she was diagnosed with TEN. An emergency cesarean section was performed immediately to deliver the baby and intensive symptomatic treatment was promptly commenced after delivery. She recovered from the severe condition without any sequelae except for slight pigmentation after symptomatic treatment.CONCLUSION When a skin rash appears during the administration of ritodrine, we are supposed to consider the risk of TEN.

Helically coiled tube (HCT) is widely used in nuclear engineering and other fields due to its effective compactness, excellent structure robustness, heat transfer efficiency and flow stability. As one of the most important gasliquid twophase flow patterns in HCT, the characteristic of annular flow has a great influence on the heat transfer performance of helical oncethrough steam generator. Especially, the circumferential distribution of liquid film thickness in annular flow directly determines the dryout onset location. Although the liquid film flow in straight tubes has been extensively studied, due to the limitation of measurement technology, the precise measurement data of liquid film thickness in HCT are still very rare. In this paper, based on the selfdeveloped noninvasive contact ringisland array sensor (RIAS), airwater twophase flow experiments were carried out to study the threedimensional spatialtemporal distribution of liquid film thickness in vertical HCT with different structures. According to the results, four typical liquid film flow regimes were defined based on the circumferential position of the thicker liquid film appearing in the tube wall. That is, the bottom distribution (BD) dominated by gravity force, the outside distribution (OD) dominated by liquid centrifugal force, the inside distribution (ID) dominated by gas centrifugal force and the insideoutside distribution (IOD) dominated by secondary flow. The effects of coil diameter and coil pitch of HCT as well as gas and liquid velocities on the distribution of liquid film flow regimes were detailed analyzed. It is implied that the coil diameter determines the intensity of centrifugal force and secondary flow. Generally, the smaller the coil diameter, the easier the circumferential distribution forms of OD, ID and IOD are to appear. Also, increasing the coil pitch weakens the effect of centrifugal force on the liquid film. Then a small coil pitch normally results in the circumferential distribution form of OD while it is ID for large coil pitch. It is also found that the IOD occurs only when both gas and liquid velocities are large enough. By taking the influence of HCT geometry and fluid parameters into account, a general submap of liquid film flow in HCT was proposed using the modified Dean number De* and the modified LockhartMartinelli parameter X*. The transition criteria between different liquid film flow regimes were also established and verified with experimental data in present work and previous references. From this work, the mechanism of curvatureinduced centrifugal force and secondary flow on the spatiotemporal evolution of liquid film in HCT is revealed.

Riboflavin is an essential micronutrient for humans and must be obtained exogenously from foods or supplements. Numerous studies have suggested a major role of riboflavin in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. There are mainly three strategies for riboflavin synthesis, including total chemical synthesis, chemical semi-synthesis, and microbial fermentation, the latter being currently the most promising strategy. In recent years, flavinogenic microbes have attracted increasing attention. Fungi, including Eremothecium ashbyii and Ashbya gossypii, and bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria, are ideal cell factories for riboflavin overproduction. Thus they are good candidates for enhancing the level of riboflavin in fermented foods or designing novel riboflavin bio-enriched foods with improved nutritional value and/or beneficial properties for human health. This review briefly describes the role of riboflavin in human health and the historical process of its industrial production, and then highlights riboflavin biosynthesis in bacteria and fungi, and finally summarizes the strategies for riboflavin overproduction based on both the optimization of fermentation conditions and the development of riboflavin-overproducing strains via chemical mutagenesis and metabolic engineering. Overall, this review provides an updated understanding of riboflavin biosynthesis and can promote the research and development of fermented food products rich in riboflavin.

Qingzhuan tea (QZT) with longer aging year is usually believed to have higher quality and commercial value. In this study, a 20 years sequence of aged QZT were subjected to an electronic tongue and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry to investigate the effect of storage age on its metabolic profile and taste quality. The changes in both taste quality and metabolic profile exhibited a parabolic trend in the 20 years of QZT aging and reached the maximum at the 10th year. A total of 47 compounds were identified as critical metabolites responsible for the age variation of QZT quality, with the methylation of catechins, glycosylation of flavonoids, degradation of flavoalkaloids, biosynthesis of triterpenoids, and formation of theabrownins. These results suggested that the taste of QZT was improved after 10 years of storage, with the reduction of bitterness and astringency and a general increase of key quality-related compounds.

The chemical profile and taste quality of various dark teas vary considerably due to the huge differences in tea cultivar, processing technology, and production region. Herein, we integrated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and electronic tongue to reveal variations in chemical profile and taste quality of five typical dark teas, namely Pu-erh tea (PET), Fuzhuan tea (FZT), Qingzhuan tea (QZT), Kangzhuan tea (KZT), and Liubao tea (LBT), and elucidate chemical basis for their taste quality. The chemical phenotypes of dark teas were classified into FZT, PET, and QZT-KZT-LBT, whereas their taste phenotypes were classified into FZT, PET-QZT, and KZT-LBT. Totally, 49 compounds were identified as differential metabolites, with higher contents of catechins and flavonoid glycosides in FZT, and higher contents of catechin derivatives, flavonoids, and alkaloids in PET. PET had the strongest bitterness and aftertaste-bitterness, while FZT showed the strongest astringency, aftertaste-astringency, and saltiness among five typical dark teas. The bitterness and aftertaste-bitterness of dark teas were negatively associated with polyphenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, but positively associated with theabrownins; their aftertaste-astringency was positively related to polyphenols and flavonoids, but negatively related to theabrownins. This study will guide dark tea taste quality control and lay a foundation for comparing their health benefits.

Objective: To evaluate serum protein calponin 2 (CNN2) as a candidate biomarker for tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP). Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Single University affiliated tertiary hospital. Patient(s): Serum samples were obtained from 84 patients with EP, 39 with viable intrauterine pregnancy (vIUP), and 42 with miscarriage. Moreover, 10 fallopian tube and corresponding villous tissue samples from patients with EP, 6 villous tissue samples from patients with vIUP, and 10 villous tissue samples from patients with miscarriage were collected. Intervention(s): Serum CNN2 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CNN2 expression in tissues was evaluated via immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Main Outcome Measure(s): The diagnostic performance of serum CNN2 to discriminate an EP from vIUP and miscarriage. Result(s): CNN2 was highly expressed in villous stromal cells isolated from patients with EP, and CNN2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression was upregulated in villous tissues from women with EP compared with that in women with vIUPs and miscarriages. Serum CNN2 concentration was higher in women with EP than that in women with vIUP and miscarriage. The serum CNN2 predicted EP from vIUP and miscarriage with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.931 (95% confidence interval: 0.889-0.975). For discriminating EP from miscarriage only, the AUC was 0.906 (95% confidence interval: 0.835-0.977). In contrast, the AUCs for serum human chorionic gonadotropin were 0.809 and 0.637, respectively. Conclusion(s): Our data highlight the possibility of serum CNN2 as a single biomarker for the diagnosis of EP. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR 1900020483 (Fertil Sterile 2021;116:1020-27. (c) 2021 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) El resumen esta disponible en Espanol al final del articulo.