古琴文化在我国有近3000年的传承历史,然而有关琴学史的研究却鲜有著述,琴学史也一直没有形成独立的、完整的、系统的学科体系.究其原因,很大程度上与琴学史料的缺失有直接关系.《中国历代方志所见琴学史料类编(西北卷)》将西北五省区散见于先秦至民国时期方志中有关琴学的文献史料分类梳理,填补了琴学原始史料乏缺的空白.本文以述评的方式,从文献学、文化学的角度,进一步分析和发掘该书的出版背景及其所具有的文献价值和文化意义.

家支世系是家族的传承谱系,也是一家一姓的成长史和生命史,对"收宗族,厚风俗,联族姓",承先启后,不忘本来,积淀家国情怀,具有重要意义.本文基于考据学、文献学和田野调查法,对明朝洪武年间兰州陈官营陈超后裔陈家沟陈氏家支世系做了详细的考证,得出自始祖陈超到达兰州陈官营后,其后代一支去北山,一支去河州.去北山的即是陈友信和陈廷宝一支,继而合理推衍到当今的第24代,诠释了一个完整的家族世系演变图,这对完善陈家沟陈氏谱系具有重要的参考价值.

出版合同纠纷是出版者与著作权人因履行出版合同而发生的纠纷.签订出版合同是图书出版工作的一个重要环节,但实践中因对其重要性认识不足,缺乏风险防范意识与防范手段,出版合同纠纷屡见不鲜,给合同双方带来困扰与损失.本文就出版合同纠纷的特征、合同双方当事人的权利义务界定、几种行为的认定、避免出版合同纠纷应注意的事项作分析探讨,以期正确认识出版合同纠纷,最大限度地避免纠纷的发生.

目前我国科学手稿的影印出版数量屈指可数、质量参差不齐,这在很大程度上与编辑的编辑力不足有关.文章在界定科学手稿和编辑力概念的基础上,结合影印出版中常见的突出问题,运用实证研究的方法就科学手稿影印出版中如何全方位加强编辑力建设、进而实现手稿的高质量出版进行分析并提出对策.

慢性髓系白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)是临床常见的恶性骨髓增殖性疾病.研究[1]报道,慢性髓系白血病的发病机制主要与Ph染色体以及BCR ABL融合基因的出现有关.根据患者的临床表现,目前可以将CML的病程分为慢性期、加速期以及急变期.通常患者的急性变是造成死亡的重要原因之一[2].急变期患者骨髓内大量的原始幼稚细胞增生,还可见到大量Ph染色体以外的核型异常,进一步造成慢性髓系白血病患者的细胞分化程度受限,细胞的增殖及抗凋亡能力显著升高.疾病一旦发展到急变期,对患者采取化疗、放疗以及常规靶向治疗的效果均较差.所以,在临床治疗中,通过对患者的急变期分子机制的研究,进而对治疗方案不断优化,对改善患者的预后有积极意义.本文概述老年CML急变期的分子机制、基因机制及酪氨酸激酶抑制剂伊马替尼耐药的研究进展,为临床治疗提供科学依据.

从加强校对队伍建设的必要性入手,分析校对队伍建设中存在的问题,试图探讨打造合格的校对队伍的措施与方法.

Erosion rates and processes define how mountainous landscapes evolve. This study determines the range of erosion rates in a semi-arid landscape over decadal time spans and defines the dominant processes controlling variability in erosion rates. The varying topography and climatic regimes of the Xiying Basin (Qilian Shan Mountains, China) enables us to examine the relative roles of sheet wash versus rainsplash and the influence of vegetation on soil erosion and deposition. Soil erosion rates since 1954 were determined using Cs-137 along 21 transects at four sites with varying gradient, rainfall, and vegetation cover. The mean Cs-137 derived soil erosion rate similar to 0.42mm/a was consistent with the catchment level erosion rate derived from total sediment yield for a 44year record. However, there is considerable variability in Cs-137 erosion rates both between transects and along transects, perhaps reflecting variation not only in the effectiveness of individual processes but also in their relative roles. We compare the Cs-137-derived erosion rates with 1-D models for sediment flux that incorporate sheet wash and rainsplash processes, testing them over a previously untested 60year timescale. The variability in Cs-137 erosion rates along transects is best replicated by sheet wash dominated simulations, suggesting that this is the dominant erosion process in this semi-arid landscape. The functional form of the sheetwash model can also explain our observations that Cs-137 erosion rates decrease with upslope length (i.e. distance down slope) while its variability increases. However, sparsely vegetated sites, located in slightly drier locations, have higher erosion rates, and are not as accurately modeled as densely vegetated sites, suggesting that patchiness of vegetation introduces fine scale variability in erosion rates on these slopes. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Temperate glaciers are more sensitive to climate change than are polar or continental glaciers, and can drive remarkable runoff variation in local water catchments. Changes in the glacier area and surface elevation of the three monsoonal temperate glaciers in the Gongga Mountains, China, were analyzed using series of remote sensing images and digital elevation model (DEM) data. All possible sources of uncertainty were considered in detail. The results showed that the total glacier area decreased by 4.3 km(2) (6.7%) between 1966 and 2010. A comparison of glacier surface elevations using DEMs derived from dual-frequency differential GPS (DGPS) surveys in 2010, and from 1966 to 1989 from topographic maps. The three glaciers underwent significant mass loss from 1966 to 2010 and the mean surface elevation changes were -0.90 +/- 0.45 m/y, -1.06 +/- 0.45 m/y, and -1.12 +/- 0.45 m/y for Hailuogou (HLG), Dagongba (DGB) and Yanzigou (YZG) Glaciers, respectively, from 1966 to 2010. Analysis of the meteorological data showed that the mean annual air temperature increase was the main reason for the thinning and volume loss. Thinning of the glacier tongue and volume loss was more intense in the period 1989-2010 than in 1966-89. Debris thickness and other factors are also believed to play important roles in differential thinning among different areas and periods. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

In the eastern Qilian Shan, a flight of fluvial terraces developed along the Jinta River valley are deformed across the Nanying anticline. Four individual fluvial terraces are preserved at different elevations above the river, and higher terrace treads are draped by systematically thicker aeolian loess. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of deposits at the base of the loess provides constraints on the timing of surface abandonment; terraces were abandoned at 69 +/- 4 ka B.P. (T4), 57 +/- 4 ka B.P. (T3), and between 34 +/- 3 ka B.P. (T2), respectively. Differential GPS measurement of the terrace profile across the anticline allows reconstruction of subsurface fault geometry; we model terrace deformation above a listric thrust fault with a tip line at 2.2 +/- 0.1 km depth and whose dip shallows systematically to 23 +/- 3 degrees at depth of 5.8 +/- 1.1 km. Combining terrace ages with this model of fault geometry, we estimate a shortening rate of 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm/a across the Nanying fold and a shortening rate of similar to 0.1 mm/a across the mountain front fault since similar to 70 ka B.P. This rate suggests that the frontal fault system along the eastern Qilian Shan accomplishes crustal shortening at rates of approximately 0.9 +/- 0.3 mm/a during late Pleistocene time.

Cosmogenic nuclide (CN) apparent exposure dating has become a widely used method for determining the age of glacial landforms on the Tibetan Plateau with > 1200 published ages. We present the first 10 Be exposure ages from the Dalijia Shan, the most northeastern formerly glaciated mountain range on the Tibetan Plateau. The moraine groups identified from field and remote sensing imagery mapping record four glacial events at 37.07 ± 3.70 to 52.96 ± 4.70 ka (MIS 3), 20.17 ± 1.79 to 26.99 ± 2.47 ka (MIS 2), 16.92 ± 1.49 to 18.76 ± 1.88 ka (MIS 2), and 11.56 ± 1.03 to 11.89 ± 1.06 ka (Younger Dryas). These ages indicate that glaciation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is much younger than previously thought. In addition, this record is consistent with many other regions on the Tibetan Plateau, with a local last glacial maximum during MIS 3 asynchronous with Northern Hemisphere last glacial maximum during MIS 2. The Dalijia Shan might also include an event of Younger Dryas age, but this needs to be tested in future studies.

Global warming is causing widespread glacier retreat, with small glaciers disappearing. We investigate changes in glaciers over the western Lenglongling mountains, located in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Glacier extent over the western Lenglongling mountains is estimated by comparing digitized glacier outlines obtained from aerial photographs and satellite imagery. These results suggest that all 179 glaciers in the western Lenglongling mountains shrunk between 1972 and 2007. The total area loss was similar to 24.4 km(2), accounting for similar to 28.3% (0.81% a(-1)) of the glacierized area in 1972. The average area retreat rates differ over different time intervals: they are approximately 0.68, 0.90, 0.77 and 0.56 km(2) a(-1) over the periods 1972-95, 1995-99, 1999-2002 and 2002-07, respectively. Based on analysis of meteorological data, glacier shrinkage in the study area can probably be attributed to the increase in air temperature. Furthermore, the smaller glaciers display a higher shrinkage rate than larger glaciers, and glaciers on southwest-facing slopes appear to retreat faster than those on northeast-facing slopes.

The Gongga Mountain is the largest area of modern glaciation in the Hengduan Mountains and,with a summit elevation of 7556 m,is the highest mountain on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.During the Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles the Gongga Mountain was extensively and repeatedly glaciated,and glacial landforms and outwash deposits from multiple glaciations are well-preserved in valleys,in basins,and on piedmonts.To constrain the glacial chronology of the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain,sample sites were selected based on the distribution and weathering of glacial tills,relationships among glacial deposits,and soil development on moraines.Dating of the tills and glaciofluvial deposits was undertaken with electron spin resonance（ESR） and optically stimulated luminescence（OSL）.The ages of the glacial deposits can be divided into four clusters:2.2±0.5,11.9±0.6,35.9±2.7-58.0±6.3 and 119.2±15.9-194.2±32.8 ka.Five glacial advances in this region have been identified,which are equivalent in age to the Little Ice Age（LIA）,Neoglaciation,marine oxygen isotope stage（MIS） 2,mid-MIS3,and MIS6.The largest local last glacial maximum（LGML） occurred on Gongga Mountain during mid-MIS3,characterized by a cold-humid climate,rather than the global Last Glacial Maximum（LGMG） of MIS2.The Gongga,Nanmenguangou（NMGG） and Yajiageng Glaciations occurred during the late part of the last glacial cycle,the middle of the last glacial cycle and the penultimate glacial cycle,respectively.On the basis of geomorphological,sedimentological,and compositional characteristics,landforms of the Moxi Platform and terraces can be grouped by facies and geochronology.In combination with the dating results,this analysis indicates the basal part of the Moxi Platform between Xinxin and the Moxi Hotel is correlative with the till of the Nanguanmen Glaciation（mid-MIS3）.This basal unit has occasional lenses of glaciofluvial sandy gravel and lacustrine sediments.The remainder of the Moxi Platform and the terraces beside the platform are glaciofluvial deposits occasionally mixed with debris flow deposits and range in age from MIS3 to Holocene.

Traditional research methods in modern glacier changes mainly based on field observations and empirical formula to calculate changes in glacier area,volume and surface velocity,however,since 1980s,with the new technologies of aerial remote sensing images,digital elevation model,radar,etc.developed,the studies of nature and characteristic of glaciers and detection of dynamic changes in glacier have not only become the important trends of glacier research by means of remote sensing method,but also greatly resolved the problems such as limited information in high mountain areas.The computer-based automatic interpretation methods in the study of glacier area change including threshold and NDSI(Normalized Difference Snow Index),supervised classification and non-supervised classification,threshold value of band ratio,etc.Although the operating of threshold and NDSI are simple,they are difficult to select the suitable threshold on such issues;Non-supervised classification method is simple but more constraints.With the accurate selection of training area,the result of supervised classification method is more accurate.The threshold value of band ratio method is the most widely used computer automatic classification because of its simple operation and accurate result.The application of Digital Elevation Model and radar data in the study of glacier volume change preferably improves the accuracy and applicability of traditional methods.And that radar data will not be affected by atmospheric propagation and climate change compensated for the weak script of remote sensing images data which is easily influenced by snow and clouds.With the development and application of high precipitation GPS and radar data,it plays an irreplaceable role in surface velocity studies.

网络化时代的到来,各种图书电子版在网络上传播兴起,电脑阅读逐渐填充了纸质化阅读。2005年以来,随着MP4和PSP的普及,阅读书籍出现了另一种模式,即将网络上提供txt等格式的图书装进随身移动设备里,通过MP4和PSP等终端设备进行阅读。简单易行的方式得到了广大受众特别是青年群体的青睐。但是随着人们对阅读质量的要求不断提高,普通移动存储设备阅读方式已经难以满足挑剔的阅读者的要求,在这种情况下,传统出版业面临一定的危机。

随着改革开放的到来,市场化经济的发展,全国各个领域都在进行一场大的市场化模式转变,出版行业也是如此.如今,我国的出版行业基本已实现转制,出版社也加入了市场经济的大潮中,大学出版社的改制也必然带来商业模式的创新.本文将以出版社的制度改革为切入点,从相关方面探讨市场机制下商业模式的创新.

Data and methods were summarized,which are used in glacier change investigation and monitoring of glaciers with remote sensing.It was concluded that Landsat images of high resolution and long-scale sequence are suitable for research on large area and long-cycle glacier changes.The ASTER images play a important role in the glacier change research in recent years.Meter-scale resolution image data can be applied to glacier change research on small areas which needs high precision.The boundary extraction generally use the ratio-threshold method,as well as some other ways.The rate of glacier retreating is different in the world; for example,it is the fastest in New Guinea and Africa,which reveals that small glaciers in low latitude are more sensitive to climate changes and glaciers in the Scandinavian peninsula and the polar regions are large and has undergone few changes.

多年生草本,高15～20 cm,干时稍变黑.根茎细长鞭状,须根丛生于根茎周围.茎直立,不分枝,被短柔毛,尤以上部为密.叶互生,近基部较密,上部渐疏;基生者有短柄,上部者无柄而多少抱茎;叶干后,上面黑色,背面绿色.