On-board flywheel energy storage device has attracted widespread attention due to its high efficiency and pollution-free advantages. The motor is the core component of the energy conversion of the flywheel energy storage device, and the size of its loss directly restricts the motor speed, which in turn affects the performance of the flywheel energy storage system. This paper gives the specific calculation formulas of iron loss and permanent magnet eddy current loss of permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor, and analyses the influence factors of the two types of losses. Based on the ascertainment of the influence laws of the motor structure parameters on the performance of the torque electromagnetic system and the performance of the loss system, the non-sensitive variables, single-system sensitive variables and double-system sensitive variables are classified and defined. The Taguchi method is further used to optimize the design of the rotor structure with sensitive parameters by performing torque and electromagnetic analysis on several key parameters of the motor rotor. Based on the optimal torque design, progressive torque-loss dual-system co-optimization is performed to obtain the optimal motor parameter configurations under the constraints of electric-magnetic-loss coupling in the final calculation.

The three-unit 8/4 bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM) effectively solves the coupling problem between the torque and suspension systems through the partition control of torque and suspension force. However, due to the inability of sudden changes in current during torque and suspension commutation, torque and suspension force ripples coexist in the motor. A coordinated suppression strategy based on online optimal angle sharing function is proposed to solve the commutation torque/suspension force ripples. While the sharing function suppresses ripples during commutation, the commutation interval of the torque and suspension systems can be adjusted online according to the speed changes to achieve better ripple suppression effect. By combining model predictive control, the current tracking algorithm has been improved, resulting in higher tracking accuracy during commutation periods. The simulation and experiments on the three-unit 8/4 BSRM are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness.

In order to improve the energy storage efficiency of vehicle-mounted flywheel and reduce the standby loss of flywheel, this paper proposes a minimum suspension loss control strategy for single-winding bearingless synchronous reluctance motor in the flywheel standby state, aiming at the large loss of traditional suspension control strategy. Based on the premise that the dynamic performance of rotor suspension is not affected, the minimum energy consumption of motor system is the current distribution optimization objective. The mathematical model of minimum energy consumption is derived and applied to the control system to realize the active allocation of optimal bias current and suspension current according to the requirements of suspension control. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can not only reduce the energy consumption and heat dissipation pressure of the system, but also improve the efficiency of the flywheel system, which has good engineering application value.

The operation envelope of distribution networks can obtain the independent p-q controllable range of each active node, providing an effective means to address the issues of different ownership and control objectives between distribution networks and distributed energy resources (DERs). Existing research mainly focuses on deterministic operation envelopes, neglecting the operational status of the system. To ensure the maximization of the envelope operation domain and the feasibility of decomposition, this paper proposes a modified hyperellipsoidal dynamic operation envelopes (MHDOEs) method for distribution networks based on adjustable “Degree of Squareness” hyperellipsoids. Firstly, an improved convex inner approximation method is applied to the non-convex and nonlinear model of traditional distribution networks to obtain a convex solution space strictly contained within the original feasible region of the system, ensuring the feasibility of flexible operation domain decomposition. Secondly, the embedding of the adjustable “Degree of Squareness” maximum hyperellipsoid is used to obtain the total p-q operation domain of the distribution network, facilitating the overall planning of the distribution network. Furthermore, the calculation of the maximum inscribed hyperrectangle of the hyperellipsoid is performed to achieve p-q decoupled operation among the active nodes of the distribution network. Subsequently, a correction coefficient is introduced to penalize “unknown states” during the operation domain calculation process, effectively enhancing the adaptability of the proposed method to complex stochastic scenarios. Finally, Monte Carlo methods are employed to construct various stochastic scenarios for the IEEE 33-node and IEEE 69-node systems, verifying the accuracy and decomposition feasibility of the obtained p-q operation domains.

The inductance of dual three-phase synchronous reluctance motor (DTP-SynRM) is not only an important factor affecting its torque and power factor, but also determines the quality of the motor. In order to solve the problem of poor control accuracy of DTP-SynRM in practical operation due to magnetic saturation, an improved equivalent excitation current method is proposed for the first time, which can more accurately characterize the influence of main magnetic circuit saturation and cross saturation on the inductance ($L_{\mathrm{d}},\ L_{\mathrm{q}}$) of D-axis and Q-axis. Firstly, the degree of magnetic saturation of $L_{\mathrm{d}}$ and $L_{\mathrm{q}}$ of the motor is analyzed by finite element method. Then, the influence of self-saturation and cross-saturation of main magnetic circuit on $L_{\mathrm{d}}$ and $L_{\mathrm{q}}$ was characterized by two kinds of equivalent excitation currents and saturation coefficients. Finally, a nonlinear simulation model considering magnetic saturation of DTP-SynRM field oriented control is built, and the hardware platform of the control system is designed. The correctness of the method is verified by simulation and experiment results.

In response to the limitations associated with conventional PID control strategies, which rely heavily on predetermined design parameters and struggle to provide precise, stable motor speed and current control, particularly in the presence of disturbances, we have developed a novel double closed-loop DC speed regulation system. This system incorporates a self-tuning PID mechanism based on the Grasshopper algorithm optimization neural network. To achieve this, we employed a Back-Propagation (BP) neural network to autonomously fine-tune the parameters of the PID control strategy. Subsequently, during the backpropagation phase of the neural network training, we harnessed the Grasshopper algorithm to optimize these parameters based on a fitness function, leading to the calculation of updated weighting coefficients. Following this iterative process, the output voltage was computed using the incremental PID formula, enabling precise motor control. Remarkably, this approach reduced overshoot by 30%, all without the need for preemptive control parameter adjustments. Moreover, the rise time experienced only a marginal increase of approximately 0.06 seconds. These advancements effectively address the limitations associated with traditional PID control strategies, expanding their utility beyond narrow operational ranges and enhancing performance in complex working conditions. The outcome is a speed regulation system characterized by significantly improved accuracy and robustness, ideally suited to meet the demanding requirements of engineering applications.

课程思政建设和新工科建设对电气工程学科人才培养目标、教学模式和教学方法提出了新的要求.文章以典型工科课程电力传动与控制为例,分析了地方高校电气工程及其自动化专业课程教学改革的必要性,以"电机强国"为价值引领,以培养电气驱动领域专业骨干人才为课程目标,提出针对教学目标、教案、教材、课程组织体系、课堂设计一体化的改革措施.

电机结构参数对电机性能的影响是"电机学"及"电机设计"等课程学习的重点和难点,求电机性能指标随电机结构参数变化而变化的关系曲线的过程称为参数化分析.探讨了参数化分析法作为辅助教学手段应用于"电机学"及"电机设计"等课程教学的内容与方法,这对于深入理解"电机学"及"电机设计"基本理论和基本方法,准确把握电机结构参数变化对电机性能的影响,以及设计和研究新型电机非常有利.

Dual three–phase synchronous reluctance motors (DTP–SynRM) have the advantages of simple structure, high power density, fast dynamic response, and small torque ripple, and have broad application prospects in flywheel batteries. However, the synchronous reluctance motor has no permanent magnet, and the inductance value will change with the current change in actual operation. Direct torque control (DTC) is more suitable for the control strategy of dual three–phase synchronous reluctance motors because of its low dependence on motor parameters. However, traditional direct torque control uses a large vector control motor within one control period, which can not suppress the inherent 5th and 7th current harmonics in the motor. A new harmonic suppression method is proposed in this paper: that is, using a low harmonic vector to replace a large vector in traditional direct torque control, which can be synthesized by adjusting the action time and order of three adjacent large vectors within one control period. Through this improvement, torque control can have a harmonic suppression effect. The three vector synthesis method can make full use of the existing space voltage vector, and to adapt to different working conditions, two synthesis methods of switching frequency reduction and constant torque response are proposed. An improved direct torque control strategy is obtained by optimizing the design of the switch table using a new vector synthesis method. Finally, the suppression effect of traditional DTC and improved DTC on current harmonics is compared and analyzed. The results show that the direct torque control with low harmonic vector can suppress the harmonic current in x–y subspace, and the current harmonic content is greatly reduced.

疫情期间,根据教育部提出的"停课不停学"要求,全国高校利用各类网络平台开展形式多样的在线学习.基于虚拟仿真实验教学资源的建设情况,文章提出"虚实结合"实验教学新模式,讨论了以虚拟仿真实验教学资源作为线上课程、"虚实结合"开展实验教学的思路及方法;介绍了江苏大学在疫情期间如何指导开展实验教学的案例,探讨该"虚实结合"实验教学模式的实际意义;在新常态下,能及时改变、积极应变,以期在教育信息化建设中更好地实现实践育人,为实验教学信息化改革提供参考.

碳中和政策下光伏储能得到了快速发展,而光伏储能参与黑启动具有光伏出力波动性和储能荷电状态随机性的问题,在此背景下提出了新的光储容量配置策略.首先,从被启动机组的辅机需求构建黑启动容量需求的内层模型,针对光储作为黑启动电源出力不稳定的问题,在黑启动电源侧配置备用储能.基于内层模型中的容量需求构建基于合作博弈的光储外层容量配置模型,并将光伏通过碳交易获得的收益纳入总收益中,以光储总体经济性最优为目标,利用天牛须搜索算法求解合作博弈下最优容量配置.最后,结合镇江地区的实际情况进行容量配置,仿真结果验证了所提方法可有效提高黑启动电源经济效益,其配置结果可使黑启动可行性与光储经济性之间达到最佳平衡.

文章设计了小型温室育苗环境远程监测与智能控制系统,利用传感器监测温室的环境,在温度适宜时,检测到含水量不足可进行浇水,以防止温度不适宜时浇水造成幼苗枯萎;在设定的时间内,当光照不足时可进行补光,以保证育苗所需的光照.利用TRIZ理论解决设计中的问题,使系统兼顾光照、温度和湿度,育苗温室使用该产品提高了出芽率和幼苗成活率,降低了劳动强度,产品小巧方便,可实时监控,方便非专业人员使用.

The strong coupling effect between the torque system and the suspension system of the single-winding bearingless switched reluctance motor (SWBSRM) would result in continuous interference to the system and bring difficulties to the design of the control system. Moreover, strong external disturbances will further reduce the stability of the control system. To improve the anti-disturbance ability and enhance the robustness of the control system of SWBSRM, a design method of the entire control system based on the second-order sliding mode (SOSM) controllers is proposed. The strongly coupled SWBSRM torque system and suspension system are linearised and decomposed through the feedback linearisation method to benefit the design of SOSM controllers. Then, combined with a super-spiral algorithm, the super-spiral sliding mode controllers in the outer loop for torque and suspension system are designed separately. The design of controllers considers the interference caused by the coupling effect and the influence of external disturbance. The range of gain, which can ensure the finite time convergence of the control system is determined through proof of stability. Simulation and experiment results show that the second-order sliding mode controllers have faster response speed and control precision when suppressing coupled interference and strong external disturbance.

A novel dual 6/3 Transverse Flux Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor is proposed to solve the coupling problem between torque and suspension of conventional Switched Reluctance Motor. The working principle is introduced in detail, the motor is modelled by ANSYS, and the accurate mathematical model of the suspension force is deduced and verified. The electromagnetic characteristics of the motor are simulated, and the torque characteristics, suspension characteristics and the coupling characteristics between them are verified. The simulation results show that the torque and suspension force can be stabilised by using the zoning control of torque and suspension force, and the decoupling between torque and suspension force is excellent.

针对传统的磁悬浮开关磁阻电机(Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor,BSRM)只能实现转子的两自由度悬浮的问题,设计了一种锥形无轴承开关磁阻电机(Conical Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor,CBSRM),使其能够实现电机转子在五自由度上的主动悬浮控制.对该电机机理、工作方式作了详细的研究,剖析出电机悬浮力的等效磁路并精确推导了其数学模型.利用ANSYS软件对该电机进行建模及仿真,分析了该电机的电磁特性,包括悬浮特性、转矩特性,以及他们之间相互的耦合.仿真结果表明该电机结构符合机理,能够实现电机五个自由度的主动悬浮控制,并在电机本体上减小了转矩与悬浮力之间的耦合.

为合理规划大停电后待恢复机组和负荷所在子区域,尽力减少停电对重要负荷造成的损失,本文提出了基于改进模拟退火算法的黑启动网架重构策略.首先对待恢复网架进行图抽象,建立含分布式电源的网架重构模型.然后应用Dijkstra算法对待启动机组和负荷进行初步划分.最后结合加权模拟退火算法,引入区域负荷启动系数对各区域间协同度进行优化.该方法一方面使待恢复节点与启动电源之间电气距离最短,使黑启动网络吞吐量最大化;另一方面优先保障重要负荷顺利启动,同时缩小各子区域平均等待时长,提高黑启动效率.以IEEE 39标准节点系统为算例,验证分析了该文方法的合理性和可行性.

A battery/superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) hybrid energy storage system (BSM-HESS) is designed for a power system. Meanwhile, a nonlinear feedback control (FLC) is adopted to achieve smooth and fast-tracking performance, and a rule-based strategy (RBS) is applied for power demand allocation. FLC can effectively compensate for the system’s nonlinearity to obtain the global consistent control performance; thus, it can properly solve the nonlinearity and modeling uncertainty of BSM-HESS. The effectiveness and advantages of FLC are evaluated via three cases, namely, heavy load condition, light load condition, and robustness with uncertain BSM-HESS parameters. Simulation results show that compared with proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control, FLC can achieve the best dynamic performance under various working conditions, which is beneficial for the system to quickly restore stable operation after large disturbance. In addition, the control cost of FLC is lower than that of PID control under both heavy load and light load conditions.

针对变压器各侧死区故障和断路器失灵故障问题,采集某变电站当地故障信息、保护动作状态信息和断路器位置信息,采用退电流互感器二次电流的改进逻辑方案实现变压器死区故障保护的逻辑原理,在现有220 kV变压器保护装置的硬件设备基础上,研制220 kV变压器死区故障保护装置,进行装置功能试验和动模试验,并接入电网试运行.该装置相应的控制逻辑在220 kV变压器保护装置内部实现,实施方案简单,成本低,易于实现.动模试验结果表明,在220 kV侧或110 kV侧发生死区故障或相应母线发生短路故障而断路器失灵时,以及空投变压器发生死区故障时,220 kV变压器死区故障保护装置切除变压器故障时间均在200 ms左右,现场试运行整组试验也验证了该结果.

为解决磁悬浮开关磁阻电机受到外部环境未知干扰、内部参数摄动等不确定因素带来的影响,提出一种基于自适应终端滑模控制器的直接瞬时转矩及直接悬浮力控制策略.首先,对电机的数学模型进行分析并建立状态方程,采用直接瞬时转矩控制与直接悬浮力控制方法,以减小系统脉动;其次,设计非奇异终端滑模面,避免常规终端滑模控制中的奇异问题,并引入自适应律,结合终端滑模控制器以抑制不确定因素的干扰,保证系统的快速收敛、强鲁棒性;最后,与传统滑模控制器方法进行对比,验证该方法的有效性.仿真结果表明,所提出方法能迅速精准跟踪控制系统的转速及位移,有效提升状态收敛速度,抗扰能力强,具有良好的动态性能.