基于当前烤烟生产所用复混肥中的磷多由磷酸一铵等提供的实际,通过田间试验探讨能否以重过磷酸钙部分或全部替代复混肥中的磷以降低生产成本,同时又能保障烤烟的正常生长发育和产量产值.结果表明,采用重钙部分或全部作为烟草专用复混肥中的磷素养分肥源以后,肥料成本明显降低;且在相同氮磷钾使用量的条件下,采用重钙优化复混肥组成(无论是重钙部分替代还是全部替代复混肥中的其它磷源)不仅对烤烟烟株的生长发育没有负面影响,且其初烤烟叶产量、产值相对更好,评吸质量更优;其中以重钙部分替代复混肥中的其他磷源效果更好;小区试验和同田对比均有一致的结果.建议烤烟生产中可以考虑使用重钙作为磷肥肥源以优化复混肥.

针对云南烟区特有地形地貌、土壤条件和烟苗移栽要求,设计开发一种步进式电动打塘移栽机,解决外来移栽机适应性差的问题.该机主要由车架、控制器、打塘机构、植苗机构、驱动机构等部件组成,具有电力驱动、步进式、打塘、植苗等功能.该机通过云南省农机鉴定站的产品质量监督检验鉴定;该机田间试验效果情况较好,有效度达到99.6%,表明该机是一种适合各种类型田地和土壤条件的、集打塘移栽于一体、减工降本显著的环保型移栽机,具有广阔的应用前景和现实意义.

针对生产需要,创造性研发小型电动烤烟移栽机,具有可变轮距式通用底盘,采用电力牵引和步进式的作业方式,实现移栽—打塘一体化作业模式,解决了国内外移栽机通病,先进、简单、轻巧、实用、高效.

按照精益生产的“准时生产”理念对楚雄子午育苗工场的苗盘清洗、消毒、装盘、播种、入池等生产环节进行精益化改造,将分散、割裂的环节整合起来,建立流水线作业流程,消灭了中间物料的库存浪费、搬运浪费和等待浪费.测算结果表明:准时生产通过调整各环节的生产节奏,使各环节的生产效率得到提高,实现了育苗生产用工量和用工成本的降低.

In order to find the best fit liquid nutrient depth for float seedling cultured in sand and reduce labor cost,different depth trials were conducted. The results showed that :1) the appropriate liquid depth was 1.5-2.5 cm from seeding to 4 true leaves stage,shallower liquid needed more frequent refilling,hence more labor cost,while deeper liquid caused sand leak and lower germination rate and seedling livability resulted; 2) sand body moisture should be alternated between dry and wet states every 4-8 days from the time when seedling germination rate reached 90% to 4 true leaves stage,the moisture content in dry sand body was 4% and in wet sand body was 20%; 3) maintaining oxygen content in sand body at about 5 mg/L would benefit to the aerobic respiration of root system and raised the rates of existence and vigorous seedling,and root volume. Otherwise,blue-green algae and diseases would outbreak seriously and deteriorated the existence rate of seedling.