Cerebral ischemic stroke is a common neuron loss disease that is caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain. In order to enhance the CIS outcome, both identifying the treatment target of ischemic brain damage in the acute phase and developing effective therapies are urgently needed. Scutellarin had been found to be beneficial to ischemic injuries and has been shown to have potent effects in clinical application on both stroke and myocardial infarction. However, whether scutellarin improves ischemic brain damage in the acute phase remains unknown. In this study, the protective effects of scutellarin on ischemic brain damage in the acute phase (within 12 h) were illustrated. In middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) modeling rats, the Z-Longa score was significantly down-regulated by 25% and 23.1%, and the brain infarct size was reduced by 26.95 ± 0.03% and 25.63 ± 0.02% when responding to high-dose and low-dose scutellarin treatments, respectively. H&E and TUNEL staining results indicated that the neuron loss of the ischemic region was improved under scutellarin treatment. In order to investigate the mechanism of scutellarin’s effects on ischemic brain damage in the acute phase, changes in proteins and metabolites were analyzed. The suppression of scutellarin on the glutamate-inducing excitatory amino acid toxicity was strongly indicated in the study of both proteomics and metabolomics. A molecular docking experiment presented strong interactions between scutellarin and glutamate receptors, which score much higher than those of memantine. Further, by performing a parallel reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (PRM-MS) study on both the cortex and hippocampus tissue of the ischemic region, we screened the scutellarin-regulating molecules that are involved in both the release and transportation of neurotransmitters. It was found that the aberrant levels of glutamate receptors, including EAAT2, GRIN1, GRIN2B, and GRM1, as well as of other glutamatergic pathway-involving proteins, including CAMKK2, PSD95, and nNOS, were significantly regulated in the ischemic cortex. In the hippocampus, EAAT2, GRIN1, nNOS, and CAM were significantly regulated. Taken together, scutellarin exerts potent effects on ischemic brain damage in the acute phase by regulating the activity of neurotransmitters and reducing the toxicity of excitatory amino acids in in neurons.

Erigeron breviscapus injection is widely used in clinical treatment of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease. More than 80 chemical components have been identified from Erigeron breviscapus herb. However, chemical components of Erigeron breviscapus injection remain unclear. In this study, a rapid qualitative method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/electrostatic field Orbitrap combined high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) coupled with molecular network was established for identification of Erigeron breviscapus injection. UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm×1.7 μm) was employed and the gradient elution was carried out with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns, GNPS molecular network was established based on LTQ-Orbitrap MS data, which was collected in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Molecules with similar structure were screened and clustered with Cytoscape 3.6.1 software. Components in Erigeron breviscapus injection were further identified based on information of retention time, molecular weight, and MSn multistage fragmentations. The result of GNPS molecular network displayed two major component communities of caffeinyl ester derivatives and flavonoids. Component community of caffeinyl ester derivatives was established based on seed nodes of chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, and erigoster B. Component community of flavonoids was established based on seed nodes of scutellarein and scutellarin. Eighty-four components, including mono-caffeoyl esters, di-caffeoyl esters, tri-caffeoyl esters and flavonoids, were identified in the major component communities of Erigeron breviscapus injection, of which 49 were identified in Erigeron breviscapus injection production for the first time. This study provides reference for quality control and pharmacodynamics research of Erigeron breviscapus injection.

The purpose of this study was to understand the pharmacodynamic effect of Valeriana jatamansi extract in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) rat model induced by maternal separation combined with three kinds of stress, and observe the changes of endogenous metabolites in feces after intervention to find potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways. The animal model of IBS-D was established by maternal separation combined with restraint, ice swimming and tail clamping. The therapeutic effect of each dose group of V. jatamansi extract was evaluated in terms of abdominal withdrawal reflex pressure threshold, fecal water content and immobility time of forced swimming test. In addition, rat feces were collected for detection of metabolic profiles of small molecular metabolites with UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS platform, so as to find the biomarkers of differential metabolism with multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogon partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA). The results showed that as compared with the normal group, the threshold of abdominal withdrawal reflex pressure was decreased, the fecal water content was increased, and the immobility time of forced swimming test was prolonged in the model group. The results of fecal metabonomics showed that the levels of 39 metabolites were down-regulated and those of 37 metabolites were up-re-gulated. Further analysis showed that these metabolites were related to bile acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, ceramide metabolism and other metabolic pathways. This study proved that the extract of V. jatamansi had definite pharmacodynamic effect on IBS-D model rats, and the mechanism was discussed from the perspective of fecal metabonomics.

目的:评价中医药文化进中小学实施效果,以北京市中小学为例.方法:基于“知信行”模式,自行设计调查问卷,采取分层整群抽样方法,分别抽取石景山区中医药创新人才培养项目校和非项目校各5所学校的学生进行问卷调查.结果:项目校学生在中医药知识、态度和行为的得分均显著高于非项目校(P＜0.01);学生在中医药知识、态度和行为的得分两两均呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论:中医药文化进中小学效果显著.学生愿意学习中医药文化知识,体验式实践活动更能激发学习兴趣,有助于健康行为方式的养成,符合“知信行”模式.

Objective:To explore the fragmentation pathways of 11-ethoxyviburtinal,11-methoxyviburtinal,desacylbaldrinal and baldrinal by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.Methods:Four reference standards were systematically investigated by ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with linear ion trap electrostatic field orbit trap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS).UPLC analysis was performed on a BEH-C18 column (1.7 μm,2.1 mm × 100 mm),with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1％ formic acid(A)-acetonitrile (B)at the flow rate of 0.3 mL· min-1 (0-20 min,85％A → 50％A;20-25 min,50％A → 20％A;25-30 min,20％A).The detection wavelength was 288 nm and the column temperature was controlled at 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 2 μL.Results:The fragment ions of m/z 177,m/z 149 and m/z 78 were found in four baldrinals in positive ion mode,while the fragment ions m/z 161,m/z 133 and m/z 105 were found in 11-ethoxyviburtinal and 11-methoxyviburtinal and m/z 131 and m/z 103 were found in desacylbaldrinal and baldrinal.Conclusion:This kind of compound has strong fragmentation regularity,which can be used for the rapid structure identification of baldrinals.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a rat model of diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by neonatal maternal separation combined with three kinds of stress. Methods: 2 days old male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group and model group, 12 rats in each group. The new born 2d model rats daily have a neonatal maternal separation of 3h, for 20d, followed by normal feeding to 49d. In these days, these rats were given bound, ice water and tail clamp stress methods, three days for a cycle, until ninetieth days. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score, open-field test score, rat fecal Bristol classification score, and HE staining of colon sections will be determined. Results: Compared with the blank control group after the end of stress, the AWR reflex score of the model group increased significantly (P<0.05). In the open field test, the horizontal movement score and vertical movement score of model group were significantly decreased when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The fecal score Bristol classification of rats in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the HE staining of colonic mucosa of the two groups. Conclusion: The model of IBS-D rats was established by neonatal maternal separation combined with three kinds of stress, which can partly mimic the symptoms of IBS-D including diarrhea, visceral hypersensitivity and depression, indicating that the model is successful.

Objective To investigate the effect of baldrinal on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) induced by chronic-acute stress and its influences on the protein expressions of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and relevant receptors of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,high-dose baldrinal group (0.6 mg/kg),mid-dose baldrinal group (0.3 mg/kg),low-dose baldrinal group (0.15 mg/kg) and pinaverium group (25 mg/kg).The rat model of IBS was established by using chronic-acute stress combined with independent feeding for observing the influence of baldrinal on the scores of abdominal withdraw reflection (AWR).The content of colonic 5-HIAA was detected by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),and influences of baldrinal on protein expressions of colonic 5-HT1 A,5-HT3A and 5-HTR4 were detected by using Western blotting.Results Thc scores of AWR content of colonic 5-HIAA were decreased in high-dose baldrinal group,middose baldrinal group and low-dose baldrinal group compared with model group (P ＜ 0.05).The protein expressions of colonic 5-HT1A,5-HT3A and 5-HTR4 were regulated in high-dose baldrinal group,middose baldrinal group and low-dose baldrinal group.Conclusion Baldrinal has significant inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal hyperfunction in rat model of IBS and reduce viscera sensitivity,which indicates that baldrinal can relieve IBS symptoms.The effective mechanism may be related to the regulation effect of baldrinal on 5-HIAA contents and protein expressions of relevant receptors of 5-HT.

Although the rhizomes of Rheum nobile Hook. f. et Thoms (Polygonaceae) are widely used in Tibetan medicine, no previous investigations regarding the biological activities and rarely chemical constituents of this plant have been reported. As part of an ongoing search for novel bioactive agents, a phytochemical investigation of R. nobile led to the isolation of two new compounds Rheumone B (1) and piceatannol-4-O--D-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside (2), together with 15 known compounds by gel filtration over Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by combined spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated for their ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydzyl (DPPH) radical and compounds 7-10 showed relatively strong scavenging abilities with IC50 values from 2.76M to 11.80M. In conclusion, naphthalene glycosides, stilbene glycosides, flavanols, especially anthraquinones are main chemical constituents of this plant. The ability to scavenge DPPH radical of compound 8 was the highest among compounds 1-10. [GRAPHICS]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of baldrinal of Valeriana jatamansi on the expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) mRNA and levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in colon of rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and to explain its therapeutic mechanism on IBS through 5-HT pathway. Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: blank group, model group, baldrinal high, medium and low dose groups, and pinaverium bromide group, n=9 in each group. The IBS rat models were established by using unpredictable chronic stress for 3 weeks followed by 1-hour acute restraint stress (CAS) after 7 days of rest and independent feeding. CRF expression was detected by IHC-P; TPH1 mRNA expression was detected by using RT-PCR and the 5-HT level was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results indicated that the method of chronic stress with acute restrain stress method and independent feeding could lead to the increase in expressions of CRF and TPH1 mRNA and levels of 5-HT in IBS rats(P<0.05). The expressions of CRF, TPH1 mRNA and 5-HT in baldrinal groups were significantly lower than those in model group(P<0.05). The experimental results showed that IBS could result in increase in the expressions of CRF, TPH1 mRNA and levels of 5-HT, and the baldrinal of V. jatamansi could improve the symptoms of IBS by reducing the expressions of CRF, TPH1 mRNA and levels of 5-HT in colon of rats.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Valeriana jatamansi Jones .Methods The chemical compositions were separated and purified by macroporous resin AB‐8 ,silica gels ,and sephadex LH‐20 .NMR spectral analysis was used to identify the constituents .Results Seven compounds were isolated and identified as 8‐acetoxyl‐patchouli alcohol(1) ,8‐hydroxyl‐pathouli alcohol(2) ,jatamanin A(3) ,11‐ethoxyviburtinal(4) ,baldrinal(5) ,11‐methoxyviburtinal(6) ,and deacylbaldrinal(7) .Conclu‐sion Compounds 2 was separated from V aleriana j atamansi Jones for the first time .

Objective To explore the method to control the quality of Rheum nobile. , a widely used Tibet-an herbal medicine. Methods The herb powder of ten batches of Rheum nobile was identified by thin layer chromatography ( TLC) with piceatannol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside as the reference substance, and the moisture content, total ash and acid-insoluble ash were detected in accordance with Appendix IX of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition. The contents of piceatannol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and res-veratrol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were determined by using HPLC. Results The spots of piceatannol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of ten batches of Rheum nobile were clear and well separated. The range of moisture content was from 7 . 46% to 9 . 14%, and that of total ash was 2 . 72% to 8 . 75%, and that of acid-insoluble ash 0 . 50% to 2 . 51%. The content of piceatannol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside was showed a good linear relationship at the range of 1 . 768 to 70 . 720 mg/L ( r=0 . 999 8 ) and the recovery rate was 101. 11% ( RSD =0. 89%), by parallel, that of resveratrol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside was showed a good linear relationship at the range from 0 . 416 to 16 . 640 mg/L ( r=0 . 999 6 ) and the recovery rate was 99. 68% (RSD=2. 54%). Conclusion The methods of TLC and HPLC are simple, accurate and re-peatable, which could be the option of the quality control of Rheum nobile.

为了解北京市中学生的生命健康观现状,以及对中医药文化的认知度和需求,为构建中医药文化进校园的校本课程体系提供参考及依据,本课题组以《中医健康生命文化调查问卷》为研究工具,采用随机抽样、整群抽样的方法,对北京市10所中学学生进行了网上问卷调查,共获有效问卷2 270份.研究结果表明,北京市中学生对生命的认识较为模糊,对中医药文化兴趣高但认知度不足,缺乏可靠的了解渠道.普及中医药文化,进行生命观、健康观教育,已经成了迫切需求.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for content determination of total iridoid compounds and baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal from Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix; To determine the contents of total iridoid compounds and baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal in Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix from three medicinal origins.Methods UV spectrophotometry was applied, 11-ethoxyviburtinal (cyclopentane-pyran-7-formaldehyde, 4-ethoxy methyl) was set as the reference substance, and the content of total iridoid compounds was determined at 288 nm. HPLC method was used to simultaneously determine the contents of baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal. The HPLC analysis was performed on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile-water in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.95 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 288 nm and the column temperature was 30℃.Results The total iridoid compounds, baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal were in good linearity within the ranges of 2.088–14.616μg/μL, 74.88–224.64μg, and 41.6–249.6μg, respectively. This method was precise, and with good repeatability, stability and recovery rate.Conclusion The method is accurate, simple, rapid, which can be used for the quality control of Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix.

Objective To investigate the effects of 11-ethoxyviburtinal of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on the expression of enterochromaffin cells ( EC) and mast cells ( MC) in rats with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) . Methods The IBS rat model was induced by chronic unpredictable stress with isolation. Male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups:control group,model group, pinaverium group at the dose of 25 mg/kg,and high-, mid-and low-dose of 11-ethoxyviburtinal group at dose of 1. 2, 0. 6, and 0. 3 mg/kg respectively. The number of 5-HT positive immunoreactive colonic EC was detected by the method of immunohistochemistry and that of colonic MC was measured with toluidine blue staining. Results Compared with control group, the number of 5-HT positive immunoreactive colonic EC and MC increased significantly in model group ( P <0 . 05 ) . The high dose of 11-ethoxyviburtinal could significantly de-crease the number of colonic EC and MC ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion The 11-ethoxyviburtinal of Valeri-ana jatamansi Jones could significantly reduce the number of 5-HT positive immunoreactive 5-HT positive immunoreactive EC and MC in colon tissue of rats with IBS.

Objective:To investigate the chemical constituents of the Rheum Tataricum and evaluate some of the compounds for cytotoxic activity against Hela cell.Methods:Silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 column,chromatography High Performance Liquid Chro-matography methods were used to do isolation.The structures of isolates were confirmed by spectral (LC/MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR, 2DNMR,thin-layer chromatograph) analysis and by comparison with the literature reports;Cytotoxic activities were determined by the SRB method.Results:Eleven compounds were gained and they were chrysophanol (1),emodin(2),Physcion (3),Aloe-emo-din (4),Rheosmin (5),1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone (6), Sitosterol (7), Daucosterol (8),emodin8-O-β(6’-O-acety)gluco-pyranoside (9),physcion1-O-β(6’-O-acety) glucopyranoside (10),chrysophanol1-O-β(6’-O-acety) glucopyranoside (11); six compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities,five of them showed cytotoxic activity against Hela cell,and they were Aloe-emod-in,1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone,emodin8-O-β(6’-O-acety) glucopyranoside,physcion1-O-β(6’-O-acety) glucopyranoside,chry-sophanol1-O-β(6’-O-acety) glucopyranoside,rheosmin has no activity.Conclusion:Eight ( compound 4-11) of them are isolated from Rheum nobile for the first time;five of the compounds show cytotoxic activities,compound5,6,9,10,11are evaluated for cyto-toxic activities against Hela cell for the first time.

从梳理古今中外生命健康教育内容及形式入手,提出立足于本民族的传统文化精髓,从中医文化中蕴含的生命观、健康观、养生观及整体观的核心思想中,挖掘适合中国国情和本土文化的生命健康教育素材,有助于中医文化中的生命健康教育内容在青少年中进行普及.深入开展青少年生命健康教育,帮助青少年树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观,教育青少年热爱生命、健康生活、身心和谐发展,对当今提倡的大力弘扬中华优秀传统文化有着重要的现实意义.

Qumazi is a commonly used Tibetan medicine. With a long history, it can be found in the Four Medical Tantras written by gYu-thog rNying-ma Yon-tan mGon-po since the 8th century AD. Qumazi grows in mudflats and fields, including species growing in highlands, lowlands, mountains and farmlands. According to records in Crystal Beads Materia Medica, it features green sword-shaped leaves, thin stems with red veins, inserted panicles, white chicken-like flowers and copper needle row-like roots. However, there are many inconsistent morphological descriptions for Qumazi plants in many Chinese versions of Tibetan medicine books. In this article, after studying ancient and modern Tibetan medicine books, consulting experts and conducting surveys, the authors confirmed that Qumazi belongs to Rheum of Polygonaceae, including Rheum nobile Hook. f. et. Thoms, R. globulosum Gage, R. alexandrae Hook. f. et. Thoms, R. pumilum Maxim and R. delavayi Franch. In some regions, Qumazi is substituted by R. spiciforme Royle and R. przewalskyi Losinsk. After the Chinese version of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Drug Illustrations was published in 1972, Qumazi has been miswritten as P. sibiricum Laxm in many Chinese versions of Tibetan medicine books, perhaps because P. sibiricum Laxm has many similar features with Qumazi as described in Crystal Beads Materia Medica and then is mistranslated from Tibetan to Chinese versions. According to records, Qumazi can reduce edema and is mainly applied to treat the minamata disease in clinic.

Objective:To perform a study of the medicinal herbal microscopic and molecular identification of Rheum nobile radix and rhizome.Methods:The cross sections of Rheum nobile radix and rhizome were obtained by using paraffin sectioning,and tem-porary glycerol tablets with chloral hydrate were used to identify the microscopic structure of powder.The matK gene sequence anal-ysis technique was used for molecular identification of Rheum nobile.Results:In the cross-section of radix,both the cortex and xy-lem were wide with vessels arranging radially and massive calcium oxalate crystal visible in parenchyma cells.Pith part was broad without any abnormal vascular bundle.Powder contained a mass of calcium oxalate crystals whose edges were mostly short blunt. There were lignified vessels and small starch grain as well.The length of matK gene sequence of Rheum nobile was 1 524 bp.Up-stream of matK sequence,there were ten base-pair substitutions in 1 06,21 8,222,365,522,61 5,71 1 ,759,801 ,852,and 6 bases CAAGAA inserted in 950-955.Conclusion:The research tends to contain relatively comprehensive identification information of Rheum nobile.These microscopic features can be used as evidence for identification of Rheum nobile radix and rhizome,and the matK gene sequence analysis helps lay a foundation for Rheum nobile DNA barcoding research.

目的 分析北京中医药大学中药学院2006～2010年SCI论文的发表情况,反映北京中医药大学中药学院的科研发展趋势和各学科发展状态,以求更好更快的发展.方法 检索2006～2010年以北京中医药大学为第一著者单位发表的SCI论文,并对检索结果进行统计分析.结果 2006～2010年间以北京中医药大学中药学院为第一著者单位发表中药相关学科SCI论文共计67篇,其中多数学科发表SCI论文的数量在此期间有所增长,但不同学科的论文产出量差异较大,其中中药化学学科发表SCI论文数量增长最为显著.结论 各学科应根据各自的特点和实际情况,调整科研方向和定位,以提高在本学科的影响力.

目的 探讨蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类成分对肠易激综合征(IBS)模型大鼠5-羟色胺(5-HT)、色氨酸羟化酶1 (TPH1)以及单胺氧化酶A(MAO-A)的影响.方法 SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、匹维溴铵组和蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类成分高、中、低剂量(0.60、0.30、0.15 mg/kg)组,采用慢性应激方法建立IBS大鼠模型,观察蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类成分对各组大鼠腹部回撤反射压力阈值的影响.采用高效液相-电化学法测定血清5-HT的含量,RT-PCR检测各组大鼠结肠TPH1 mRNA的表达,比色法测定结肠MAO-A活性.结果 模型组大鼠的疼痛压力阈值和最大耐受压力阈值显著降低(P＜0.01),蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类成分各剂量均可显著增加模型大鼠压力阈值(P＜0.01).模型组 大鼠血清5-HT水平升高(P＜0.05),结肠TPH1mRNA表达水平升高(P＜0.01),MAO-A活性降低(P＜0.05).蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类成分中剂量以及匹维溴铵均可显著降低血清5-HT的水平以及结肠TPH1mRNA表达,并显著增加MAO-A的活性(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类成分低剂量可显著降低结肠TPH1mRNA表达(P＜0.05),并显著增加MAO-A的活性(P＜0.05).结论 蜘蛛香环烯醚萜类成分可通过对结肠TPH1和MAO-A的调节作用,影响血清5-HT表达水平,降低IBS大鼠内脏敏感性.