This study aims to systematically analyze the intellectual landscape and evolving trends in glioma drug delivery research, and thematic shifts to inform future research directions. A bibliometric analysis was performed on articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Data were retrieved via a systematic search using the Boolean query: TS=((“glioma” OR “glioblastoma” OR “GBM”)) AND TS=(“drug delivery”), covering the period from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2025. Data processing and visualization were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix R package. Specifically, we analyzed publication metrics (volume, citations), geographical contributions (top countries, collaboration networks), author and institutional outputs (core authors, institutions), and thematic trends (keyword co-occurrence, theme classification). Key indicators including publication volume, citation impact, collaboration patterns, and thematic evolution were quantified to comprehensively characterize the research landscape of glioma drug delivery. A total of 2,026 articles published in 446 journals were included, contributed by 11,135 authors. The field exhibited an annual growth rate of 6.39

BackgroundGelsemium elegans (Gardner and Champ.) Benth. (Gelsemiaceae), commonly known as heartbreak grass, is a popular herb to treat a variety of ailments, native to China and Southeast Asia. Its toxicity is attributed to the indole alkaloid it contains, particularly koumine.MethodsIn this research, the iterative factor was integrated into a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method to enhance the precision and reliability of koumine quantification. To establish the validity of the HPTLC assay, precision, repeatability, operating range, robustness, specificity, and recovery analysis were carried out, all of which produced satisfactory results. The amount of koumine for different parts of the G. elegans plants across multiple geographical locations was quantified via the validated HPTLC method and derived from the iterative calibration method.ResultsThe results obtained from both methods were compared, and the percentage of difference ranged from 0.12% to 3.53%, indicating that there were no significance differences. All samples showed that koumine levels were highest in roots regardless of their origin, but the level of koumine in stems and leaves varied geographically. Samples from Fujian Province showed higher indole alkaloid content in the stem, while the leaf samples from Guangxi Province had higher koumine content.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the iterative calibration method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of koumine in G. elegans Benth and enhances the robustness of HPTLC-based phytochemical standardisation.

Glioma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, presents significant clinical management challenges due to difficulties in blood-brain barrier penetration, high tumor heterogeneity, and susceptibility to drug resistance and recurrence, leading to an extremely poor prognosis. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), particularly its derived active ingredients and herbal formulations, with its advantages of multi-component, multi-target, and holistic regulation, demonstrates significant potential in the comprehensive treatment of this disease. This review systematically outlines the research progress in TCM for combating glioma. Regarding mechanisms of action, active TCM components not only directly inhibit tumors by inducing cell apoptosis but also exert synergistic therapeutic effects via multiple pathways. These include remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment, activating novel cell death programs such as ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death, intervening in tumor metabolic reprogramming, and reversing chemotherapy resistance. In terms of overcoming delivery barriers, drug delivery systems represented by nanocarriers, liposomes, and extracellular vesicles, combined with the penetration-enhancing effects of aromatic orifice-opening herbs (a class of TCM medicinals traditionally used to "open the orifices" and awaken the mind, now recognized to transiently enhance BBB permeability), have significantly improved the brain-targeting efficiency and bioavailability of TCM components. For clinical translation, a number of innovative drugs derived from TCM, such as elemene, cinobufagin, and ACT001, are currently under clinical investigation, with initial results showing efficacy in prolonging survival and improving quality of life. In the future, by integrating the analysis of multi-target synergistic mechanisms, promoting the clinical translation of intelligent drug delivery systems, and conducting high-quality clinical research on integrated Chinese and Western medicine, TCM is expected to provide a new generation of integrated treatment strategies for glioma that combines holistic and precision medicine.

This study systematically investigated the dose–response relationship of resistant starch type 2 (RS2; Hi-maize 260; 0–15 g/L) on gut microbial composition, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)/gas output, and tryptophan catabolism using an in vitro fermentation model. The highest RS2 concentration (15 g/L) elicited optimal metabolic outcomes, including maximal SCFA production; significant H2S reduction; and redirected tryptophan metabolism from potentially detrimental indoles toward neuroprotective metabolites. Microbial profiling revealed dose-dependent enrichment of saccharolytic taxa (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) with concomitant suppression of proteolytic pathobionts (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella). Correlation analyses revealed strong positive associations between beneficial microbes and both SCFAs and neuroprotective metabolites, whereas pathogenic taxa correlated inversely with these compounds. Collectively, these findings establish that functionally relevant microbiome modulation requires a sufficiently high, dose-tailored intake of RS2, providing a rational basis for precision dietary strategies aimed at improving host metabolic and gut health.

Background: Invasion is an important characteristic of the malignancy of glioblastoma (GBM) and a significant prognostic factor. Sempervirine (SPV), a yohimbine-type alkaloid, has been proven to inhibit GBM cells proliferation in previous research and found to have a potential effect in anti-invasion, but its mechanism of anti-invasion is still unknown. Methods: To explore its pharmacodynamics in inhibiting GBM cell invasion in this study, we combined network pharmacology and bioinformatics to comprehensive exploratory analysis of SPV and verified the mechanism in vitro. Results: Firstly, targets of SPV and invasion-related genes were collected from public databases. Moreover, GBM samples were obtained to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, the relevant targets of SPV inhibiting GBM invasion (SIGI) were obtained through the intersection of the three gene sets. Further, GO and KEGG analysis showed that the targets of SIGI were heavily enriched in the AKT signaling pathway. Subsequently, based on the method of machine learning, a clinical prognostic model of the relevant targets of SIGI was constructed using GBM samples from TCGA and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). A four-genes model (DUSP6, BMP2, MMP2, and MMP13) was successfully constructed, and Vina Scores of MMP2 and MMP13 in molecular docking were higher, which may be the main targets of SIGI. Then, the effect of SIGI was confirmed via functional experiments on invasion, migration, and adhesion assay, and the effect involved changes in the expressions of p-AKT, MMP2 and MMP13. Finally, combined with AKT activator (SC79) and inhibitor (MK2206), we further confirmed that SPV inhibits GBM invasion through AKT phosphorylation. Conclusions: This study provides valuable and an expected point of view into the regulation of AKT phosphorylation and inhibition of GBM invasion by SPV.

Understanding the genomic diversity and functional implications of Ganoderma species is crucial for elucidating their evolutionary history and biotechnological potential. Here, we present the first pan-genomic analysis of Ganoderma spp., combining five newly sequenced genomes with ten publicly available genomes. Our comprehensive comparative study unveiled a rich genomic landscape, identifying core genes shared among all Ganoderma strains and species-specific gene sets. Additionally, we identified structural variants impacting the expression of key genes, including insights into the MSH4 gene involved in DNA repair and recombination processes, which exhibits a 440 bp insertion in the promoter region and a leucine-to-serine mutation in the gene body, potentially increasing spore production in the S3 strain. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the genomic architecture and functional diversity of Ganoderma, paving the way for further research on its evolutionary dynamics, biotechnological applications and pharmaceutical potential.

目的 探讨钩吻总生物碱(TA)和常绿钩吻碱(SPV)的体外抗肿瘤作用及机制.方法 观察低、中、高浓度TA(50、100、200 μg/mL)和SPV(10、30、50 μmol/L)对人肝癌细胞(HepG2、Bel-7402)、人肺癌细胞(A549)、人结肠癌细胞(HCT-8)形态的影响并实时监测TA和SPV对4种肿瘤细胞的毒性;检测TA和SPV对HCT-8细胞上清液中胱天蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、caspase-9含量和细胞中磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)(Thr308、Ser473)、B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、生存素、C/EBP-同源蛋白(CHOP)、免疫球蛋白结合蛋白(Bip)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3Ⅱ(LC3Ⅱ)蛋白表达的影响.结果 TA和SPV干预后的4种肿瘤细胞形态均出现体积缩小、细胞核皱缩的现象,细胞活性均出现不同程度的降低,其中TA和SPV对HCT-8细胞的抑制效果最好.TA和SPV干预后的HCT-8细胞上清液中caspase-3、caspase-9含量和细胞中Bax、CHOP、Bip、LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达水平均不同程度升高,p-Akt(Thr308、Ser473)、Bcl-2、生存素蛋白表达水平均不同程度降低.结论 TA和SPV对上述4种肿瘤细胞均具有抑制作用,其对HCT-8细胞的抑制效果最好;二者对HCT-8细胞的作用机制可能与促进细胞凋亡、激活内质网应激和细胞自噬有关.

目的:基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨"陈皮-山楂"药对治疗高脂血症(HLP)的作用机制.方法:通过使用TCMSP、ETCM和BATMAN-TCM数据库筛选陈皮、山楂的活性成分和作用靶点;通过Genecards、Disgenet和OMIM数据库获取HLP潜在作用靶点;通过Venny网站获取"陈皮-山楂"药对与疾病的交集靶点;使用Cytoscape软件构建活性"成分-疾病-交集靶点"网络图;使用String数据库和Cytoscape软件构建交集靶点蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络;利用Metascape数据库对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)生物功能分析及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析;最后利用AutoDock Vina软件对主要活性成分和关键靶点进行分子对接.结果:得到"陈皮-山楂"药对潜在活性成分71个、潜在作用靶点414个,HPL疾病靶点1056个,其中成分与疾病交集靶点共88个;GO生物过程作用于激素反应、细胞对激素刺激的反应等602个条目,GO细胞组分富集作用于转录调节复合物、囊泡腔等23个条目,GO分子功能富集作用于核受体活性、配体激活转录因子活性等47个条目;KEGG通路分析共得到127条通路,与脂肪细胞因子信号通路、PPAR信号通路和AMPK信号通路等有关;分子对接结果证实主要活性成分槲皮素、柚皮素与关键靶点PPARA、TP53结合能力良好.结论:"陈皮-山楂"药对可通过多成分、多靶点、多途径发挥对高脂血症的治疗作用.

Objective: To obtain easily digestible and antioxidant chestnut steamed products to promote the development and utilization of chestnut medicinal and edible functions. Method: Using extract solutions from Polygonatum, Citrusreticulata and Crataegus pinnatifida to steam and process chestnuts, total polysaccharide content and sensory evaluation as indicators. The quantities of three traditional Chinese medicine food additives, namely Polygonatum, Citrusreticulata, and Crataegus pinnatifida were optimized through single-factor experiments and orthogonal tests L9(34). The effects of chestnuts on the small intestine movement of normal mice before and after processing were observed using charcoal powder propulsion method. The mice were induced to produce oxidative stress by D-galactose and their serum was isolated. The content of catalase (CAT), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in each group of mouse serum was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Based on single-factor and orthogonal experiment results, the optimal formula for steamed Chestnut with Polygonatum, Citrusreticulata, and Crataegus pinnatifida was determined as follows: 91.95% chestnut, 3.45% Citrusreticulata, 2.30% Citrusreticulata, and 2.30% Polygonatum, with a total polysaccharide content of 97.10±0.16 mg/g. The charcoal powder propulsion experiment showed that the charcoal powder propulsion rate in the processed chestnut group was significantly higher than that in the chestnut group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The ELISA detection results showed that compared to the blank group, the levels of CAT, HO-1, SOD, and GSH-Px activities in the serum of the model group decreased (P<0.05), and the MDA content increased (P<0.05). The levels of CAT, HO-1, SOD, and GSH-Px in the serum of the vitamin C group, chestnut group, and steamed chestnut group increased (P<0.05), and the MDA levels decreased (P<0.05). Among them, the CAT activity in the steamed chestnut polysaccharide group was significantly higher than that in the chestnut polysaccharide group (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study provides a medicinal and edible processed chestnut that is easier to digest than regular chestnuts and exhibits stronger anti-aging properties.

目的 制备川芎嗪-延胡索乙素凝胶贴膏,并考察其体外透皮能力.方法 在Plackett-Burman 设计、最陡爬坡实验基础上,以NP-700、CMC-Na用量为影响因素,初黏力、模拟汗液影响、感官评价的综合评分为评价指标,Central Composite Design 响应面法优化处方工艺.采用Franz扩散池法,以川芎嗪、延胡索乙素透过量为评价指标,考察不同种类促渗剂对体外经皮渗透的影响.结果 最佳处方为NP-700 用量 14.00 g,CMC-Na用量 0.40 g,综合评分为 79.17 分.以 3%氮酮为促渗剂时,川芎嗪、延胡索乙素体外透皮渗透量最优.结论 经优化的川芎嗪-延胡索乙素凝胶贴膏制备简便,膏体均匀无气泡、黏性适中、敷贴无残留,体外经皮渗透性能良好.

目的:研究蒲公英-丝瓜络(PS)提取物对小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞增殖和凋亡作用的影响.方法:将不同浓度的PS提取物作用于乳腺癌4T1细胞,通过CCK8法和集落形成实验检测PS提取物对细胞增殖的影响;通过Hoechst 33258细胞核染色法和Annexin V-FITC/PI染色法观察细胞凋亡情况;通过Western blot检测Bcl-2、Bax、Cleaved caspase-3、CDK2、Cyclin A2蛋白表达,评估PS提取物对乳腺癌4T1细胞周期与凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响.结果:CCK8结果显示PS提取物各剂量组作用24、48、72 h后细胞存活率下降;不同浓度PS提取物处理4T1细胞后,细胞集落形成能力减弱;细胞周期检测结果表明PS提取物能阻滞细胞周期于S期;Hoechst 33258染色实验观察到细胞核固缩和出现明显的凋亡小体,Annexin V-FITC/PI染色流式细胞仪检测发现细胞凋亡率增加;Western blot结果显示PS提取物可使Bcl-2、周期蛋白Cyclin A2及CDK2表达降低,Bax、Cleaved caspase-3表达增加.结论:PS提取物具有抑制乳腺癌4T1细胞增殖的作用,该作用可能与诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞有关.

目的 初步探讨建立小鼠寒证、热证模型的评价指标.方法 选择60只6～8周龄的C57BL/6雄性小鼠,按随机数字表法分为正常组、热证组、寒证组,每组20只.造模期间正常组按体质量10 mL/(kg·d)灌胃生理盐水,连续灌胃4周;热证组第1周按体质量10 mL/(kg·d)灌胃20％乙醇溶液,第2、3、4周分别按体质量10、15、20 mL/(kg·d)灌胃乙醇辣椒素混合液;寒证组第1周按体质量10 mL/(kg·d)灌胃冰水混合液,第2、3、4周分别按体质量10、15、20 mL/(kg·d)灌胃冰水混合液后在冰上行走10 min.造模后比较3组小鼠体质量、饮食量、饮水量、肛温、体征评分、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶、琥珀酸脱氢(SDH)酶含量.结果 与正常组比较,寒证组饮食量、体质量均明显升高(P均<0.05),饮水量、肛温、体征评分、ATP酶、SDH酶含量均降低(P均<0.05);热证组饮食量、体质量均明显降低(P均<0.05),饮水量、肛温、体征评分、ATP酶、SDH酶含量均升高(P均<0.05);与寒证组比较,热证组饮食量、体质量均明显降低(P均<0.01),肛温升高、饮水量、体征评分、ATP酶、SDH酶含量均明显升高(P均<0.01).结论 采用乙醇辣椒素混合液灌胃小鼠可一定程度上建立小鼠热证模型,采用冰水混合液灌胃小鼠并配合在冰上行走可一定程度上建立小鼠寒证模型.

目的 优化常绿钩吻碱微乳处方,并对其进行安全性评价.方法 溶解度法筛选油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂种类,绘制伪三元相图.以油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂用量为影响因素,粒径、载药量为评价指标,Box-Behnken响应面法优化处方.采用在体蟾蜍上颚模型、大鼠鼻黏膜病理切片考察微乳的鼻腔给药安全性.结果 最佳处方为油相(Labrafil M 1944 CS)、乳化剂(RH40)、助乳化剂(1,2-丙二醇)、水用量 5%、19.53%、19.25%、56.22%,平均粒径为 32.6 nm,载药量为 2.201 mg/mL,多分散系数为 0.165,室温pH值为6.27.与生理盐水组比较,常绿钩吻碱微乳组蟾蜍上颚纤毛摆动时间无明显变化(P>0.05).鼻腔给药后,大鼠鼻黏膜结构完整,纤毛整齐.结论 该方法稳定可靠,可用于制备无明显纤毛毒性、鼻黏膜刺激性的常绿钩吻碱微乳.

为探究百年蔗红糖的成分和营养品质,测定3批百年蔗红糖和14批市售红糖的理化指标、营养成分、活性成分及抗氧化活性,并结合熵权法逼近理想排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)综合评价百年蔗红糖的营养价值.结果显示:百年蔗红糖中含有还原糖分(9.10%)、蛋白质(1.54 g/100 g)、脂肪(1.30 g/100 g)、13种氨基酸(0.87 g/100 g)、12种矿物质元素(19812.84 mg/kg),其中人体必需氨基酸(0.16 g/100 g)及微量元素K(18466.70 mg/kg)、Ca(629.33 mg/kg)、Fe(59.57 mg/kg)、Zn(12.18 mg/kg)含量均较高;总黄酮、总多酚活性成分含量3.69 mg/g、5.69 mg/g;抗氧化能力分析百年蔗红糖的半数清除率(Median Inhibition Concentration,IC50)为15.01～16.44 mg/mL,铁还原能力法(Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power,FRAP)为0.053～0.063 mmol/g;熵权TPOSIS综合分析显示红糖S1、S8、S12综合营养品质较佳,可筛选为优质红糖.该研究通过构建熵权TOPSIS功能评价模型,综合评红糖的营养价值,以期为红糖深加工及药用保健功能的产品开发提供一定的参考.

Objective:To explore the relationship between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and toxicity of Gelsemium elegans fermented by Ganoderma lucidum ( Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans) for different time. Methods:Gelsemium elegans was processed by biphasic solid-state fermentation with Ganoderma lucidum. A total of 10 samples of Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans were collected after fermentation for 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27 days (sampling twice on day 27, number: S1-S10) and the fingerprints were determined by self-established HPLC. One hundred specific pathogen-free ICR mice were randomly divided into 10 groups (each group comprised 10 mice, half were male and half were female). The median lethal dose of Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans collected after fermentation for 11 days in mice was used as the final concentration in toxicity test. S1-S10 Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans solutions were prepared and given to 10 groups of mice respectively by gavage administration and the death of mice was observed. According to the calculation formula of grey correlation analysis, the correlation coefficients between the common peaks of S1-S10 Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans in chromatographic fingerprint and their toxicity test results (death rate in mice) was calculated and the main components contributing to the toxicity of Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans were analyzed. Results:A total of 17 common peaks were identified in the chromatographic fingerprint spectrum of S1-S10 Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans. The mortalities in mice caused by S1-S10 of Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans were 1.00, 1.00, 0.80, 0.70, 0.60, 0.60, 0.50, 0.40, 0, and 0, respectively. The grey correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of common peak 7, 3, 6, 9, 1, 8, 17, and 12 to toxicity were 0.868, 0.838, 0.830, 0.828, 0.824, 0.820, 0.818, and 0.802, respectively. The chemical components represented by these 8 chromatographic peaks had more contribution to the toxicity of Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans. Conclusions:With the extension of fermentation time, the toxicity of Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans decreased gradually, and toxicity was the lowest at 27 days of fermentation. The toxicity of Gelsemium elegans after fermentation was the result of a join action from multiple components. The identification of the main toxicity components can provide a reference for the quality control of Ganoderma lucidum- Gelsemium elegans and the fermentation process optimization.

目的:探究加工过程中不同烘烤温度对泽泻药材外观性状、浸出物及7个萜类成分含量的影响.方法:采用不同烘烤温度(冻干及45、60、80、100、120、150℃)加工泽泻,对比其外观性状,分析断面RGB色度值变化,测定醇溶性浸出物的含量;采用UPLC法研究不同烘烤温度对泽泻中泽泻烯醇、环氧泽泻烯、泽泻醇A、泽泻醇B、24-乙酰泽泻醇A、23-乙酰泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇C含量的影响.结果:RGB颜色法统计表明当烘烤温度≥80℃时,泽泻断面逐渐焦化为黑褐色;醇溶性浸出物含量下降明显;随着温度升高,泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇B、23-乙酰泽泻醇C含量逐渐下降,而泽泻醇A、24-乙酰泽泻醇A含量逐渐升高,推测可能是23-乙酰泽泻醇B、泽泻醇B通过23位氧化开环转化为24-乙酰泽泻醇A、泽泻醇A.结论:泽泻在初加工过程宜进行低温烘烤,以保证其药材品质稳定.

目的 探讨钩吻经胆汁混合蒸制前后成分及毒性的差异,旨在为钩吻减毒存效提供新的炮制方案.方法 采用胆汁混合蒸制法炮制钩吻,建立10个批次钩吻生品与胆汁蒸制品(胆钩吻)HPLC指纹图谱,采用层次聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)多元化统计分析方法钩吻生品与胆钩吻指纹图谱信息,筛选成分差异,通过小鼠急性毒性实验比较钩吻生品与胆钩吻急性毒性死亡率.结果 10批钩吻生品及胆钩吻HPLC指纹图谱中分别有15、17个共有色谱峰,其中12个峰为两者所共有,共有峰相似度分别为0.744～0.979、0.998～1.000;HCA分析结果表明10个批次钩吻生品与胆钩吻聚为2类;PCA结果显示建立的HPLC指纹图谱基本能客观反映10个批次钩吻生品与胆钩吻的样本信息;OPLS-DA结果显示钩吻素子、钩吻素己、胡蔓藤碱乙及2号未知物是差异成分,其中前3种成分在钩吻生品中含量较高,2号未知物在胆钩吻中含量较高;小鼠急性毒性实验结果表明钩吻生品致死量为0.2 g/kg,胆钩吻剂量为4 g/kg时小鼠死亡率为0％.结论 钩吻经胆汁炮制后成分及毒性差异显著,具有减毒作用.

目的 利用高通量测序技术获得建泽泻与川泽泻的转录组特征信息,并进行泽泻三萜类成分合成生物信息学分析.方法 通过Illumina HiSeqTM2500对建泽泻与川泽泻进行转录组测序,采用Trinity软件组装获得Unigene,与SwissProt、Pfam、SignalP、TMHMM、GO、COG和KEGG数据库比对,对Unigene进行功能注释和生物信息学分析,得到建泽泻与川泽泻转录组数据.结果 测序组装后,Unigene与7个数据库比对,获得建泽泻、川泽泻分别注释53566条、49448条Unigene.其中,在GO数据库中注释泽泻生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类,其包含30个亚类;在COG数据库中注释泽泻24个功能类别;KEGG注释结果表明泽泻三萜类化合物生物合成途径为乙酰辅酶A在羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A合酶、羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶、甲羟戊酸激酶、甲羟戊酸磷酸激酶、焦磷酸甲羟戊脱羧酶催化下反应生成焦磷酸法尼酯,其次焦磷酸法尼酯在法尼基焦磷酸合酶催化下生成前喹啉,再经角鲨烯合酶生成角鲨烯,最后在角鲨烯环氧酶催化下生成骨架类型为原萜烷型的泽泻三萜.利用MISA软件对建泽泻与川泽泻Unigene进行SSR分析,有6种SSR重复类型,其中A/T类型的比例最高.结论 本研究利用高通量测序技术获得建泽泻与川泽泻的转录组数据并进行泽泻三萜生物合成等生物信息学分析,为后续开展泽泻功能基因的挖掘、次生代谢途径解析奠定数据基础.

Objectives: We developed a computer-aided diagnosis system called ECRC-CAD using standard white-light endoscopy (WLE) for predicting conventional adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) to optimise the patients' management decisions during colonoscopy. Methods: Pretraining model was used to fine-tune the model parameters by transfer learning. 2,397 images of HGD and 2,487 low-grade dysplasia (LGD) images were randomly assigned (8:1:1) to the training, optimising, and internal validation dataset. The prospective validation dataset is the frames accessed from colonoscope videoes. One independent rural hospital provided an external validation dataset. Histopathological diagnosis was used as the standard criterion. The capability of the ECRC-CAD to distinguish HGD was assessed and compared with two expert endoscopists. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of HGD in the internal validation set were 90.5%, 93.2%, 87.9%, respectively. While 88.2%, 85.4%, 89.8%, respectively, for the external validation set. For the prospective validation set, ECRC-CAD achieved an AUC of 93.5% in diagnosing HGD. The performance of ECRC-CAD in diagnosing HGD was better than that of the expert endoscopist in the external validation set (88.2% vs. 71.5%, P < 0.0 001). Conclusion: ECRC-CAD had good diagnostic capability for HGD and enabled a more convenient and accurate diagnosis using WLE. (c) 2022 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

目的 基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨清眩降压汤治疗高血压(HTN)的作用机制.方法 利用TCMSP、ETCM和DrugBank等数据库筛选清眩降压汤的活性成分和作用靶标,通过GeneCards、DisGeN?ET和TTD数据库获取HTN作用靶标,并与清眩降压汤作用靶标相映射获取交集靶标;利用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件绘制活性成分-交集靶标网络图以及交集靶标蛋白互作(PPI)网络图,并分别根据度值以及接近中心性、中介中心性和度值筛选出主要活性成分和关键靶标;利用Metascape数据库对交集靶标进行GO生物功能分析及KEGG通路富集分析,最后利用AutoDock Vina软件进行清眩降压汤主要活性成分和关键靶标的分子对接.结果 获取清眩降压汤活性成分142个和作用靶标364个,HTN作用靶标2313个,交集靶标231个;主要活性成分20个,如槲皮素、山柰酚和β-谷甾醇等;关键靶标21个,如MAPK1、SRC和AKT1等;GO生物功能分析提示清眩降压汤参与氧化还原酶活性、蛋白质同二聚化活性、蛋白域特异性结合等生物学过程,KEGG通路富集分析得到210条信号通路,涉及MAPK、TNF、HIF-1和PI3K/Akt信号通路等;分子对接验证了清眩降压汤主要活性成分和关键靶标之间的结合活性,二者结合度较高,构象稳定.结论 清眩降压汤可能通过MAPK、TNF、HIF-1和PI3K/Akt信号通路对细胞凋亡、炎症反应和氧化应激等生物学过程进行调控,从而达到治疗HTN的目的.