伴随着大数据时代的来临,管理和利用大数据可以促进教学改革.在教学内容方面改革主要考虑兼顾开放性、普遍性与个性,注重交叉性与综合性,提倡案例教学和实践教学.在教学方法上重新解释适用于数学类基础课的"考一考、说一说、讲一讲、做一做、想一想"五步法.在考核评价方面提倡"重过程、轻结果"的考核方法,对于其中存在的问题做了详细阐述.

Considering the basic equation of fluid motion, together with the Darcy′s law and the Newton′s law of vis-cosity, this paper aims to present the new calculation model of oil-water relative permeability of the parallel horizon-tal fracture system by using the theory of permeability synthesis method of reservoirs.The results show that when water saturation of each fracture is equal, there is equivalence relationship of oil-water relative permeability between the parallel horizontal fracture system and the single one′s, and it also can be determined that the result has no relationship with the height of fracture;with the increasing of water-oil viscosity ratio, the relative permeability of water increased and the relative permeability of oil decreased.

During the well produces in gas reservoir, it is easy to appear the gas and water two-phase flow due to the existence of edge water, bottom water or interlayer water.Under the condition of gas and water two-phase flow, how to accurately predict the productivity of gas well is the key to the development of gas field with high efficiency. Based on steady state seepage theory and law of conservation of mass, this paper presented the productivity equa-tions of gas and water obeying Darcy′s law, gas obeying non-Darcy′s law, water obeying Darcy′s law, gas and wa-ter obeying non-Darcy′s law in water-bearing gas well and expounded the method of calculating these productivity e-quations.Through the analysis of actual case, we obtained the inflow performance curves of these productivity e-quations under different ratio of water and gas and analyzed the flow rules of gas and water.

The fishbone instability induced by the trapped energetic electrons is studied with off-axis and on-axis ECRH in HL-2A tokamak. Numerical results show that the fishbone can be triggered by energetic electrons if the poloidal beta βh is higher than a critical value h,critβ . In addition, its real frequency increases with the increasing of poloidal beta βh and equals the toroidal precession frequency of energetic electrons. Furthermore, the critical value h,critβ decreases with higher density peaking of energetic electrons and approaches a constant by more peaked density profiles. And besides, analysis of the effects of the pitch angle and the turbulent energy on real frequency and growth rate is carried out. It can be seen that the growth rate curve has a local minimum value if the pitch angle α0=1 , which indicates that the fishbone instability can be stabilized by the barely passing energetic particles. Moreover, it can also be seen that the real frequency increases with the increasing of the turbulent energy cδ ?W , while growth rate decreases. It indicates that the background plasma tends to stabilize the fishbone instability.

This paper presents a semianalytical steady-state productivity of oil/water two-phase flow in low-permeability reservoirs with both top and bottom boundaries closed which takes the permeability stress-sensitive and threshold pressure gradient into account. Using the similar approach as Joshi's (1988), the three-dimensional (3D) horizontal well problem is divided into two two-dimensional problems (2D), and then the corresponding nonlinear steady seepage mathematical models in vertical and horizontal planes are established. Through the separation of variables method and equivalent flow resistance principle, the productivity equation of horizontal well is obtained. The liquid and oil productivity with different influential factors are plotted, and the related effects are also analyzed. This paper expanded the conventional productivity equations of single phase into multiphase flow which have both theoretical and practical significance in predicting production behaviors in such reservoirs.

缝洞型油藏主要由溶洞、裂缝构成,具有较强的非均质性和丰富的储集空间,对其进行产能分析一般较为困难.根据等效连续介质理论,通过对基质、溶洞和裂缝3种区域进行不同的排列组合,建立了6种缝洞型油藏单井产能方程;并根据某油井实际的生产数据,计算得到6种缝洞型油藏的单井产量,并对其进行对比分析;进而讨论了溶洞半径、溶洞渗透率、裂缝宽度和裂缝渗透率这4个因素对单井产能的影响.分析后认为:溶洞区域接近井筒时的产量更高,并且此时溶洞半径和渗透率对产量的影响要比基质区域接近井筒时的影响要大;当裂缝区域接近井筒时,裂缝宽度和渗透率对产量的影响要比基质区域接近井筒时的影响要大.

A quasi-linear formalism is developed for relativistic particles. It is self-consistent including spatial diffusion. An attempt is made to simulate the process of electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) and electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) for the HL-2A tokamak. Temperature oscillating regimes in Tore Supra diagnosed by MHD activity seem to be reproduced in the simulation. The special feature in this paper is to see the resonance in the long time scale for relativistic plasma.

The saturation of oil water in interspace has been changing as a result of continued developing of injection oilfield recovery.The producing and keeping of the rest of oil become complicated and this has some effects in efficiency of using oil.Learning how the rest of oil produced and kept can provides a right way to research where can find it and how to exploit it.Therefore,the paper describes something about the producing and keeping of the oil and redefines the forming of the rest oil.

Based on gas transient flow theory,the pseudo-pressure drop analytical solution of horizontal gas well was derived according to Newman′s product principle and Green function,the transient deliverability model of plane herringbone horizontal gas well was established with the coordinate conversion and pressure-drop superposition principle. Production of herringbone gas well and inflow of each section were calculated by discrete computation. The rule of gas yield change and production time was studied with the gas productivity model with nodal system analysis,and the lateral location,lateral angle and the number of laterals were analyzed to obtain the appropriate location,the rational lateral angle,and the reasonable number of laterals, which provide theoretical basis for optimization design of herringbone gas well.

Shaping effects of the E-fishbone in tokamaks are investigated. Coordinates related to the Solov'ev configuration are used to calculate the precession frequency and kinetic contribution. It is shown that elongation does not change the precession frequency and the kinetic energy. Growth rates of the E-fishbone vary with elongation which essentially has destabilizing effects. For elongated tokamaks, triangularity has a stabilizing effect on the modes which play a compensative role. The results may apply to Sunist.

Commingling production is always used in the low permeability gas reservoir to yield an industrial gas.However,there was no reasonable method to calculate the interlayer interference coefficient for commingling production.Basing on a physical model,methods of gas well binomial deliverability equation and well bore pressure calculation are adopted to get the interference coefficients of 16 gas wells;a linear regressed formula involving interlayer width,KH difference from well logging and pressure drop can be obtained.The interlayer interference coefficient of the different layers of the Y gas reservoir can be acquired with this formula,and the interference coefficient of the Y gas reservoir can also be obtained with the area weighted average method.As a result,a conclusion can be drawn that the Y gas reservoir can adopt commingling production.This method provides a significant basis to establish a development project of the low permeability gas reservoir.

The technique of horizontal well which can increase the drainage area several times has been an efficient way to improve the degree of gas reserve recovery. There is a little research on the unsteady seepage of horizontal gas well. In this paper, based on the differential equation of unsteady flow, Green-function solutions and the super-position principle have been used for closed layer, and the equation of unsteady pressure drawdown is obtained, which is useful for the research of deliverability equation of horizontal gas well.

The global gyrokinetic toroidal code(GTC) simulation and the data of HL-2A experiments were used to study the trapped electron mode,search and understand the possible mechanism of the microinstabilities which existed in the edge plasmas of HL-2A tokamak.In the GTC linear simulation,the trapped electron mode(TEM) is strongly unstable and distributes in the week magnetic area regularly in the edge plasma of the HL-2A tokamak.The unstable TEM instability is related with the intensity of density and temperature gradients.The results also shows that the TEM frequency is smaller than the drift frequence.This is in consistent with the theoretical results.

Combining morphological fracture feature after horizontal gas wells being fractured and fluid flow mechanism in fracture, transient deliverability model of fractured horizontal gas wells was established according to superposition principle and analytical solutions, the productivity in nonsteady state was obtained by numerical computation. Numerical examples revealed the law of fractured horizontal gas wells deliverability variation with time, and the facture interference and flow rate of each facture were also analyzed. The results showed that: it was need to consider the impact of fracture disturbance on productivity when doing transient deliverability analysis, the output of both sides fracture were more than that of the middle.

Using multi-branch horizontal wells can greatly increase the drainage area of reservoirs and effectively raise gas production.Based on gas transient flow theory,the pressure drop analytical solution of the horizontal gas well in parallel with x-axis is concluded according to Newman's product principle and Green function.Combined with rotation of axes,the transient deliverability equation for horizontal gas well is derived with α angle to the x-axis.And then the transient deliverability forecasting model for multi-branch horizontal gas wells is presented based on the principle of pressure drop superposition.The analysis result shows that:(1) the production of multi-branch horizontal wells in gas reservoirs increases with the increasing of number of the branches,but interference effect strengthens,production growth range decreases when the number increases,indicating that there is an optimal value of the number of branches;(2) according to the optimal number of branches,the production is declining with time,followed by tending to a certain value,and the flow reaches pseudo-steady state.

Horizontal well can greatly enlarge the drainage area and effectively raise the gas well production.Accurate prediction of horizontal gas well productivity can contribute to rationally exploit the gas pays,and enhance the degree of reserves recovery of gas reservoir.Based on the gas transient flow theory,the pressure drop analytical solution of horizontal gas well is concluded according to Newman′s product principle and Green function.Semi-analytic method and analytic method are respectively used for solving the model in order to discuss how to take the reasonable uniform flow point and to analyze the law of horizontal gas wells deliverability variation with time.The research shows that horizontal wellbore flow rate distributes in the form of U-type along the horizontal section,with the flow rate increasing with time and with the U-type surface deepening,and the uniform flow point moves from the ends to the mid-shaft,being steady at a point finally;that the error is less than 2% compared by the analytic method according to the uniform flow point obtained by semi-analytic method,and the gas productivity decreases as time increasing,tending to a certain value after a long time,and the flow reaches pseudo-steady state.

教学过程是一个动态平衡过程,表现在教师、知识、学生三个子系统的匹配上,高等数学教学效果的优化就是把握高等数学的知识体系,选择最优的教学方式,在知识的灌输中达到最佳效果.

The existent phenomenon of anisotropism during the development of gas reservoir,which is ignored currently when predicting the horizontal gas well productivity,such as the difference of permeability in each orientation,do makes a strong impact to the fluids rate forecast.Based on the fundamental differential equation of the unsteady gas filtration,a corresponding pseudosteady equation of gas production was established in an anisotropic box-shaped drainage volume by integrating the appropriate point sink functions in the whole horizontal well section.The deliverability equation was used to analyze the effects of anisotropism on deliverability and optimize the well array orientation.The illustration showed:(1) the horizontal anisotropism has a certain effect on the deliverability,which has an optimal value;(2) the pattern configuration of horizontal well should be considered in a minimum-permeability aspect.These are of great importance to rational design and reasonable exploitation for horizontal gas well.

Based on gas transient flow theory and the pressure drop analytical solution of the horizontal gas well obtained by Newman's product principle and Green function,combined with rotation of axes deriving the pressure drop equation of the sidetrack,the transient deliverability prediction model of herringbone gas wells is presented and solved by discretization.Computational analysis shows that: ①The production of herringbone gas well decreases with time,followed by tending to a certain rate,and characterized by pseudo-steady state flow;②The unit length flow rate of main wellbore trends to great at both ends and small in the middle,with the smallest in the intersection,and the farther from the main wellbore,the greater the unit length flow rate of sidetrack wellbore is.

The researches on the horizontal well productivity at home and abroad have been very rich,but the traditional model of horizontal wells marches for an infinite formation or oval formation.The traditional model is not fit for some actual gas reservoir such as channel sand,which can be described as a box-shaped drainage volume.Based on the existing fundamental differential equation about unsteady gas filtration,we gain a corresponding equation of gas production by integrations of the appropriate point sink functions in the whole horizontal well section.The equation proposed in the paper fills blank of study at home and abroad and provides a theoretical basis for the deliverability calculation of the horizontal gas well in a box-shaped sandstone drainage volume without edge water bottom water.