Objective: The aim of this study is to elucidate the correlation between phase angle and malnutrition, and to determine the malnutrition cutoff points based on phase angle in patients undergoing major pancreatic and biliary surgery.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study analyzing the prospective database of the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery at Beijing Hospital, China, from December 2020 to September 2023. Basal data, diet surveys, anthropometry, and body composition were recorded. Phase angle was measured with the InBody 720. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were used to diagnose malnutrition. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying age and pancreatic cancer.Results: A total of 185 consecutive cases were included, with a mean age of 63.66 ± 11.96 years. 63.8% (118/185) of the participants were aged 60 years or older, and 43.8% (81/185) were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The prevalence of malnutrition was 62.2% among all subjects, 67.8% among the elderly, and 69.1% among pancreatic cancer patients. Phase angle was significantly lower in the malnourished group than in the normal group. Positive correlations were found between phase angle and body mass index (BMI), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat-free mass, total energy intake, grip strength, calf circumference, 6-m timed walk speed, total protein, albumin, and prealbumin. Among all the subjects, participants with a lower phase angle were significantly more likely to suffer from malnutrition than their control group, with a 1.611 times higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.013–2.562,P = .044). The cutoff points of the phase angle for determining malnutrition were 4.82 in men (sensitivity 0.744, specificity 0.571, area under the curve 0.667, 95% CI: 0.567–0.766,P = .003), and 4.54 in women (sensitivity 0.750, specificity 0.711, area under the curve 0.757, 95% CI: 0.644–0.869,P < .001). In the subgroup analyses of elderly and pancreatic cancer patients, we obtained consistent results with statistical significance and identified corresponding cutoff points.Conclusion: The present study suggests that the phase angle could be a valid, useful, and simple indicator of malnutrition in patients undergoing major pancreatic and biliary surgery.

OBJECTIVE:Whole-course nutrition management (WNM) has been proven to improve outcomes and reduce complications. We conducted this randomized controlled trial to validate its effectiveness in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS:From 1 December 2020, to 30 November 2023, this single-center randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery in a major hospital in Beijing, China. Participants who were undergoing PD were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the WNM group or the control group. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications. Subgroup analysis in patients who were at nutritional risk was performed. Finally, a 6-month follow-up was conducted and the economic benefit was evaluated using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS:A total of 84 patients were randomly assigned (1:1) into the WNM group and the control group. The incidences of total complications (47.6% vs. 69.0%, P =0.046), total infections (14.3% vs. 33.3%, P =0.040), and abdominal infection (11.9% vs. 31.0%, P =0.033) were significantly lower in the WNM group. In the subgroup analysis of patients at nutritional risk, 66 cases were included (35 cases in the WNM group and 31 cases in the control group). The rate of abdominal infection (11.4% vs. 32.3%, P =0.039) and postoperative length of stay (23.1±10.3 vs. 30.4±17.2, P =0.046) were statistically different between the two subgroups. In the 6-month follow-up, more patients reached the energy target in the WNM group (97.0% vs. 79.4%, P =0.049) and got a higher daily energy intake (1761.3±339.5 vs. 1599.6±321.5, P =0.045). The ICER suggested that WNM saved 31 511 Chinese Yuan (CNY) while reducing the rate of total infections by 1% in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and saved 117 490 CNY in patients at nutritional risk, while WNM saved 31 511 CNY while reducing the rate of abdominal infections by 1% in the ITT population and saved 101 359 CNY in patients at nutritional risk. CONCLUSION:In this trial, whole-course nutrition management was associated with fewer total postoperative complications, total and abdominal infections, and was cost-effective, especially in patients at nutritional risk. It seems to be a favorable strategy for patients undergoing PD.

Objective To analyze the correlation between preoperative nutritional status, frailty, sarcopenia, body composition, and anthropometry in geriatric inpatients undergoing major pancreatic and biliary surgery. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of the database from December 2020 to September 2022 in the department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, Beijing Hospital. Basal data, anthropometry, and body composition were recorded. NRS 2002, GLIM, FFP 2001, and AWGS 2019 criteria were performed. The incidence, overlap, and correlation of malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia, and other nutrition-related variables were investigated. Group comparisons were implemented by stratification of age and malignancy. The present study adhered to the STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional study. Results A total of 140 consecutive cases were included. The prevalence of nutritional risk, malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia was 70.0, 67.1, 20.7, and 36.4%, respectively. The overlaps of malnutrition with sarcopenia, malnutrition with frailty, and sarcopenia with frailty were 36.4, 19.3, and 15.0%. There is a positive correlation between every two of the four diagnostic tools, and all six p -values were below 0.002. Albumin, prealbumin, CC, GS, 6MTW, ASMI, and FFMI showed a significantly negative correlation with the diagnoses of the four tools. Participants with frailty or sarcopenia were significantly more likely to suffer from malnutrition than their control groups with a 5.037 and 3.267 times higher risk, respectively (for frailty, 95% CI: 1.715–14.794, p = 0.003 and for sarcopenia, 95% CI: 2.151–4.963, p <0.001). Summarizing from stratification analysis, most body composition and function variables were worsen in the ≥70 years group than in the younger group, and malignant patients tended to experience more intake reduction and weight loss than the benign group, which affected the nutrition diagnosis. Conclusion Elderly inpatients undergoing major pancreatic and biliary surgery possessed high prevalence and overlap rates of malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia. Body composition and function deteriorated obviously with aging.

Objective:To study the correlation between nutritional status and length of hospital stay in patients with digestive disorders.Methods:The data were collected from the database of a multi-center investigation on the dynamic changes of nutritional status of hospitalized patients in China, a project led by the Geriatric Nutrition Support Group, Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Chinese Medical Association. The enrolled patients were screened for malnutrition and possible sarcopenia using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria, and the dynamic changes of serum biochemical indexes during hospital stay and the effects of malnutrition and possible sarcopenia on the length and cost of hospital stay were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 180 patients were enrolled, with an average age of (56.3±16.1) years, the average height of (164.65±8.29) cm, and the average weight of (62.12±12.12) kg. There were significant differences in body weight, body mass index, calf circumference, lymphocyte count, triglyceride, hemoglobin, albumin and total protein between at discharge and at admission ( P<0.001). There might be a correlation between post-admission malnutrition and sarcopenia. There was neither significant difference in the proportion of patients with malnutrition at admission among different age groups ( P=0.438), nor in that at discharge among different age groups ( P=0.439). The proportion of patients with malnutrition showed no significant difference between subgroups with patients<65 years old and ≥ 65 years old, at admission and discharge ( P>0.05). However, comparison of the proportion of patients with sarcopenia between subgroups with patients<65 years old and ≥65 years old displayed significant differences at admission and discharge ( P<0.001), but not the comparison of the proportion of patients with possible sarcopenia ( P>0.05). The length of hospital stay in patients with malnutrition was significantly longer than that in patients without malnutrition [(13.22±6.24) days vs. (12.08±5.25) days, P<0.001]. The length of hospital stay of patients with and without sarcopenia was also significantly different [(12.87±5.93) days vs. (12.02±5.22) days, P<0.001). Patients with concurrent malnutrition and sarcopenia had longer hospital stay [(14.57±7.15) days vs. (12.07±5.22) days, P<0.001], and higher medical cost [(2.78±2.19) ten thousand Chinese Yuan vs. (2.24±2.33) ten thousand Chinese Yuan, P<0.05)] compared with those without concurrent malnutrition and sarcopenia. Conclusions:A large proportion of patients with digestive disorders were diagnosed with malnutrition and/or possible sarcopenia during hospitalization. There is possible correlation between malnutrition and possible sarcopenia, and both can lead to a longer hospital stay and higher medical cost.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly patients with neurological diseases and the of nutrition, and to explore their association with clinical outcomes.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze 566 elderly patients with neurological diseases in the database of the "National Multicenter Survey on the Dynamic Changes of Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Patients" by using the Global leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria and subjective global assessment(SGA). The two diagnostic tools for malnutrition were compared to explore the correlation between malnutrition and clinical outcomes.Results:Based on the GLIM criteria, 83 cases were diagnosed with malnutrition and the incidence of malnutrition was 14.66%(83/566), with 14.72%(48/326)in men and 14.58%(35/240)in women.Patients with moderate malnutrition accounted for 8.30%(47/566)and patients with severe malnutrition accounted for 6.36%(36/566). According to the SGA, the incidence of moderate malnutrition(SGA Grade B)was 15.55%(88/566), the incidence of severe malnutrition(SGA Grade C)was 1.94%(11/566), and all cases of malnutrition(SGA Grade B+ C)accounted for 17.49% of the participants(99/566). The total length of hospital stay was(15.46±6.49)days in the malnutrition group and(13.55±5.09)days in the non-malnutrition group, with a statistical difference between the two groups( t=-3.02, P<0.01). The body weight of the malnutrition group was significantly lower than non-malnutrition group[(52.0±8.5)kg vs.(65.2±9.6)kg, t=12.92, P<0.01]. There were also statistically significant differences in BMI(19.1±2.7 kg/m 2vs.23.9±2.6 kg/m 2, t=15.48, P<0.01), upper arm circumference[(22.3±2.5)cm vs.(28.3±3.9)cm, t=7.01, P<0.01], and lower leg circumference[(28.9±3.4)cm vs.(32.5±3.3)cm, t=6.81, P<0.01]between the two groups.Laboratory tests showed that there were significant differences in lymphocytes[(5.0±8.5)×10 9/L vs.(9.4±11.8)×10 9/L, t=3.61, P<0.01]and albumin[(38.5±4.4)g/L vs.(40.7±5.1)g/L, t=3.18, P<0.01]between the malnutrition group and the non-malnutrition group.The correlation between GLIM and SGA was good, and the consistency was reasonable(AUC=0.711). Conclusions:The incidence of malnutrition in elderly patients with neurological diseases is relatively high; The GLIM criteria are suitable for the diagnosis of malnutrition in elderly patients with neurological diseases, and the diagnostic results have a good correlation with those of SGA.Malnutrition is associated with anthropometric measurements, laboratory indicators, and clinical outcomes.

Objective:To study the association of frailty status with nutritional risk and the effect on clinical outcomes among elderly surgical inpatients.Methods:Elderly inpatients from the surgery department of Beijing Hospital were enrolled from January to June 2021. Frail scale and nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) were used for frailty evaluation and nutrition risk screening. The influence of frailty and associated nutrition risk in elderly surgical inpatients was analyzed.Results:487 elderly surgical patients were included, of whom 131 cases were in the non-frailty group, 279 cases were in the pre-frailty group and 77 cases were in the frailty group, according to the Frail scale score. 146 cases were at nutritional risk, of whom 8 (6.1% of 131) were in the non-frailty group, 87 (31.2% of 279) in the pre-frailty group and 51 (66.2% of 77) were in the frailty group. According to univariate/multivariate logistic regression analysis of frailty in elderly surgical patients, a higher NRS 2002 score, older age, and the presence of multiple concurrent diseases (≥ 5) were significantly associated with frailty ( P < 0.001). The Frail scale score was positively correlated with NRS 2002 score ( r = 0.448, P < 0.01). Multiple comparisons showed that frailty had statistically significant effects on hospital stay and medical costs in elderly surgical patients ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty is higher in elderly surgical patients, and the prevalence of nutritional risk increases with the progression of frailty. Frailty can lead to prolonged hospital stays and increased hospital costs in elderly surgical patients.

Most hospitalized patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are in severe or critical condition, and malnutrition is a key factor contributing to adverse outcomes. The basic principles of medical nutrition therapy have been determined in the recently released tenth edition of the National Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol. The principles have promoted nutritional risk assessment, emphasized the preferred method of enteral nutrition, and recommended the daily intake of calories at 25 to 30 kcal/kg and protein at > 1.2g/kg. Parenteral nutrition should be also added when necessary. Based on the above principles, Beijing Hospital has refined the medical nutrition therapy measures to facilitate the implementation in clinical practice, in order to improve healthcare quality and decrease the mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between nutritional status and frailty and sarcopenia in geriatric inpatients (GIPs) planning to receive major hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery.Methods:From December, 2020 to September, 2022, GIPs who were planning to receive major HPB surgery were recruited. Nutritional assessment was performed using nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Frailty and sarcopenia assessment were performed using Fried frailty phenotype (FFP) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. The prevalence and concurrence of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia were investigated, and the correlation between nutritional status and frailty and sarcopenia was analyzed.Results:A total of 144 participants at the mean age of (70.10±7.44) years were included. The prevalence of nutritional risk, malnutrition, and severe malnutrition were 73.6% ( n ?=?106), 68.1% ( n ?=?98), and 34.7% ( n ?=?50) respectively. The prevalence of frailty was 20.8% ( n ?=?30) and that of sarcopenia was 35.4% ( n ?=?51). The prevalence of severe malnutrition increased significantly in older participants and the prevalence of nutritional risk, malnutrition and severe malnutrition decreased significantly with higher BMI. The prevalence was 35.4% (51/144) for concurrent sarcopenia and malnutrition, 19.4% (28/144) for frailty and malnutrition, 14.6% (21/144) for sarcopenia and weakness, and 14.6% (21/144) for sarcopenia, malnutrition, and weakness. There was a positive correlation between nutritional risk and frailty ( r = 0.603, P < 0.001). The risk of pre-frailty and frailty in the nutritional risk group was higher than that in the non-nutritional risk group ( χ 2 = 31.830, P < 0.001). The risk of pre-frailty and frailty in the malnutrition group was higher than that in the normal nutrition group ( χ 2 = 36.727, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of frailty in patients with severe malnutrition was 12.303 times higher than that in patients with normal nutrition status (95% CI: 2.592 to 58.409, P = 0.002). The risk of sarcopenia in the nutritional risk group was higher than that in the non-nutritional risk group ( χ 2 = 13.982, P < 0.001). The risk of sarcopenia in the malnutrition group was higher than that in the normal nutrition group ( χ 2 = 37.066, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The prevalence and concurrence rate of malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia are high in GIPs undergoing major HPB surgery. GIPs with malnutrition are susceptible to frailty.

目的:调查分析早期2型糖尿病肾脏病病人饮食结构、实验室指标及人体成分等营养代谢状况.方法:2019年12月到2020年12月在北京医院内分泌科住院,符合中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)中糖尿病及糖尿病肾脏病的诊断标准,早期糖尿病肾病125例病人纳为研究组(DKD组);同期住院的糖尿病非肾病113例病人(Non-DKD组)纳为对照组;分别进行饮食回顾、人体成分测定、营养代谢相关实验室检查等,分析糖尿病肾脏病病人的代谢特点,以及可能影响肾脏功能(肾小球滤过率)的营养代谢相关因素.结果:DKD组饮食中碳水化合物摄入与Non-DKD组比较差异有显著性意义[278(113)g vs 249(93)g,P=0.006],实验室指标中血肌酐、尿素、尿酸、估算肾小球滤过率、浮肿指数、维生素D水平等指标的差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05).其中估算肾小球滤过率[94.42(38.70)mL/min/1.73m2 vs 104.60(84.24)mL/min/1.73m2,P＜0.001],浮肿指数[0.39(0.02)vs 0.39(0.01),P=0.028],维生素D[15.20(11.20)ng/mLvs 16.50(9.30)ng/mL,P=0.038].估算肾小球滤过率与浮肿指数有负相关性(r=-0.474),与白蛋白、维生素D水平等有弱正相关性.结论:2型糖尿病早期肾脏病病人饮食中碳水化合物摄入较多,血浆维生素D水平较低,体成分中浮肿较重;肾脏功能损伤程度与血浆白蛋白和维生素D水平呈正相关.

Objective:To retrospectively investigate the incidence of malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer in China, and to explore the applicability of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria.Methods:Data were extracted from National Multi-center Investigation and Study on Dynamic Changes of Nutritional Status of Inpatients database led by Geriatric Nutrition Support Group of the Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. A retrospective analysis in patients with gastric cancer was conducted. Involuntary weight loss, low body mass index (BMI) and muscle mass loss were adopted as phenotypic indicators in GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis and the application of GLIM criteria for malnutrition diagnosis in patients with gastric cancer was evaluated.Results:In a total of 563 gastric cancer patients, 203 cases were diagnosed with malnutrition per GLIM criteria and 193 cases without malnutrition were identified as control using 1:1 propensity score matching. There were significant differences in body weight, BMI, right calf circumference, right hand grip strength, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, albumin and total protein between malnutrition group and non-malnutrition group ( P < 0.05). After muscle mass loss was removed from the phenotype indicators in GLIM criteria, the hospitalization duration in patients with malnutrition was (16.15±7.04) days compared with (14.28±6.70) days in patients without malnutrition, demonstrating statistically significant difference ( χ2= 0.442, P = 0.007). Conclusions:Gastric cancer patients showed high incidence of malnutrition. The cut-off value of calf circumference reported in foreign populations may be unsuitable to apply in Chinese population. Further clinical researches are needed to determine the optimal cut-off calf circumference value for Chinese individuals.

目的:应用不同营养评定工具(NRS2002、BMI、SGA等),对比观察我国住院期间各类神经系统病人营养状态的动态变化.方法:从中华医学会肠外肠内营养分会老年营养支持学组主持的"全国住院患者营养状况动态变化的多中心调查研究"的数据库中摘取1 043例神经系统疾病病人资料,进行整理分析.对比不同类别的神经系统疾病的病人人院及出院时人体测量、营养风险、营养不良以及临床结局的变化情况.结果:入院时病人营养风险(NRS 2002≥3分)发生率为24.64％(257/1 043),出院时营养风险发生率为27.05％(281/1 039),人院与出院营养风险发生率无明显差异(P=0.21).人院时总营养不良(SGAB+C级)发生率为17.16％(179/1 043),出院时总营养不良发生率为17.32％(180/1 039),组间比较无统计学意义(x2=0.01,P=0.922).在不同类别的神经系统疾病中,出血性疾病病人出院时营养风险、营养不良的发生率均显著高于入院时(P＜0.05).营养不良组的并发症发生率、总住院时间及住院费用均高于无营养不良的病人(P＜0.05).结论:神经系统疾病病人入院时营养风险和营养不良的比例较高,出院时营养状态较入院时无明显改善,并与不良的临床结局相关,需重视及落实对神经系统病人的营养筛查、评定及合理的干预工作.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between nutritional status and frailty among elderly inpatients from cardiology department.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 519 patients aged 65-92 years old who were admitted to cardiology department between September 2018 and February 2019. Mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF) was used to assess the nutritional status. Fried phenotype was used to assess frailty status. The nutritional status and frailty in patients with different diseases, age and body mass index were analyzed, as well as the nutritional status of patients in different frailty strata.Results:The mean age was 75.12 years (range: 65-92 years). The prevalence of malnutrition risk was 28.9% (150/519), malnutrition 3.3% (17/519) and frailty 23.5% (122/519). When stratified by disease, the subgroup with chronic heart failure showed the highest prevalence of malnutrition and frailty (63.6% and 50.0%, respectively). The prevalence of malnutrition risk (22.8%, 35.5%), malnutrition (3.0%, 3.6%) and frailty (15.3%, 32.3%) were higher in patients ≥ 75 years compared with those aged 65 years - 75 years. MNA-SF score was negatively correlated with age( r = -0.134, P = 0.002). Fried phenotype score was positively correlated with age ( r = 0.319, P < 0.01). As for stratification based on BMI, the majority (62.6%) patients were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m 2) and the prevalence of malnutrition risk in this subgroup was 21.2% (69/325). The prevalence of malnutrition risk in patients with normal BMI was 38.7% (70/181). The subgroup with BMI<18.5 were either at malnutrition risk or with malnutrition. MNA-SF score was positively correlated with BMI ( r = 0.353, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty among different BMI groups. The prevalence of malnutrition was the highest in the frailty group (8.2%), followed by the pre-frailty group (2.0%). Fried phenotype score was negatively correlated with MNA-SF score( r = -0.291, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that frailty was an independent risk factor for malnutrition, and the risk of malnutrition in frailty patients was 4.818 (95% CI:1.701～13.644) times higher than that in non-frailty patients. Conclusions:The prevalence of malnutrition risk and frailty was high in the elderly inpatients from cardiology department. Frailty patients had a higher incidence of malnutrition and required more attention.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized elderly patients with cancer in China using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria.Methods:The data of 854 elderly cancer patients were extracted from the database of multi-center investigation and research on the dynamic changes of nutritional status of hospitalized patients in China led by the Geriatric Nutritional Support Group of Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Changes in anthropometrics, nutritional risk and malnutrition prevalence from admission were collected at discharge and were compared among patients with different cancer types.Results:The prevalence of nutritional risk (NRS 2002 score ≥ 3 points) and malnutrition diagnosed per GLIM criteria were 63.23% and 42.74% at admission, and 69.44% and 42.86% at discharge. When further graded, prevalence of moderate malnutrition decreased from 24.12% at admission to 10.07% at discharge, and that of severe malnutrition increased from 18.62% to 32.79%, both with statistical significance. There were significant differences in anthropometric and laboratory parameters between malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups diagnosed per GLIM criteria.Conclusions:The GLIM criteria is applicable for the diagnosis of malnutrition in elderly cancer patients. Elderly cancer patients should be screened for nutritional risk, and GLIM criteria can be used to diagnose malnutrition. The changes of nutritional status should be dynamically monitored during hospitalization

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients with lung cancer in China using the global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) criteria.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed with 623 lung cancer patients selected from the national multi-center prospective investigation database in 2014. The diagnosis of malnutrition was according to GLIM criteria with muscle mass reduction not included. The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with lung cancer was investigated and the correlation between malnutrition diagnosis per GLIM criteria and anthropometry as well as laboratory indexes was explored.Results:Among the 623 lung cancer patients, 33.5% (209) were at nutritional risk as per Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, 17.8% (111) were malnourished as per GLIM criteria. There were significant differences in age, body weight, body mass index, arm circumference, leg circumference, grip strength, hemoglobin, albumin, total protein and prealbumin between malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups as diagnosed with GLIM criteria ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The nutritional risk and malnutrition prevalence in lung cancer patients are relatively high. The nutritional risk screening of lung cancer patients should be standardized and the GLIM criteria can be used for the diagnosis of malnutrition.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Assess the different nutritional status between admission and discharged in older adult patients using the GLIM criteria. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis was conducted on a multicenter study which initiated in 34 hospitals in China with 2734 hospitalized older patients. The dynamic changes of malnutrition according to GLIM criteria were performed between at admission and discharge, and their significance was analyzed using the chi-square test. The association between malnutrition and clinical outcomes was analyzed using the chi-square test, t-test, or rank sum test, and divided into different disease types for further analysis. RESULTS The incidence of nutritional risk in elderly patients was 51.6% at admission and 48.4% at discharge. The prevalence of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria was 19.6% at admission and increased to 33.4% at discharge, which was significantly different. Different age and disease type were related with nutrition status. Malnutrition is significantly association with adverse clinical outcomes such as increased risk of complications and prolonged length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS The GLIM criteria can be used in elderly patients to assess malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in elderly inpatients is high, and the prevalence of malnutrition at discharge is higher than that observed at admission. Attention should be paid to the dynamic changes of malnutrition in elderly patients during hospitalization.

目的:调查并分析呼吸系统疾病患者呼吸困难信念与焦虑状态的关系,为缓解呼吸困难症状患者制订护理措施提供理论依据.方法:选取2019年6月1日～12月1日收治的95例主诉呼吸困难患者作为研究对象,采用改良英国医学研究学会呼吸困难指数(mMRC)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评估患者呼吸困难及焦虑情况;并分析呼吸困难信念、呼吸困难程度分级与焦虑状态的关系.结果:随着mMRC得分的增加,呼吸困难信念中恐惧呼吸困难维度及恐惧活动维度得分呈上升趋势(P<0.05);呼吸困难信念得分越高者,焦虑得分越高(P<0.05).结论:呼吸困难信念是焦虑状态的重要影响因素之一,呼吸困难患者呼吸困难信念越强烈,越容易出现焦虑状态,因此,及时、准确地评估呼吸困难患者的焦虑状态,并给予有效的心理干预及疏导对患者的治疗至关重要.

肿瘤严重危害人类的生命健康,肿瘤患者自身的营养状态与肿瘤疾病的各种临床结局密切相关.由于情绪、肿瘤本身以及抗肿瘤治疗等多重因素,容易导致肿瘤患者摄入不足,存在营养风险,进而可能发生营养不良,因此对于肿瘤患者需要科学的营养治疗.口服营养补充(ONS)作为肠内营养的一种方法,是肿瘤患者最易行、最方便的医学营养治疗方式,且具有较高等级的证据支持,已被多项指南推荐为肿瘤患者肠内营养的首选应用途径.ONS是肿瘤患者营养干预重要的方式之一,无论患者处于肿瘤围手术期、放化疗期间以及恶液质或肿瘤终末期等任何肿瘤的疾病阶段,ONS均适用于营养摄入不达标的患者.选择科学合理的制剂,适当的服用方法,坚持不懈,必定能发挥改善患者的营养状态、帮助患者更好地完成抗肿瘤治疗、减少并发症、提高肿瘤患者的生活质量、优化卫生经济学指标等作用.本文将围绕ONS在肿瘤患者中的临床应用进展进行综述.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of malnutrition in stable-phase elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey, 60 elderly patients with COPD in stable phase were investigated, with 72 elderly patients without COPD in the same age group selected as controls. Differences in basic characteristics, anthropometric indicators, hematology indicators and body composition were compared between the two groups. According to the GLIM diagnostic criteria for malnutrition, the first step is nutritional risk screening, the second step is to diagnose malnutrition, and the third step is to determine severe malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition and severe malnutrition were investigated.Results:The levels of total protein, albumin, creatinine, and lymphocyte percentage in the elderly stable COPD group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The nutritional risk and the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly COPD patients were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the prevalence of severe malnutrition was higher .Conclusions:Elderly stable COPD patients of different age groups have a higher nutritional risk. The onset age of malnutrition is younger than that of non-COPD patients and early intervention is required.

目的 比较老年肌少症性肥胖不同诊断方法的检出率,并分析诊断标准间的一致性.方法 回顾分析2014年12月至2017年7月北京医院营养科696例老年人临床资料,根据"2019亚洲肌少症诊断和治疗共识",将696例老年人分为肌肉减少症组(63例)和非肌肉减少症组(633例).分别采用世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)法,60％体脂率法和体重指数(body mass index,BMI)法的肥胖诊断标准,对比三种方法对老年肌少症性肥胖检出率和诊断一致性.结果 肌肉减少症组BMI、握力、骨骼肌质量及血液白蛋白、甘油三酯和血红蛋白水平低于非肌肉减少症组(P<0.05),而年龄、体脂百分率、合并冠心病率高于非肌肉减少症组(P<0.05).WHO法、60％体脂率法和BMI法对老年肌少症性肥胖症的检出率分别为7.90％、6.75％、0.86％,其中60％体脂率法与WHO法诊断一致性较好(Kappa=0.853,P<0.01);BMI法与WHO法诊断一致性较差(Kappa=0.059,P<0.01),BMI法的检出率明显低于另两种方法(P<0.01).结论 WHO法对老年肌少症性肥胖的检出率最高;60％体脂率法与WHO法的诊断一致性较好;BMI法检出率最低,不能有效检出老年肌少症性肥胖者.

双氢克尿噻、呋塞米等降压药 通过作用于肾脏,影响尿液生成过程、促进电解质和水的排出而降血压.服用排钾利尿药和抗高血压药时,如果吃富含钠的腌肉、腌鱼、咸菜等食物会影响药物疗效.