The skin and mucosal barriers serve as essential frontline defenses, protecting against pathogens, environmental insults, and excessive water loss while maintaining physiological homeostasis. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a plant long utilized in traditional medicine, has recently garnered scientific attention for its therapeutic potential in enhancing barrier integrity. Modern studies reveal that its bioactive compounds—including flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and carotenoids—exert multifaceted pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue-repair properties. These mechanisms not only reinforce barrier function but also mitigate inflammation and accelerate healing. This review synthesizes current evidence on sea buckthorn’s multi-target anti-inflammatory actions and its implications for skin and mucosal health through a unique lens of the inflammatory cascade. By elucidating its molecular and cellular effects across distinct stages of inflammation, we provide a foundation for translating these insights into novel dermatological and mucosal therapeutics. The findings underscore the untapped potential of natural products in barrier protection and regenerative medicine, paving the way for future clinical applications.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing disease with complex pathogenesis. Among them, inflammation is one of the primary pathogenesis of AD. AD is characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes into the skin’s dermis, and the skin homing of lymphocytes plays an essential role in the recurrence of AD. Currently, there is more and more evidence to support this view. This article reviews the relevant role of T lymphocyte skin-homing-related molecules in the recurrence of AD to provide a reference for the cure of AD.

Primary cilia (PC) are essential signaling hubs for proper epithelial formation and the maintenance of skin homeostasis. Found on most cells in the human body, including skin cells, PC facilitate signal transduction that allows ciliated cells to interact with the immune system via multiple pathways, helping to maintain immune system homeostasis. PC can be altered by various microenvironmental stimuli to develop corresponding regulatory functions. Both PC and ciliary signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in the immune processes of various skin lesions. However, the mechanisms by which PC regulate cellular functions and maintain immune homeostasis in tissues are highly complex, and our understanding of them in the skin remains limited. In this paper, we discuss key ciliary signaling pathways and ciliated cells in the skin, with a focus on their immunomodulatory functions. We have compiled evidence from various cells, tissues and disease models to help explore the potential immunomodulatory effects of PC in the skin and their molecular mechanisms.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting tens of millions of people globally. The causal relationship between metabolites and AD pathology has not yet been formally indicated, and the mediating mechanism by which metabolites affect AD has not yet been explored. This study aimed to determine the genetic relationship between metabolites and AD and to determine the pathways through which amino acid metabolites affect AD. Meta-analysis integrates the results of multiple GWAS analyses using METAL software. Using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we analyzed the causal relationships between metabolites and AD. The principal MR test of causal effects was conducted using inverse-variance weighted regression, and we used reverse MR analysis to exclude reverse causality. We also performed the MR-PRESSO test to detect and correct for possible pleiotropic effects, and used the Cochran Q test to assess heterogeneity. Two-step MR was utilized to analyze the mediating factors between amino acid metabolites and the onset of AD. The correlation between mediating factors (inflammatory protein S100A12) and immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the edgeR and GSVA software packages. Using single-cell sequencing data from skin tissues of patients with AD, we studied the regulatory role of the S100A12 gene in immune cells. Multiple drug databases and macromolecular docking were used to search for S100A12-targeting drugs. Bidirectional two-sample MR analyses indicated that twenty-two metabolites and one inflammatory protein (S100A12) were significantly associated with AD pathogenesis. S100A12 is a mediator of amino acid metabolites (N6-methyllysine; N2-acetyl,N6,N6-dimethyllysine and N6,N6-dimethyllysine) that are genetically associated with AD. S100A12 was positively correlated with the infiltration of multiple immune cell types in lesional AD skin. The amino acid metabolites N6-methyllysine; N2-acetyl,N6,N6-dimethyllysine and N6,N6-dimethyllysine influence AD pathogenesis by mediating S100A12 expression.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Mahuang-Lianqiao-Chixiaodou decoction (MLCD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) formula recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases. It is commonly used for clinical treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the potential mechanisms of MLCD intervention in AD combined with mental disorders behaviors such as anxiety and depression remain elusive and deserves further investigation.Aim of the study: The study aims to observe the effect of MLCD on anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in AD mice and explore the possible neuroinflammatory mechanism of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.Materials and methods: The chemical components of MLCD extracts were identified using UHPLC-MS. The AD mice were induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and treated with MLCD or mometasone furoate (MF, as a positive control) for 7 days. The pathological changes in their skin tissue and brain hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Elevated plus-maze test (EPM), open field test (OFT), and the suspended tail (TST) were used to measure the anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors in AD mice. Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins in brain hippocampus were measured by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting (WB).Results: We found that MLCD contain many active ingredients, including ephedrine, Forsythoside A, phillyrin, glycyrrhizic acid, etc. Both MLCD and MF alleviated skin lesions and promoted positive histopathological changes in the hippocampus of AD mince to varying degrees. MLCD however, could further increase their proportion of open arm entry times (Oentries%) in EPM, residence time in the central area (Ctime) and the proportion of the number of times in the central area (Centries%) in OFT significantly. MLCD also reduces their immobility time in TST considerably. Mechanistically, MLCD downregulated the relative mRNA expression and protein level of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1 beta, and IL-18 in hippocampal tissue compared to the model group.Conclusions: MLCD can alleviate anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in AD mice by intervening in the gene and protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related factors, thus treating AD.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Shuyu decoction (SYD), an effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used for treating deficiency-related diseases for thousands of years. Meanwhile, exercise-induced fatigue (EF), a common physiological phenomenon observed in physical training, has been treated as a deficient condition in TCM for decades. Currently, not many studies have been conducted on the effect of SYD on EF and little is known about its underlying pharmacological mechanism.Aim of the study: This current study was designed to assess the anti-fatigue roles of SYD and explore its effect on exercise-induced immune dysfunction.Materials and methods: Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, model (M) group, and SYD group (27.8 g/kg). The M and SYD group were given treadmill training for 6 weeks. From the fourth week, the SYD group was administered SYD intragastrically for 3 consecutive weeks. After three weeks of treatment, the rats were anesthetized, and the blood and spleen tissue samples were dissected. The blood sample was devoted to the blood biochemical-related indicators, which were used to evaluate the anti-fatigue of SYD. The expression of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL -17, CD3(+), and CD4(+) were detected by ELISA and the level of CD8+ of blood was measured through Flow Cytometry (FC). The histopathological changes of spleen tissue samples were determined by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and an estimation of CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) expression of spleen tissues were calculated through FC.Results: Compared with the M group, the SYD group observed an increase in tensile force and the ratio of cortisol to testosterone (TTE/COR), whereas a reduction in the levels of lactic acid (LAC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). ELISA experiments showed that SYD reduced the expressions of IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-alpha, IL-17 and increased the expression of IL-10 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). In the HE test, SYD treatment transformed the structure of the spleen. FC experiments further showed that SYD increased the expressions of CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) in blood and spleen tissues (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that SYD can alleviate EF by improving inflammation and immunity. However, the relationship between inflammatory factors and the related immune response remains to be further investigated.

Background: Sodium ferulate (SF), a derivative of ferulic acid, is one of the active constituents in medicinal plants thought to be useful in fighting cardiovascular diseases. However, there still lacks a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of SF in treating coronary heart disease (CHD). It is therefore the purpose of this study to comprehensively review all clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SF in CHD to assess its efficacy and safety. Methods: All analysis is based on 8 databases as of February 2023, which includes 35 outcomes of RCTs that investigate the effect of SF combination therapy in CHD. The present study evaluates the quality and bias of selected literature by the Jadad scale and Cochrane Collaboration's tools, and also the quality of evidence by GRADE Profiler. Furthermore, it applies sensitivity analysis to assess the high heterogeneity impact of outcomes and conducted subgroup analysis to estimate the influence factors in these studies. The study protocol was set documented, and published beforehand in PROSPERO (Registration No.CRD42022348841). Results: The meta-analysis of 36 studies (with 3207 patients) shows that SF combined with conventional drugs has improved clinical effectiveness for patients with CHD [RR: 1.21 (95% CI 1.17,1.26); p < 0.00001]. Statistically significant results of meta-analyses are also seen in electrocardiography (ECG) efficacy, frequency of angina attacks, endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET), whole Blood low shear rate (LS), platelet aggregation test (PAgT), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL6), triglyceride (TG). Adverse events are reported in 6 RCTs. By GRADE approaches, 2 outcomes (clinical efficacy, CRP) indicate a moderate quality of evidence, 17 outcomes indicate low quality of evidence, with the other 16 very low-quality. Conclusion: SF combination therapy has a better curative effect than conventional therapy. However, due to items with low-quality evidence demonstrated in the study, the presence of clinical heterogeneity, and imprecision in partial outcome measures, all these led to limitations in the evidence of this study. Thus, the conclusion needs to be further verified by more in-depth research.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou decoction (MLCD) in intervening in the “internal and external crosstalk” between skin barrier dysfunction and immune inflammation in an atopic dermatitis-like (AD-like) mouse model via the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pyroptosis pathway. Methods: AD-like model mice were induced with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and treated with MLCD or mometasone furoate gel (MF, positive control) for 7 days. Pathological changes in skin tissue were examined using Masson or methamphetamine blue staining. A smart skin analyzer, flow cytometry, fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were used to observe and evaluate skin barrier dysfunction, immune inflammatory responses, and skin cell pyroptosis in AD-like mice. Results: MLCD and MF improved skin damage and reduced pathological tissue damage and mast cell infiltration in AD-like mice to varying degrees. MLCD significantly reduced skin pigmentation and inflammatory status (P = .005 and P = .038, respectively), increased the percentage of splenic CD4+CD3+ T cells (P = .022), decreased the CD8+CD3+ T cell percentage (P = .044), decreased the CD8+CD3+/CD3+ ratio (P = .031) and increased the CD4+CD3+/CD8+CD3+ ratio (P = .027). MLCD also significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of cell scorch-related factors NLRP3, casp-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 (P = .027, P < .001, P = .012, and P = .039, respectively), as well as the protein expression of NLRP3, casp-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and IL-1β (P = .002, P = .006, P = .004, and P = .035, respectively). Conclusion: MLCD achieved efficacy in the treatment of AD-like mice by interfering with the “internal and external crosstalk” mechanisms of skin barrier dysfunction and immune inflammation mediated by NLRP3 pyroptosis.

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal blood lipid metabolism, inflammation and vascular endothelial injury. Vascular endothelial injury is the initial stage during the occurrence of AS. However, the function and mechanism of anti-AS are not well characterized. Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DGSY) is a classic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription for the treatment of gynecological diseases, and has been widely used in the treatment of AS in recent years. Methods ApoE−/− atherosclerosis male mice were established by feeding with high-fat diet, and then randomly divided into three groups: Atherosclerosis group (AS), Danggui-Shaoyao-San group (DGSY), and Atorvastatin calcium group (X). The mice were administered with the drugs for 16 weeks. Pathological changes in aortic vessels were examined by staining with Oil red O, Masson and hematoxylin–eosin. In addition, blood lipids were analyzed. The level of IL-6 and IL-8 in aortic vessels were detected by ELISA and the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the aortic vascular endothelium were measured by Immunohistochemical. The mRNA expression of interα5β1/c-Abl/YAP in the aortic vessels were measured by Real-time quantitative PCR and location of expression was assessed by immunofluorescence. Results DGSY can significantly reduce the content of TC,TG and LDL-C and increase the level of HDL-C in the serum, reduce the plaque area and inhibit the concentration of IL-6 and IL-8, down-regulate the expression of IVAM-1,VCAM-1 and interα5β1/ c-Abl/YAP in the aortic vessels. Conclusions Collectively, DGSY can alleviate vascular endothelium damage and delay the occurrence of AS, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the multi-target protective of DGSY.

Background: The medical records of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） contain numerous synonymous terms with different descriptions,which is not conducive to computer-aided data mining of TCM. However, there is a lack of models available to normalize synonymous TCM terms. Therefore, construction of a synonymous term conversion（STC） model for normalizing synonymous TCM terms is necessary.Methods: Based on the neural networks of bidirectional encoder representations from transformers（BERT）, four types of TCM STC models were designed: Models based on BERT and text classification, text sequence generation, named entity recognition, and text matching. The superior STC model was selected on the basis of its performance in converting synonymous terms. Moreover, three misjudgment inspection methods for the conversion results of the STC model based on inconsistency were proposed to find incorrect term conversion: Neuron random deactivation, output comparison of multiple isomorphic models, and output comparison of multiple heterogeneous models（OCMH）.Results: The classification-based STC model outperformed the other STC task models. It achieved F1 scores of 0.91, 0.91, and 0.83 for performing symptoms, patterns, and treatments STC tasks, respectively. The OCMH method showed the best performance in misjudgment inspection, with wrong detection rates of 0.80, 0.84, and 0.90 in the term conversion results for symptoms, patterns, and treatments, respectively.Conclusion: The TCM STC model based on classification achieved superior performance in converting synonymous terms for symptoms,patterns, and treatments. The misjudgment inspection method based on OCMH showed superior performance in identifying incorrect outputs.

Objective:To analyze the effects of Danggui Shaoyao Powder and its modified prescriptions on the levels of blood lipid,interleukin-6（IL-6）,interleukin-8（IL-8）,and c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis（AS）ApoE -/- mice.Methods:Seventy-two ApoE -/- mice were randomly divided into a model group,a Danggui Shaoyao Powder group,a Jianpi Huazhuo group,an atorvastatin calcium group,a Huoxue Sanyu group,and a Rougan Huanji group,with 12 mice in each group.The AS model was established by the high-fat diet.Twelve C57 BL/6 J mice were fed with a normal diet and were assigned to the blank group.After one week of adaptive feeding,mice in each group with drug intervention received Chinese medicines by gavage for 16 weeks.An automatic biochemical analyzer was adopted to detect serum total cholesterol（TC）,triacylglycerol（TG）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） levels.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the expression levels of IL-6,IL-8,and JNK in mouse aorta.Results:Compared with the normal group,the model group showed increased TC,TG,and LDL-C,and decreased HDL-C（P ＜0.01）.Compared with the model group,the Danggui Shaoyao Powder group,the Jianpi Huazhuo group,the atorvastatin calcium group,the Huoxue Sanyu group,and the Rougan Huanji group showed decreased levels of TC,TG,and LDL-C and increased HDL-C in AS ApoE -/- mice（P ＜0.01）.Compared with the normal group,the model group showed up-regulated expression of IL-6,IL-8,and JNK（P ＜0.01）.Compared with the model group,the groups with drug intervention showed down-regulated IL-6,IL-8,and JNK expression（P ＜0.01）.Conclusion:Danggui Shaoyao Powder and its modified prescriptions can significantly improve the levels of blood lipids and reduce the levels of inflammation-related factors in mice,thus alleviating the development of AS.Among them,the effect of Jianpi Huazhuo group is more obvious than that of other groups.

Tea has long been valued for its health benefits, especially its potential to prevent and treat atherosclerosis (AS). Abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are major factors that contribute to the development of AS. Tea, which originated in China, is believed to help prevent AS. Research has shown that tea is rich in catechins, which is considered a potential source of natural antioxidants. Catechins are the most abundant antioxidants in green tea, and are considered to be the main compound responsible for tea's antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties of catechins are largely dependent on the structure of molecules, and the number and location of hydroxyl groups or their substituents. As an exogenous antioxidant, catechins can effectively eliminate lipid peroxidation products. They can also play an antioxidant role indirectly by activating the endogenous antioxidant system by regulating enzyme activity and signaling pathways. In this review, we summarized the preventive effect of catechin in AS, and emphasized that improving the antioxidant effect and lipid metabolism disorders of catechins is the key to managing AS.

目的 研究李可古中医流派的用药特点.方法 借助古今医案云平台等统计工具,运用数理统计方法,整理分析李可古中医流派代表性协定处方.结果 李可古中医流派临床处方,高频用药有炙甘草、人参、附子、茯苓、乌梅等48味,以甘味、平性药为主、整方药味多＜13味,剂量集中在100～300g之间.结论 李可古中医流派参悟经典理论及李可思想,结合临床实际,具备药少力专、药量范围宽、重用甘味药等特点,其用药经验对现代临床具有重要的启发性.

目的:研究扶正剔邪搜络方对肺纤维化大鼠不同时相血氧分压的影响.方法:将健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠160 只随机分为假手术组、模型组、扶正剔邪搜络方组、氧疗组、扶正剔邪搜络方+氧疗组,每组32 只.除假手术组外,其余组大鼠气管内推注博莱霉素建立肺纤维化模型.造模24h后,扶正剔邪搜络方组及扶正剔邪搜络方+氧疗组大鼠灌胃给予 0.67 g·kg-1 扶正剔邪搜络方颗粒剂溶液;吸氧组、假手术组和模型组灌胃给予相同体积的生理盐水,每天1 次,连续28 天.吸氧组和扶正剔邪搜络方+氧疗组大鼠每天吸氧2h.给药第7、14、21、28 天时,观察各组大鼠血氧分压变化;电镜下观察模型大鼠肺组织病理变化.结果:模型组肺小动脉内皮细胞肿胀,树状突起,凸向管腔,膜平滑肌增厚,内弹力板粗细不均匀,随着时间延长,大鼠肺泡纤维化越严重.与假手术组比较,第7、14、21、28 天时,模型组血氧分压均明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,第 7、14、21、28 天时,扶正剔邪搜络方组血氧分压均明显改善(P<0.01);第14 天时,氧疗组血氧分压明显改善(P<0.01);第7、14、21天时,扶正剔邪搜络方+氧疗组血氧分压明显改善(P<0.05).结论:扶正剔邪搜络方对肺纤维化大鼠血氧分压有明显的改善作用.

目的 观察葛根芩连汤对2,4-二硝基氟苯(2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene,DNFB)诱导的特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)模型小鼠的干预作用及潜在作用机制.方法 24只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、中药组(葛根芩连汤治疗)和对照组(糠酸莫米松治疗).DNFB反复刺激皮肤致敏诱导AD小鼠模型.观测各组小鼠皮损评估、皮肤组织病理学、皮肤pH值、经皮水分流失、搔抓行为及血清总免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量.逆转录—聚合酶链式反应(quantitative Real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)法测定丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的mRNA的表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Weston blot,WB)检测丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的蛋白表达水平.结果(1)治疗前,与正常组相比,模型组背部皮肤有明显的红斑水肿,并可见结痂、鳞屑、皮肤肥厚增生;搔抓次数明显增多,经皮失水及皮肤pH值显著升高;经治疗,与模型组比较,中药组与对照组皮肤损伤情况改善,搔抓次数、经皮失水、皮肤pH值显著降低(P<0.05);(2)治疗前,模型组小鼠血清总IgE、IL-6、IL-10水平均与正常组有显著差异;经治疗,中药组、对照组总IgE、IL-6水平与模型组相比含量降低(P<0.05);(3)与正常组比较,模型组qRT-PCR显示丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的表达水平降低;WB显示丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1蛋白的含量降低;经治疗,中药组、对照组丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的基因表达水平增高;丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1蛋白含量增高(P<0.05);(4)皮肤病理学显示与正常组相比,模型组表皮层存在不完全角化,颗粒层和棘层皮肤增厚,表皮、真皮层均有大量炎细胞浸润;经治疗,中药组及对照组小鼠表皮层角化不全程度较轻,颗粒层、棘层皮肤轻微增厚,炎细胞浸润减轻.结论 葛根芩连汤可以减轻AD模型小鼠皮损程度,减少搔抓次数,有效降低经皮失水、皮肤pH值,下调小鼠血清IgE、IL-6水平,上调丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的表达,抑制炎症反应和改善皮肤屏障,为中医"皮应大肠"理论和皮肤病从肠论治提供了实验依据.

目的 在辨证论治思想指导下构建中医主题词自动标引模型,为相关研究提供参考.方法 收集2019年12月-2020年12月中国中医科学院"名医名家传承"项目管理平台记录的22位名老中医电子病历,在辨证论治思想指导下对病历中的症状和证候进行主题词标引,并采用Tensorflow人工智能模型构建工具、双向编码表示(BERT)语言处理模型、Sigmoid函数及统一计算架构(CUDA)技术构建中医主题词自动标引模型,以准确率、精确率、召回率、F1得分为指标对模型进行评价.结果 在对症状和证候的主题词标引中,基于BERT的中医主题词自动标引模型各项指标表现最优,精确率与召回率均达87％以上.结论 本研究在辨证论治思想指导下构建的中医主题词自动标引模型可高效自动提取电子病历中的症状和证候信息,可为大数据背景下的中医数据挖掘及辨证论治规律研究提供有效工具.

"喘而汗出""汗出而喘"分别见于《伤寒论》葛根芩连汤证与麻杏甘石汤证,被视为两方证的辨证要点之一.本文通过解读《伤寒论》原文两个方证,提出"而"有因果和强调之义,不仅突出了"汗出""喘"在辨病位、病因、病性、病势中的重要意义,而且反映了邪热在"皮""肺""肠"之间动态串扰势态,与现代医学基于皮肤、肺、肠疾病存在共病风险临床证据而提出的"肺—皮轴""肠—肺轴""肠—皮轴"不谋而合,为临床创新皮肤、肺、肠相关难治性疾病治法提供了思路.

北宋校正医书局校订刊行的《黄帝内经素问》《伤寒论》《金匮要略》《脉经》《千金要方》《千金翼方》《外台秘要》等重要医书,是研究医学问题的珍贵资料.本文根据宋校医书关于药秤的说明及其药用单位的使用情况,参考未经宋校《新雕孙真人千金方》相关材料,结合北宋校正医书局主要成员的身份特点、学术背景及其整理中医古籍的思想理念、方式方法等,考证出北宋校正医书局所校《金匮要略》《千金要方》《千金翼方》《外台秘要》等书采用小秤制,其量值等同于"百黍为铢制"的汉秤.