Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure. Current pharmacological treatments are often associated with significant side effects and poor patient compliance. In recent years, food bioactives—such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and saponins—have attracted growing interest for their multi-target and low-toxicity profiles in the prevention and management of OP. This review systematically elaborates the protective roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of these compounds against OP. Polyphenols exert beneficial effects through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bone metabolism-regulating properties, as well as via modulation of the gut–bone axis. Their mechanisms involve key signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), Hippo/YAP, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/HIF-1α, and Wnt/β-catenin. Carotenoids, which are potent antioxidants, contribute to a reduced risk of OP by alleviating oxidative stress and cellular senescence, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Saponins regulate bone remodeling bidirectionally through pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG). They also inhibit NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and downregulate osteoclast-related transcription factors, including c-Fos and NFATc1. Given their efficacy and safety, food bioactives represent a valuable source of novel nutraceuticals for bone health.

Depression, marked by persistent low mood and anhedonia, poses significant global health challenges, whereas mainstream antidepressants like SSRIs often have delayed onset and limited efficacy. Yueju Pill, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formulated 800 years ago to treat “stagnation syndrome”, which overlaps with depression. Yueju pill has been shown to have the rapid onset and sustained antidepressant potential since 2013. It has been revealed to have similarities to the prototype rapid antidepressant ketamine in neuroplasticity mechanisms, including instant stimulation of protein synthesis signaling in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, subsequently enhancing expressions of BDNF and synaptic proteins. More recently, some targets and compound substrates that were not known before have been revealed from Yueju pill, and some clinical evidence has been provided. This review will focus on the advances in the discovery of a novel target, the neuropeptide PACAP in the hippocampus for the onset of depression treatment, the study paradigm employed to identify the synergism of the composing compounds in Yueju pill targeting PACAP, the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and gut-brain axis, and clinical trials showing fast alleviation of depression symptoms by adjunct or monotherapy with Yueju pill, in relationship to the improvement in serum BDNF levels. The perspective for a broader use of Yueju pill as a therapeutic avenue for depression and further mechanistic and clinical research directions is also provided.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Previous study has demonstrated lancao decoction (LC), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fomula and recorded in “Huangdineijing”, has a therapeutic effect on cognitive impairment (early clinical manifestations of alzheimer's disease (AD), which suggests that LC may have potential therapeutic advantages for AD. Whether LC has the therapeutic effect on AD and its potential mechanisms were still further indicated. Aim of the study In this study, we aimed to uncover the potential advantage and neuronal mechanisms of LC in the treatment of AD in APP/PS1 mice in the hippocampus. Methods and materials We chose APP/PS1 mice to combing with behavioral tests including morris water maze (MWM) or y-maze to determine the role of LC in the therapeutic actions of AD. Network pharmacology was used to screen potential targets and pathways involving in LC's treatments of AD. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylated expressions of proteins in hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice in the hippocampus. Pharmacological interventions were used to elucidate the relationship between the role of LC in the treatment of AD and the pathway, as well as the upstream and downstream interactions with neuronal activities. Results According to our previous LC effective dose (2.5 g/kg), the dose was also able to significantly reduce the latency to the platform, and significantly increase the number of crossing times and time spend in the target quadrant in APP/PS1 mice in MWM, which was consistent with donepezil (DON) after 14 days chronic treatments. Network pharmacology showed that PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways were closely associated with LC's treatments of AD, and protein autophosphorylation played a role in this process. The phosphorylated expressions of PI3K and AKT were obviously reduced in APP/PS1 mice in the hippocampus, which were both reversed by LC or DON. The phosphorylated expressions of MAPK including P38, JNK and ERK were also significantly reduced in APP/PS1 mice hippocampus, but only the phosphorylated expression of ERK was reversed by LC or DON. Inhibiting the activities of PI3K/AKT pathway by LY294002 blocked LC's improvement of behavioral deficits in APP/PS1 mice, including reducing latency to platform and increasing the number of crossings time in MWM in APP/PS1 mice, which also blunted LC's up-regulated phosphorylated expressions of PI3K, AKT and ERK in the hippocampus. Moreover, suppressing the activities of ERK by PD98059 also blocked LC's improvement of AD-related behavioral deficits including decreasing latency to new arm and increasing time in new arm in y-maze test, which also inhibited LC's enhancement of synaptic proteins (PSD95 and synapsin1) in the hippocampus and the number of EGR1-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Conclusions Take together, our study revealed that LC had the therapeutic effects on AD by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to enhance ERK activity and further strengthened neuronal activities in the hippocampus.

Objective:To analyze the effects of Danggui Shaoyao Powder and its modified prescriptions on the levels of blood lipid,interleukin-6（IL-6）,interleukin-8（IL-8）,and c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis（AS）ApoE -/- mice.Methods:Seventy-two ApoE -/- mice were randomly divided into a model group,a Danggui Shaoyao Powder group,a Jianpi Huazhuo group,an atorvastatin calcium group,a Huoxue Sanyu group,and a Rougan Huanji group,with 12 mice in each group.The AS model was established by the high-fat diet.Twelve C57 BL/6 J mice were fed with a normal diet and were assigned to the blank group.After one week of adaptive feeding,mice in each group with drug intervention received Chinese medicines by gavage for 16 weeks.An automatic biochemical analyzer was adopted to detect serum total cholesterol（TC）,triacylglycerol（TG）,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） levels.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the expression levels of IL-6,IL-8,and JNK in mouse aorta.Results:Compared with the normal group,the model group showed increased TC,TG,and LDL-C,and decreased HDL-C（P ＜0.01）.Compared with the model group,the Danggui Shaoyao Powder group,the Jianpi Huazhuo group,the atorvastatin calcium group,the Huoxue Sanyu group,and the Rougan Huanji group showed decreased levels of TC,TG,and LDL-C and increased HDL-C in AS ApoE -/- mice（P ＜0.01）.Compared with the normal group,the model group showed up-regulated expression of IL-6,IL-8,and JNK（P ＜0.01）.Compared with the model group,the groups with drug intervention showed down-regulated IL-6,IL-8,and JNK expression（P ＜0.01）.Conclusion:Danggui Shaoyao Powder and its modified prescriptions can significantly improve the levels of blood lipids and reduce the levels of inflammation-related factors in mice,thus alleviating the development of AS.Among them,the effect of Jianpi Huazhuo group is more obvious than that of other groups.

目的 探讨当归芍药散及其拆方对动脉粥样硬化载脂蛋白基因E敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠血小板聚集率和内皮细胞粘附分子的影响.方法 72 只ApoE-/-小鼠给予高脂饮食饲养,随机分为模型组、当归芍药散组、柔肝缓急组、健脾化浊组、活血散瘀组和阿托伐他汀钙组,每组 12 只.12只普通C57BL/6J小鼠作为空白对照组,给予普通饮食饲养.各组小鼠持续灌胃干预16 周后,剥离小鼠主动脉,使用改良油红O对主动脉进行染色,使用Image-pro plus 6.0 图像处理软件计算小鼠主动脉斑块面积百分比;通过比浊法检测血小板聚集率,并给予活血散瘀疗效评价;免疫组化法检测小鼠主动脉血管内皮细胞间粘附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)、血管细胞粘附分子-1(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,VCAM-1)表达.结果 (1)与正常组相比,模型组小鼠油红O染色斑块面积占比、血小板聚集率以及主动脉血管ICAM-1、VCAM-1 表达显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)与模型组相比,各给药组均能降低小鼠斑块面积占比、血小板聚集率、主动脉血管ICAM-1、VCAM-1 表达水平,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),活血散瘀疗效评价显示,当归芍药散组以及活血散瘀组对ApoE-/-小鼠活血散瘀疗效显著(P<0.05).结论 当归芍药散及其拆方均能不同程度的减少ApoE-/-小鼠斑块面积、降低血小板聚集率、减少ICAM-1、VCAM-1 的表达.其中活血散瘀方剂要素在降低血小板聚集率和调节粘附因子方面疗效显著.

Numbers of vertebrae is an important economic trait associated with body size and meat productivity in animals. However, the genetic basis of vertebrae number in donkey remains to be well understood. The aim of this study was to identify candidate genes affecting the number of thoracic (TVn) and the number of lumbar vertebrae (LVn) in Dezhou donkey. A genome-wide association study was conducted using whole genome sequence data imputed from low-coverage genome sequencing. For TVn, we identified 38 genome-wide significant and 64 suggestive SNPs, which relate to 7 genes (NLGN1, DCC, SLC26A7, TOX, WNT7A, LOC123286078, and LOC123280142). For LVn, we identified 9 genome-wide significant and 38 suggestive SNPs, which relate to 8 genes (GABBR2, FBXO4, LOC123277146, LOC123277359, BMP7, B3GAT1, EML2, and LRP5). The genes involve in the Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways and may play an important role in embryonic development or bone formation and could be good candidate genes for TVn and LVn.

Pentaxin 3（PTX3）,as a multifunctional glycoprotein,plays an important role in regulating inflammatory response,promoting tissue repair,inducing ectopic calcification and maintaining bone homeostasis.The effect of PTX3 on bone mineral density（BMD） may be affected by many factors.In PTX3 knockout mice and osteoporosis（OP） patients,the deletion of PTX3 will lead to decrease of BMD.In Korean community "Dong-gu study",it was found that plasma PTX3 was negatively correlated with BMD of femoral neck in male elderly patients.In terms of bone related cells,PTX3 plays an important role in maintaining the phenotype and function of osteoblasts（OB） in OP state;for osteoclast（OC）,PTX3 in inflammatory state could stimulate nuclear factor κ receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand（RANKL） production and its combination with TNFstimulated gene 6（TSG-6） could improve activity of osteoclasts and promote bone resorption;for mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）,PTX3 could promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.In recent years,the role of PTX3 as a new bone metabolism regulator in OP and fracture healing has been gradually concerned by scholars.In OP patients,PTX3 regulates bone mass mainly by promoting bone regeneration.In the process of fracture healing,PTX3 promotes fracture healing by coordinating bone regeneration and bone resorption to maintain bone homeostasis.In view of the above biological characteristics,PTX3 is expected to become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of OP and other age-related bone diseases and fracture healing.

目的 观察葛根芩连汤对2,4-二硝基氟苯(2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene,DNFB)诱导的特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)模型小鼠的干预作用及潜在作用机制.方法 24只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、中药组(葛根芩连汤治疗)和对照组(糠酸莫米松治疗).DNFB反复刺激皮肤致敏诱导AD小鼠模型.观测各组小鼠皮损评估、皮肤组织病理学、皮肤pH值、经皮水分流失、搔抓行为及血清总免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量.逆转录—聚合酶链式反应(quantitative Real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)法测定丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的mRNA的表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Weston blot,WB)检测丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的蛋白表达水平.结果(1)治疗前,与正常组相比,模型组背部皮肤有明显的红斑水肿,并可见结痂、鳞屑、皮肤肥厚增生;搔抓次数明显增多,经皮失水及皮肤pH值显著升高;经治疗,与模型组比较,中药组与对照组皮肤损伤情况改善,搔抓次数、经皮失水、皮肤pH值显著降低(P<0.05);(2)治疗前,模型组小鼠血清总IgE、IL-6、IL-10水平均与正常组有显著差异;经治疗,中药组、对照组总IgE、IL-6水平与模型组相比含量降低(P<0.05);(3)与正常组比较,模型组qRT-PCR显示丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的表达水平降低;WB显示丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1蛋白的含量降低;经治疗,中药组、对照组丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的基因表达水平增高;丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1蛋白含量增高(P<0.05);(4)皮肤病理学显示与正常组相比,模型组表皮层存在不完全角化,颗粒层和棘层皮肤增厚,表皮、真皮层均有大量炎细胞浸润;经治疗,中药组及对照组小鼠表皮层角化不全程度较轻,颗粒层、棘层皮肤轻微增厚,炎细胞浸润减轻.结论 葛根芩连汤可以减轻AD模型小鼠皮损程度,减少搔抓次数,有效降低经皮失水、皮肤pH值,下调小鼠血清IgE、IL-6水平,上调丝聚合蛋白、密封蛋白1的表达,抑制炎症反应和改善皮肤屏障,为中医"皮应大肠"理论和皮肤病从肠论治提供了实验依据.

目的 在辨证论治思想指导下构建中医主题词自动标引模型,为相关研究提供参考.方法 收集2019年12月-2020年12月中国中医科学院"名医名家传承"项目管理平台记录的22位名老中医电子病历,在辨证论治思想指导下对病历中的症状和证候进行主题词标引,并采用Tensorflow人工智能模型构建工具、双向编码表示(BERT)语言处理模型、Sigmoid函数及统一计算架构(CUDA)技术构建中医主题词自动标引模型,以准确率、精确率、召回率、F1得分为指标对模型进行评价.结果 在对症状和证候的主题词标引中,基于BERT的中医主题词自动标引模型各项指标表现最优,精确率与召回率均达87％以上.结论 本研究在辨证论治思想指导下构建的中医主题词自动标引模型可高效自动提取电子病历中的症状和证候信息,可为大数据背景下的中医数据挖掘及辨证论治规律研究提供有效工具.

目的:探讨麻黄连轺赤小豆汤对不同时期特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)模型小鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响.方法:采用随机数字表法将120只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、糠酸莫米松组和麻黄连轺赤小豆汤组.除正常组外,其余组小鼠采用2,4-二硝基氟苯(2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene,DNFB)反复刺激皮肤建立AD动物模型.于实验第4、18、32、39天4个时间点分别进行药物干预,麻黄连轺赤小豆汤组灌胃给予麻黄连轺赤小豆汤(11.98 g·kg-1·d-1),每日2次;糠酸莫米松组于小鼠皮损处均匀涂抹适量0.1％糠酸莫米松凝胶,每日2次;正常组和模型组给予等量常温蒸馏水灌胃,每日2次;每个时间点连续干预7 d.于第11、25、39、46天4个时间点分别考察各组小鼠皮损评分、皮肤组织病理学、皮肤酸碱度(pondus hydrogenii,pH)及经皮水分散失(trans epidermal water loss,TEWL)情况.结果:与正常组相比,AD模型组小鼠整个观察周期各时间点皮损评分、TEWL值均明显升高(P＜0.01);第11、25、39天3个观测点pH值均明显升高(P＜0.01).与模型组相比,麻黄连轺赤小豆汤组小鼠第39、46天两个时间点TEWL值显著下降(P＜0.01);第11、25、39天3个观测点皮肤pH值均明显降低(P＜0.01).HE染色发现AD模型组小鼠四个观察点皮肤组织表现依次为:表皮增厚,以棘细胞层增厚为主→表皮增厚,棘细胞层增生变厚→表皮增厚,棘细胞层显著增厚→表皮增厚减轻,棘细胞层增生减轻等;而麻黄连轺赤小豆汤可明显改善模型小鼠皮肤病理改变.皮损评分、TEWL值、pH值的相关分析发现,皮损评分、pH值、TEWL值三者呈正相关关系,可共同加重皮肤屏障功能障碍.结论:麻黄连轺赤小豆汤可有效改善AD模型小鼠皮肤屏障功能,以亚急性期治疗效果最佳.

目的:对大柴胡汤及其"方剂要素"对NAFLD模型大鼠"肠-肝轴"作用机制进行相关分析,揭示大柴胡汤的配伍规律.方法:105只大鼠分为正常组、模型组、盐酸吡格列酮组、疏肝利胆组、健脾化痰组、通腑泄浊组、大柴胡汤组,按照方法造模及给药,检测"肝轴"及"肠轴"相关指标,采用Critic法进行综合评价.结果:与正常组比较,模型组"肝轴"以及"肠轴"各个指标权重之和Z总1、Z总2差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,盐酸吡格列酮组、疏肝利胆组、通腑泄浊组以及大柴胡汤组"肝轴"各个指标权重之和Z总1差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),盐酸吡格列酮组、健脾化痰组、通腑泄浊组以及大柴胡汤组"肠轴"各个指标权重之和Z总2差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).肠道菌群分析显示,通腑泄浊方剂要素对改善NAFLD模型大鼠肠道菌群优势显著,能提高NAFLD大鼠肠道菌群中拟杆菌属、萨特氏菌属、假丁酸弧菌属细菌和Akkermansia muciniphila等有益菌的相对丰度.结论:大柴胡汤中疏肝利胆方剂要素主要通过疏利肝胆作用显著调节肝脏脂质代谢以及肝脏免疫功能,即调节"肝轴";大柴胡汤中健脾化痰方剂要素主要通过健运脾胃、化痰作用改善肠黏膜屏障功能,即调节"肠轴";大柴胡汤中通腑泄浊方剂要素主要调节肠道菌群;大柴胡汤全方则可同时作用于"肝轴"和"肠轴",对NAFLD模型大鼠起治疗作用.

目的:探讨麻黄连翘赤小豆汤对特应性皮炎(AD)小鼠皮损修复及PAR-2、TRPA1的表达的影响.方法:选用SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠48只,随机分为正常组、模型组、激素组、中药组.除正常组外,各组用2,4二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导AD模型.造模后模型组给予皮炎平外抹,中药组给予麻黄连翘赤小豆汤灌胃,其余均给予等量蒸馏水灌胃,2次/d,共7 d.于第1、15、31、37天观察小鼠一般状态及搔抓行为并统计,HE染色观察致敏区域的皮肤病理变化,qRT-PCR、免疫组化分别检测皮肤中PAR-2、TRPA1的基因与蛋白表达.结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠搔抓频次显著增多,致敏皮肤处有明显红斑渗出,局部潮红,皮肤增厚,伴有结痂.中药组、激素组较模型组明显改善.病理显示模型组较正常组棘层明显增厚,角化珠增多,毛囊结构明显增多,角化层明显增厚,见炎性细胞浸润,表皮不平整;激素组、中药组角化层及棘层增厚,角化珠及毛囊结构略有增多,较模型组改善明显.模型组小鼠皮肤组织中PAR-2、TRPA1的mRNA的表达较正常小鼠均显著性上调(P<0.05),经过中药、激素干预后,其表达均下调显著(P<0.01).与正常组比较,模型组皮肤组织PAR-2、TRPA1免疫反应阳性均明显增多,角质形成细胞处最为显著;中药组、模型组表达较模型组均有所降低.结论:麻黄连翘赤小豆汤改善AD皮损、减轻皮肤瘙痒,下调PAR-2、TRPA1的表达,进而调控非组胺依赖性神经信号传导有关.

目的:探索构建适用于中医学领域的分词模型.方法:采用基于SentencePiece的无监督学习分词方法,提出利用出版教材、名家著作及中医临床病历这3种不同类型的文献构建中医学分词模型;选择中医临床病历、名医医案作为测试集进行模型测试.结果:中医学分词模型在测试集中的Kappa系数为0.79(一致性程度很高),准确率为0.84,宏观精确率为0.84,宏观召回率为0.83,宏观f1得分为0.83.结论:所构建的分词模型对于中医学专业术语有着较好的切分效果,表明该方法可运用于中医学领域的分词模型的构建,可为进一步地研究中医学分词提供方法学参考.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic Ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: This retrospective review investigated 56 patients with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Among them, 26 patients received conventional therapy (group C, intravenous methylprednisolone), and 30 received conventional therapy supplemented with Ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone (group G). Pure tone audiometry was measured before treatment and 1 month after treatment. The average pure tone audiometry gain, pure tone audiometry gain at each frequency, pure tone audiometry gain according to initial hearing loss, and rate of effectiveness were defined as functionally relevant recovery of hearing and compared between the two groups. Results: The average pure tone audiometry gain was significantly greater in group G (20.6 ? 15.1 dB) than in group C (11.9 ? 13.3 dB) (p = 0.025), with similar trends at 250, 1 k, and 8 k Hz. In the subgroup of patients with profound hearing loss (initial pure tone audiometry >70 dB), hearing gain was significantly higher in group G (26.7 ? 14.4 dB) than in C (5.5 ? 9.0 dB) (p = 0.034). In the mild-moderate hearing loss subgroup (initial pure tone audiometry ?70 dB), the pure tone audiometry gain did not differ significantly (group G: 18.4 ? 14.3 dB; group C: 13.0 ? 13.4 dB) (p = 0.209). The overall rate of effectiveness was 73.3% and 57.7% in groups G and C, respectively; however, the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.218). Conclusions: Compared with conventional therapy alone, supplementary systemic administration of Ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone to treat sudden sensorineural hearing loss could improve hearing recovery, especially, in patients with profound hearing loss.

竹叶石膏汤出自《伤寒论》第397条,主治伤寒解后,虚羸少气,气逆欲吐者.竹叶石膏汤证病机为余热仍炽、津气两伤、痰饮内停,其主证除虚羸少气、气逆欲吐外,尚有发热、心烦、便秘溲赤、潮热盗汗、舌红少苔或苔白腻、苔薄黄腻等.临床应视"虚""热""湿"之盛衰而变化方中药、量,随证加减用之.

留学生群体受网络状态、时差、语言等因素影响,在疫情防控阶段开展线上教学环境复杂.面向该群体设计有针对性的教学方案是落实"停课不停教,停课不停学"的关键.通过反复调研后,在课程思政与有效教学理论指导下,确定以在线视频学习、有声PPT录制、Ding talk直播以及问卷星测试等为主的混合式教学手段,并结合伤寒论课程特点,通过以原文背诵为先导、以考促学贯穿式、以互动教学为连接和测试调研勤反馈为主要形式展开教学活动.通过教学评价调研反馈,超过90％的留学生认可当前伤寒论的教学手段和方式.

通过查阅《伤寒论》相关条文,并结合典籍论述,认为太阳病的误下并不都是因为张仲景时代之前的医家医疗水平低下,更多是由于太阳病自身证机特殊,易与他经混淆、易与他经同病以及兼有他证的复杂因素而被误下.分析太阳病误下的原因可以提高正确治疗太阳病的能力,避免疾病恶化.

目的 研究康莱特注射液临床应用的适宜性,为临床安全用药提供合理依据.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,通过医院信息系统,选取北京中医药大学东方医院2018年1月1日—2018年12月31日期间所有使用康莱特注射液的住院患者信息,利用Clementine 12.0、SPSS 19.0、Excel等统计学软件结合药品说明书,分析康莱特注射液的临床使用情况、不良反应发生率、是否存在不合理用药等内容.结果 与结论 康莱特注射液的用法用量符合说明书要求,在适应证及用药疗程方面稍有偏差.

目的:观察大柴胡汤及其拆方(方剂要素)对非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)大鼠模型"肝-肠轴"肝、肠形态学的影响.方法:采用随机数字表法将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、盐酸吡格列酮组、大柴胡汤组、疏肝利胆组、健脾化痰组、通腑泄浊组.采用高脂高糖饲料喂养16周建立NAFLD模型,并于第13～16周分别给予大柴胡汤及拆方.造模结束后,取小肠组织,电镜观察细胞间紧密连接情况,采用HE染色、油红O染色、Masson染色观察各组大鼠肝组织.结果:模型组肠细胞间隙明显增大,紧密连接程度降低,各给药组细胞间隙均有不同程度地减小,以全方组最为显著;正常组大鼠肝细胞结构正常,模型组大鼠部分肝细胞呈气球样变性,见不同程度脂滴形成,各给药组较模型组脂滴情况均有不同程度减轻.结论:大柴胡汤及其拆方均能不同程度地改善NAFLD模型大鼠肝细胞脂肪变及肠细胞紧密连接情况,并以全方共用效果尤著,疏肝利胆、健脾化痰、通腑泄浊等治法联合运用对改善NAFLD具有较好的疗效.

In China, donkeys are raised for fur, meat, and milk. Reproduction and breeding are crucial to maintain the donkey industry, and conventional breeding is currently applied. This study explored functional factors related to spermatogenesis, maturation, and storage and to identify molecular markers associated with donkey reproduction by analyzing the regulatory elements and target genes in testis and epididymidis. This research is essential to extending donkey genetic information resources and will lay a foundation for molecular breeding. High-throughput sequencing techniques can analyze genetic variations and candidate genes related to different traits. In this study, we identified 6,097 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between testis and cauda epididymidis, including 1,245 transcription factors (TFs). We also found putative SNPs located in coding regions. Alternative splicing events of expressed genes were identified, among which skipping exon and alternative 3′ splice site events were the most ubiquitous. We obtained 169 miRNAs that were differentially expressed. 5,285 DE-targets were involved in 286 pathways according to KEGG functional annotations, including focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, actin cytoskeleton regulation, rap1 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway possibly related to spermatogenesis. We have distinguished pivotal DEGs (Col6a2, ITGA4, ITGA6, ITGB1, PRKCA, and AKT1), three TFs (COL6A3, AKT1, and KIT), and some miRNAs (miR-141, let-7, miR-148, and miR-221). These high-quality transcriptome and microRNA data of donkey testis and epididymis will facilitate functional studies on the donkey genome. The identified DE-targets and DE-microRNAs are candidate factors for donkey reproduction traits and can be applied to molecular breeding programs.