为筛选出在植物工厂条件下能促进番杏生长的最佳光照强度,本试验通过调节LED灯光强,研究了不同光照强度对番杏生长和品质的影响.结果表明:(1)在光照强度150 μmol/(m2·s)处理下,番杏株高、茎粗、根长、叶面积、侧枝长、叶片数等农艺性状均最佳;(2)在光照强度为150 μmol/(m2·s)时,番杏叶绿素a、b及总叶绿素含量最高,叶绿素荧光参数中,电子传递效率(ETR)最大,光系统PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学淬灭系数(qp)数值虽较高,但并未呈显著性变化,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则随光强增加而增加;(3)在光照强度为150 μmol/(m2·s)时,番杏糖类化合物、可滴定酸、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、黄酮类化合物等品质指标均表现为最佳状态,粗纤维与单宁含量变化不大,硝酸盐含量最低.综上所述,光照强度150 μmol/(m2·s)时有利于番杏生长发育及品质提高.

为探究光周期对番杏[Tetragonia tetragonoides(Pall.)Kuntze]生长及品质的影响,利用植物工厂中光源高度可控的优势对番杏进行不同光照时间(8、10、12、14、16 h)处理,测定分析番杏的生长、光合特性及营养品质.结果表明:(1)番杏各农艺性状随光照时间延长而增长,在光照时间14 h与16 h处理之间未呈显著性差异(P＜0.05);(2)适宜光周期有利于光合色素积累,在16 h处理下叶绿素a、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量最大,叶绿素b含量则在14 h光照时最大;净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)随光照时间延长上升,其中净光合速率在14 h与16 h光照之间变化不显著,胞间CO2(Ci)则呈先降后升的趋势;光周期变化对最大光化学效率F√Fm与光化学淬灭系数qP未造成显著影响,非光化学淬灭系数NPQ随光照时间延长呈先降后升的趋势,14-16 h光照处理之间变化不显著,电子传递效率ETR则随光周期延长而降低;(3)不同光周期对番杏各营养成分含量的影响有所差异,可溶性蛋白变化差异较小,硝酸盐随光照时间延长而降低,14 h光照下可溶性糖含量最大.本研究表明14-16 h光照处理有利于番杏生长和营养物质积累.

Low temperature stresses (-3 and -5 °C) were simulated using artificial temperature-controlled phytotrons to study the freezing rate, the contents of endogenous hormones, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the leaves of wheat plants of Yangmai 16 (YM 16) and Xumai 30 (XM 30) at jointing stage. The grade and index of freezing injury increased with lower temperature and longer stress. The freezing rate was at the 5th level and the main stems and tillers of both cultivars were finally dead under -5 °C lasting for 72 h. On the last day of stress initiation, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin riboside (ZR), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide dismutase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in leaves increased at the beginning and then declined as low temperature progressed. On the 3rd day after stress, the contents of ABA and ZR and the activities of antioxidative enzymes were higher than those on the last day of cold stress, and then reduced to the level of the control on the 6th day after stress. The content of gibberellins (GA3) was lowered by cold stress. For YM 16, GA3 content increased from the 3rd day to the 6th day after cold stress, whereas, for XM 30, it increased first and then decreased. For the treatment of -5 °C lasting for 72 h, the contents of hormones and the activities of antioxidative enzymes were significantly lower than those of the other treatments. Correlation analyses showed that higher ABA and ZR contents, and higher SOD, POD and CAT activities as well as lower GA3 content could alleviate the low-temperature injury in wheat plants under low temperature stress.

In order to study the impact of different high temperatures on grain viability after anthesis of spring wheat,two spring wheat varieties Ningchun 4 and Ningchun 47 which were main cultivars in Ningxia were used as the test materials to do the pot cultivation experiment under the controlled high temperature(35±2)℃and room temperature(27±2)℃ and seedling growth and grain vigor were detected after the temperature treatments on spring wheat during 3-25 dafter anthesis.The results showed that high-temperature after anthesis affected the spring wheat seedling growth and grain vigor.The seedling growth and the grain vigor of spring wheat were significantly reduced,the sooner the high-temperature the greater the impact on spring wheat grain vigor.High-temperature of 3 dafter anthesis had the greatest impact which made the grain vigor 1 index of Ningchun 4 be declined 10.82% and made the grain vigor index Ningchun 47 be declined 12.81%.Different high-temperature treatments after anthesis had different impacts on grain vigor of spring wheat,and eventually affected the yield of spring wheat seriously.

教师专业化日益成为当前国际教师教育改革与发展的趋势和主旋律,其发展对教师教育的改革和走向提出了新的要求。随着我国素质教育和新课程改革的推进,改革教师教育,推动教师专业化发展,是我国教师教育的必然选择。如何加快教师专业化建设步伐、全面提升教师专业素质已成为我国教育界的热门话题。本文将提出一些能够促进中小学教师专业化发展的可行策略。

研究性学习是在教学过程中创设一种类似于科学研究的情境和途径,让学生通过主动探索、发现和体验,学会对大量的信息的收集、分析和判断,从而增进学生思考力和创造力的方式.它既是一种学习方式,也是教师的一种教学方式,它与传统的教学方式有着本质的区别.语文研究性学习的类型多种多样,下面就专题性研究和非专题性研究谈谈我个人的有关体会.

教学中的师生互动是一种交互作用和相互影响的过程,这种交互和影响是一种链状循环的连续过程。师生正是在这样一个连续的动态过程中不断交互作用和影响,从而达到共识、共享、共进,实现教学相长和共同发展。

The measure and analysis of surface cover spectrum are very important for theoretical as well as application study of remote sensing.The spectrum data of the different surfaces including wheat with different cover,soils with different condition,water body,asbestos tile,cement ground,and stone ground are gotten by using SE590 hyperspectral radiometer in Tengchong county of Yunnan province.The spectrum curves of the surfaces are made and the spectrum feature analyzed based on the spectrum data.It is shown that:the reflectivity of wheat increases as its cover decreases in the wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm;the reflectivity of wheat increases as its cover increases in the wavelength ranging from 800 nm to 1 000 nm;the reflectivity of dry soil is lower than that of the moisture soil in the wavelength ranging from 368 nm to 696 nm;the reflectivity of dry soil is higher than that of moisture soil in the wavelength ranging from 726 nm to 1 100 nm;as for road surfaces,in the wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 1 000 nm,cement ground and asbestos tile have highest reflectivity,stone ground has middle reflectivity,contracting to the lowest for water body;and,when the wavelength is from 373 nm to 632 nm,it is found that the slope of spectrum curve for cement ground is higher than those of asbestos tile and stone ground.

The measure and analysis of the spectrum of vegetables is very important for applying remote sensing in identifying vegetable.The spectrum data of the different vegetables such as Chinese cabbage,garden pea,cattle vegetable,verdure,garlic,onion,parsley are gotten by using SE590 hyper-spectral radiometer in Tengchong county of Yunnan province.The spectrum curves of the vegetables are made based on the spectrum data.The spectrum feature is analyzed based on the spectrum data.The first order derivative transfer was carried out in the spectrum data.The first order derivative feature is analyzed.It is shown that:The vegetables can be divided into two groups according to their reflectivity during 400nm to 679nm.The first group with higher reflectivity includes Chinese cabbage,garden pea,cattle vegetable,verdure.The second group with lower reflectivity includes onion,garlic and parsley.Each vegetable can be differentiated from each other according to the peak value,valley value and slope of their spectrum curves,and their reflectivity value in the first group.Each vegetable can be differentiated from each other according to their reflectivity values during 726nm to 1 100nm in the second group.The unique first order derivative feature can be used to identify Chinese cabbage,garden pea,garlic,onion and parsley.

信息技术与物理课程整合是当前物理课程改革的重要内容。本文对信息技术与物理课程整合中出现的问题进行了分析,归纳了整合中的实际困难,提出了解决问题的对策,以期对信息技术与物理课程实现有效整合提供参考。

信息技术与物理课程整合是当前物理课程改革的重要内容。本文对信息技术与物理课程整合中出现的问题进行了分析,归纳了整合中的实际困难,提出了解决问题的对策,以期对信息技术与物理课程实现有效整合提供参考。

This study of Navel orange and Valencia orange is about the relationship between enzymes of Cx, PE, PG and fruit texture components including pectin, cellulose and lignin. The results show: The Cx, PE and PG enzyme exist during the development of orange fruit; different cultivars have a milestone about PE and PG while the orange is mature. While the reactivity of all three enzymes increases, the content of pectin and the hardness decreases. The activity of Cx largely infuluences the hemicellulose which is difficult to dissolved. Following the growth of the fruit, the lignin in the fruit decreases rapidly.