随钻超声井眼成像技术是当前随钻测控领域的前沿技术,可以在随钻工况下实时生成高分辨率的井眼图像,能够准确反映井眼形状,识别裂缝、孔隙、层理等特征,在监测井眼工程状况和质量方面发挥着重要作用.阐述了随钻超声井眼成像系统的成像原理及构成要素,综述了发展历程及现状,分析了国外最新研发的随钻超声井眼成像系统的技术特点,总结了随钻超声井眼成像技术未来发展趋势,探讨了随钻超声井眼成像领域在仪器设计及发展的方向.

深层、 超深层已被列为油气资源重要接替区.但是,深层带来的井下高温使得随钻仪器寿命缩短、 甚至失效,为其增加井下降温系统是解决随钻仪器抗高温性能的措施之一.在前期研究随钻仪器井下降温系统阻热性能和传热特性的基础上,进一步研究了井下降温系统的冷却效果,建立了井下降温系统模型,通过数值方法研究了各参数对井下电路产生降温幅度的影响.研究结果表明:增加井下降温装置,可有效提高随钻仪器抗高温性能;各参数对冷却效果影响规律为绝热材料导热系数越小、 绝热材料厚度越大、 电路系统尺寸越小、 制冷功率越大及环境与水眼温差越大,越有利于改善冷却效果;电路系统导热系数对冷却效果的影响可忽略不计;各参数对冷却效果影响程度排序为,在绝热材料方面,导热系数>高度和宽度方向充填厚度>轴向充填厚度;在电路系统方面,长度>宽度和高度>导热系数;在降温装置方面,制冷功率与发热功率比值>高度和直径.所得结果丰富了随钻仪器井下降温相关理论,可为井下降温系统的开发提供指导.

深层、超深层是油气资源的重要接替区.但是,地层高温使得常规随钻仪器电路系统可靠性下降、寿命缩短,甚至发生失效,严重制约了油气资源的勘探开发,而增加降温装置是提高常规随钻仪器电路系统耐温指标的措施之一.以随钻仪器电路舱壁面温度边界为研究对象,建立带降温装置的随钻仪器物理模型,通过数值方法研究不同参数对电路舱壁面温度边界的影响,为后续精确计算高温井筒传递给随钻仪器电路系统的传热量,进而合理设计随钻仪器电路系统降温装置制冷量参数提供理论依据.

提高随钻仪器抗高温能力是石油工程技术中一个重要的研究方向,而为随钻仪器增加降温装置构成井下降温系统是解决措施之一.鉴于此,基于传热学理论和数值方法,建立了随钻仪器井下降温系统模型,确定了影响传热效果的相关参数,分析了各参数对传热特性的影响规律和影响程度.研究结果表明:①影响传热效果的参数有环境温度,钻铤导热率,绝热材料导热率和厚度,电路系统导热率,直径和热功耗,冷端有效制冷功率和直径.②钻铤和电路系统导热率对温度变化影响不大;随着环境温度和电路系统热功耗的增加,电路系统温度呈线性增加;随着绝热材料导热率和电路系统直径的增加,电路系统温度呈非线性增加;随着冷端有效制冷功率的增加,电路系统温度呈线性降低;随着冷端直径和绝热材料厚度的增加,电路系统温度呈非线性降低.③各参数的影响程度依次为(冷端有效制冷功率/电路系统热功耗)>环境温度>电路系统直径>绝热材料导热率>绝热材料厚度>电路系统热功耗>(冷端直径/电路系统直径).研究结果可为随钻仪器井下降温系统的设计提供理论支撑.

甘油作为一种可再生资源,对其充分利用有助于生物柴油的开发以及缓解化石燃料利用所带来的环境问题,而生物基甘油气相脱水制丙烯醛是甘油的一项重要用途.综述了近年来甘油气相脱水制丙烯醛的研究进展,分析了不同催化剂体系中甘油脱水的反应机理;总结了各类型相关催化剂在此反应中的应用.分析表明,催化剂的表面酸性和强度是影响其活性的主要因素,同时还与催化剂的活性中心尺寸以及助剂相关,因此可通过对催化剂酸性和表面活性中心尺寸的调控、添加合适的助剂和优化工艺条件等手段提高催化剂的反应性能.但该反应催化剂存在易积炭失活、使用寿命短的问题有待进一步探讨.

随钻测井作业与钻井作业同步进行,在钻井液滤液还未侵入地层或者侵入井壁很浅时获得测井资料,能准确反映原状地层特征,油气储量评价准确.图像压缩是随钻电阻率测井实时成像的关键技术,通过分析多种图像压缩方法,发现小波编码适合随钻电阻率成像测井,在此基础上,分析嵌入式零树编码和多级树集合分裂编码2种小波变换算法,进行Matlab仿真.多级树集合分裂编码方法在50倍压缩率条件下,能够保持较高的图像质量,可满足随钻电阻率测井实时成像数据压缩需要.

None of the thermal resistance technologies used in existing downhole instruments have conducted reliable analysis and quantitative evaluation of thermal resistance performance. In view of this, taking the thermal resistance technologies for the downhole cooling system of the instrument while drilling as the research objects, the corresponding physical model is established, the thermal resistance scheme is designed, and the thermal resistance mechanism is introduced. Based on the theory of heat transfer, a one-dimensional mathematical model and a three-dimensional numerical model are established. The heat transfer rate under different thermal resistance schemes and different solution methods is obtained through a set of parameters, thereby quantitatively evaluating the thermal resistance performance of the cooling system. The research results show that: the thermal resistance performance trend given by the one-dimensional analytical solution and the three-dimensional numerical solution is the same. The thermal resistance scheme combines vacuum and thermal insulation materials could provide the circuit system with the lowest heat transfer and the best thermal resistance performance. The heat transfer amount obtained by the one-dimensional analytical solution and the three-dimensional numerical solution has the same order of magnitude, which clarifies the amount of heat transferred to the circuit system in a high-temperature environment. The one-dimensional analytical solution result is less than the three-dimensional numerical solution under the same conditions, indicating that the three-dimensional numerical model can more accurately reflect the actual heat transfer and is more suitable for research on thermal resistance. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of the downhole cooling system of the instrument while drilling.

MWD industrial power device is an indispensable electronic component of downhole circuit. The generated massive heat and inferior heat diffusion environment of the high temperature wellbore makes its temperature too high, resulting in performance degradation or even damage, thus affecting the measurement while drilling. Therefore, the temperature control research to expand its operating temperature limit is necessary. A temperature control test system for the MWD power device is designed. The data is obtained through experimental research. The temperature control model is established by means of least square method to predict the application upper limit of the industrial power device. The research results show that in the environment of 85℃, the temperature limit of industrial power device replaced by analog power device can be extended to 122.7℃ through the temperature control test system, with the expansion of 37.7℃ and the expansion rate increase of 44.4%. The upper limit of the industrial power device replaced by the real power device can be extended to above 150℃, with the expansion over 65℃ and the expansion rate of more than 75.3%. The temperature control test system has good temperature control effect on the MWD industrial power device, and has the ability to expand the upper limit of the temperature. Within 300 s after the temperature control test system is turned on, the temperature of the analog power device and the real power device can be 30℃ lower than the ambient temperature and tends to be stable, presenting a fast response.

Abstract With the further exploration of oil and gas, we have to search for new resources which buried in deep strata, and most of the deep and ultra-deep wells are categorized in high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) wells. The problem of high temperature and the challenge to the existing downhole equipments are becoming increasingly prominent, where the drilling depth is severely restricted. Most of the HPHT or ultra-HPHT wells with reservoir temperature about 175~220°C would be drilled with near-bit measurement and constructed. In such a temperature environment, the conventional measurement while drilling tools with common electronics will experience very high failure rates at these conditions. There are two ways to deal with the downhole electronics system in HPHT wells. One technique is called the passive cooling, which aims to improve the anti-temperature performance of the components and add thermal insulation materials to the circuit module. In this way, the cost of the instruments would be greatly increased, and the capacity for anti temperature could not be improved indefinitely, especially in HPHT or ultra-HPHT environment for lone period. The other solution is called the active cooling, which commit to the construction of a downhole refrigeration system. The cooling system power by bettery or downhole generator ensures clectronics cabin always under suitable temperature. According to a large number of research work by scholars worldwide, there are 2 main kinds of downhole active cooling techniques suitable for while-drilling environment. One is thermoelectric based regeneratiove cooling system, and the other technique is based on regenerative cryogenic refrigeration cycle. The thermodynamic cycle and working fluid are key concerns for the refrigeration. While reverse-Brayton cycle contains adiabatic compression, isobaric heat transfer, adiabatic expansion and isobaric heat transfer, so thermoacoustic coolers, stirling cryocoolers, and pulse tube refrigerators can all be suitable solution. The study from this work demonstrates the active cooling method for downhole systems using in high-temperature environment, and provides a baseline framework for design methods. The preliminary laboratory test and application showed the feasibility of the method.

井下仪器电路系统耐高温问题是制约着钻井工程向深地发展的瓶颈问题之一.阐述了井下仪器电路系统主动降温技术的定义,分类研究了各种主动降温技术的原理及发展现状,评价分析了各种技术的特点,总结了井下仪器电路系统的热量来源及主动降温技术的构成要素.指出降温技术发展的趋势是大制冷量、小尺寸、强适应性及模块化;认识到井下仪器电路系统降温的必要性.建议加强对井下仪器电路系统主动降温装置的设计和研发,掌握井下主动降温关键技术,对优质高效勘探开发深部地层油气藏,保障中国油气资源的供应有重大意义.

DBS钻机绞车刹车原理、功能及适用工况,从机、电、液3方面综合分析制动故障原因并给出解决方法.

输气管道内涂层在国内外具有广泛的关注度,但是对于内涂层的使用仍然处于欠发达阶段.因此,从内涂层的应用效果、应用实例,以及在实际应用中遇到的问题进行分析总结,对于全面了解和指导输气管道设计施工具有一定的指导意义.

介绍了DQ型地面防喷器控制通过与Q型比较,研究了DQ型的特功能更多;防喷器状态显示更加直观出可以改进"操作记忆"功能,分析了装置的主要功能:遥控操作、电泵控制、防喷器状点:控制链长,各功能集成、关联;电泵自动控制;功能更多,并且利用程序,易于功能扩展,使控制DQ型的故障主要是元件故障,并提出了解决措施态、辅助功能.更简单、准确,更加完美.指.

With the development of organic electronics,organic semiconductors for field -effect transistors (FETs) have attracted great attention from both academic and industrial sectors,as they are featured by light weight,high flexibility,low -cost,and large scale fabrication as alternatives to conventional silicon -based transistor semiconductors.In this paper,the main types of organic semiconductors were summarized,and the correlation between the structure and the properties of organic semiconductors were reviewed.This result provides useful guideline for future high performance organic semiconductor design for FET.

In this paper,the core-expanded benzene derivative (6 CNTM)bearing two 2-(1 ,3-dithiol-2-yli-dene)malonitrile group at the central benzene core are designed and synthesized.Here,their optical and electro-chemical properties were investigated by UV -Vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry .Importantly,the charge transport properties of thin film OFET based-on 6CNTMwere stuied for the first time.Thin film OFETs shows e-lectron transport performance (μe=6.6 ×10 -3cm2/V·s,Vth =14V and Ion/Ioff=4 ×102).This result com-fimed acenes modified by two moieties are promising high-performance,ambient-stable n-type organic semi-conductors.

Being faithful to seismic information self, seismic facies analysis technology can overcome some flaws of seismic inverse technique as one of important means for sedimentary facies research and reservoir prediction. It integrates with various of seismic information and can be adopted to deal with distinct problems. Stratimagic seismic facies analysis technology which realizes automatic seismic facies analysis technology with seismic trace and multi-attribute database in time window/depth intervals has been applied to study on channel distribution of in Shamenzi Area, Jurassic Badaowan formation is dominated by fan-delta sand body. Thereby allow their processes to better controls of continuous distribution and range of the major oil-bearing zone in the area, and good results have been obtained.