Bisphenol S (BPS), considered a "regrettable substitute" for the well-known endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), has also been demonstrated to pose health risks. An underinvestigated exposure route is the placement of thermal price labels on fresh food packaging. Here, a structure-guided suspect screening strategy was employed to characterize BPS derivatives in 137 supermarket price labels. A total of 26 candidate features were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry, among which 9 BPS derivatives were confirmed by authentic standards, and 4 candidates were identified with a confidence of level 2. DBSP, BPS, BPS-MAE and D-90 were the major derivatives, with maximum concentrations ranging from 7.5 to 40 mg/g. A novel derivative, HDPS was first identified as a component coexisting with DBSP in thermal price labels. The concentrations of DBSP were higher than those of BPS and had a significant negative correlation (r = -0.53, P < 0.001), suggesting an ongoing substitute for BPS. Analysis of matched food samples revealed consistent contamination trends: BPS was detected in 89.0% of samples, followed by DBSP (86.1%), BPS-MAE (60.6%), and BPA (59.8%). High levels of BPS (129.4 ng/g), BPA (124.8 ng/g), DBSP (78.1 ng/g) and BPS-MAE (63.8 ng/g) could be observed in individual cling film-wrapped food items with attached price labels. Dietary intake assessments revealed a median & sum;BPs exposure level of 5.6 ng/kg bw/day, but a level of 92 ng/kg bw/day in high-exposure scenarios. The estimated DBSP, BPS, and BPA exposure levels exceeded the stringent EFSA TDI for BPA. This study provides insight into the potential contamination of fresh food caused by thermal labels, informing policies for preventing "regrettable substitutions".

Accurate prediction of liquid chromatographic retention times is becoming increasingly important in nontargeted screening applications. Traditional retention time approaches heavily rely on the use of standard compounds, which is limited by the speed of synthesis and manufacture of standard products, and is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recently, machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms have been applied to retention time prediction, which show unparalleled advantages over traditional experimental methods. However, existing retention time prediction methods usually suffer from the scarcity of comprehensive training datasets, sparsity of valid data, and lack of classification in datasets, resulting in poor generalization capability and accuracy. In this study, a dataset for 10,905 compounds was constructed including their retention times. Next, an innovative classification system was implemented, classifying 10,905 compounds into a 3-tier hierarchy across 141 classes, based on functional group weighting. Then, data augmentation was performed within each category using simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) enumeration combined with structural similarity expansion. Finally, by training the optimal quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models for each category of compounds and selecting the best-fitting model for prediction via discriminant analysis during the prediction period, a novel and universal high-throughput retention time prediction model was established. The results demonstrate that this model achieves an R 2 of 0.98 and an average prediction error of 23 s, outperforming currently published models. This study provides a scientific basis for high throughput and rapid prediction of unknown pollutants, data mining, nontargeted screening, etc.

BACKGROUND:Exposure to ambient ozone may be associated with a decline in ovarian reserve; however, epidemiological evidence remains limited. We aimed to estimate the association between ambient ozone exposure and ovarian reserve, and to identify critical exposure windows. METHODS:We included 2815 women aged 20-45 years who attended an infertility clinic in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, between 2014 and 2022. We calculated average concentrations of ozone exposure according to the development of follicles (2-month, 4-month, 6- month) and 1-year period prior to measurement, using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Multivariate linear and Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between exposure to ambient ozone and ovarian reserve biomarkers, including antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and estradiol (E2). Stratified analyses were performed by age, body mass index (BMI), and education to evaluate potential effect modification. RESULTS:Each 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone concentration during 4-month and 6-month were associated with a 0.88 % (95 % CI: 0.44 %, 1.32 %) and 0.85 % (95 % CI: 0.28 %, 1.43 %) decrease in AFC, respectively. The associations were stronger among women with middle school or lower, and those with BMI ≥24 kg/m2 during both the 4-month and 6-month exposure windows. We observed no associations between exposure to ambient ozone and AMH or E2. CONCLUSIONS:Exposure to ambient ozone was associated with decreased ovarian reserve among adult women attending an infertility clinic in China. These findings suggest that exposure to ozone could serve as a potential environmental risk factor for diminished ovarian reserve.

The misuse of fentanyl poses significant social risks, and accurately and swiftly detecting fentanyl in field settings presents a considerable challenge. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe TP-CF3-COOH, which is composed of carboxyl- and trifluoromethyl-binding center tetraphenyl butadiene. The unique centrosymmetric configuration of the TP-CF3-COOH probe allows for the construction of a fluorescence “on–off” mechanism recognition platform by spatially matching fentanyl and its metabolite norfentanyl. Importantly, this study reveals that the interaction of fentanyl or norfentanyl with TP-CF3-COOH results in spontaneous self-assembly, generating a three-dimensional complex sphere that is smaller than the two-dimensional sheet fluorescence probe. This self-assembly process results in the quenching of fluorescence. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that this process is accompanied by intermolecular through-space charge transfer during self-assembly, leading to a blue shift in emission wavelength. As a result, the TP-CF3-COOH fluorescent probe enables the quantitative detection of fentanyl/norfentanyl within a range of 1 × 10−2–1 × 103 μg/L, with limits of detection of 2 × 10−4 μg/L and 3 × 10−4 μg/L, respectively. This cost-effective, rapid, and sensitive fluorescent probe holds great potential for the onsite screening and detection of fentanyl and its analogues.

OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily investigate the exposure levels and distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in serum of Beijing residents. METHODS:A total of 197 serum samples were randomly selected from the baseline samples of the Beijing Population Health Cohort study collected in 2017. The concentrations of 11 OCPs, including α-hexachlorocyclohexane(α-HCH), β-hexachlorocyclohexane(β-HCH), γ-hexachlorocyclohexane(γ-HCH), p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene(p, p'-DDE), p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane(p, p'-DDD), p, p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(P, P'-DDT), pentachlorobenzene(PCB), hexachlorobenzene(HCB), pentachlorophenol(PCP), pentachloronitrobenzene(PCNB), and dieldrin, were determined by solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The relationships among OCPs concentrations and gender, residence, age and body mass index(BMI) were assessed. RESULTS:At least three OCPs were detected in each sample, with concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 50.700 μg/L. Ten out of the eleven OCPs were detected, excluding PCNB. The detection rates of five OCPs exceeded 50%, namely p, p'-DDE, β-HCH, HCB, PCP and PCB, with median concentrations of 3.768, 0.966, 0.762, 0.414 and 0.050 μg/L, respectively. The serum concentrations of β-HCH(Z=-4.32, P&lt;0.01) and HCB(Z=-2.01, P=0.04) were significantly lower in males than in females, and urban residents showed significantly elevated serum levels of p, p'-DDE(Z=-3.38, P&lt;0.01), β-HCH(Z=-3.04, P&lt;0.01), PCP(Z=-2.04, P=0.04) and PCB(Z=-2.16, P=0.03) relative to suburban residents. BMI was positively correlated with serum β-HCH concentrations(r=0.21, P&lt;0.01). CONCLUSION:Widespread exposure of OCPs was observed in the serum of Beijing general residents in 2017. Gender, residence and BMI may serve as significant factors influencing serum OCP levels.

Regulatory heterogeneity on the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of hazardous substances for food is identified as a challenge of trade between countries. To balance the import and export trade of milk, a high-throughput determination method was established for hazardous substances with regulatory differences. In this paper, we investigated 462 hazardous substances with different MRLs for food based on different countries’ regulations, involving pesticides, veterinary drugs, and some toxins. A mass database was established for these compounds including the basic information, retention time, collision cross section, parent ion, and product ions with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IM-QTOFMS). After that, the sample preparation for milk, including extraction solvents and purified sorbents, was optimized by selecting 274 hazardous compounds as the representative compounds. Acetonitrile/methanol (9:1, v/v) containing 1% acetic acid was used for extracting, and 50 mg EMR and 50 mg PSA were used for purifying the target substances in milk. Then, the methodology was evaluated by spiking the compounds in real milk. The experiment was conducted by matrix calibration, and the results displayed that most compounds had good linearity within their linear ranges (R2 > 0.99). The recovery ranged from 61.8% to 119.7% at three spiking levels, with RSDs between 1.1% and 20.2%. The limits of quantitation of target compounds in milk ranged from 1 to 10 μg/kg. This could meet the MRL requirements among different countries. All the results demonstrated this determination technology was a fast, sensitive, and accurate method for screening hazardous substance.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has been reported as a possible contributor to diabetes. However, evidence for general population is scarce while related mechanisms are largely unknown. Using a representative population-based case-control study in Beijing (n = 1796), we found a positive association between PCP exposure and diabetes risk with the odds ratio reaching 1.68 (95 % confidence interval: 1.30 to 2.18). A further rat experiment revealed that low-dose PCP mimicking real-world human exposure can significantly impair glycemic homeostasis by inducing pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, with non-linear dose-response relationships. Subsequent multi-omics analysis suggested that low-dose PCP led to notable gut microbiota dysbiosis (especially the species from genus Prevotella, such as intermedia, dentalis, ruminicola, denticola, melaninogenica, and oris), decreased serum amino acids (L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan) and increased serum fatty acids (oleic and palmitic acid) in rats, while strong correlations were observed among alterations of gut microbes, serum metabolites and glycemic-related biomarkers (e.g., fasting blood glucose and insulin). Collectively, these results imply PCP may increase diabetes risk by disrupting gut microbial-related amino acids and fatty acids biosynthesis. This will help guide future in-depth studies on the roles of PCP in the development of human diabetes.

In order to investigate the infection status of canine Echinococcus granulosus prevalent in Sichuan Province,and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures,from 2019 to 2022,dog feces were collected from 35 epidemic counties for detection of Echinococcus granulosus by antigen sandwich ELISA kit.The results revealed that the average annual infection rates were 3.06%(159/5 200),2.11%(123/5 826),1.33%(83/6 227)and 1.12%(67/5 968)respectively in the four consecutive years,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The average annual infection rates were 1.30%(166/12 673),3.09%(205/6 627),1.48%(35/2 367)and 1.78%(26/1 464)respectively in Ganzi Prefecture,Aba Prefecture,Liangshan Prefecture and Ya'an City,especially higher in Aba Prefecture(P＜0.05).In conclusion,the infection of canine Echinococcus granulosus was generally weakening in the province,but still relatively severe in the grassland pastoral areas of western Sichuan Plateau,posing a great threat to local livestock and human.For the purpose of ensuring human health and safety as well as healthy development of livestock industry,it was recommended to further strengthen the control of such infection from its source through deworming for dogs and bio-safety treatment of dog feces.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants, but large-scale human biomonitoring and health risk assessment data on these contaminants remain limited. In this study, concentrations of 6 OCPs and 5 PAHs were determined by GC–MS/MS in 1268 human serum samples which were collected from the participants in 2017 Beijing Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. The detection frequencies of OCPs and PAHs ranged from 64.7 % to 96.5 % and 89.4 % to 99.6 %, respectively. The most abundant contaminants in OCPs and PAHs were pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pyrene (Pyr) with median concentrations reaching up to 3.13 and 8.48 μg/L, respectively. Nonparametric tests were employed to assess the correlations among contaminants levels, demographic characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, residence) and serum biochemical indexes. Significantly higher serum levels of all PAHs were observed in suburb residents than that in urban residents (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (OR 2.17 [1.29, 3.63]), phenanthrene (OR 1.06 [1.02, 1.11]), fluoranthene (OR 1.04 [1.02, 1.07]) and Pyr (OR 1.02 [1.01, 1.03]) might increase the occurrence of hyperglycemia, and exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (OR 1.53 [1.05, 2.22]) and pentachlorobenzene (OR 1.14 [1.02, 1.27]) were positively associated with hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, the hazard quotients (HQs) for serum HCB, PCP and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene were calculated based on health-based guidance values to predict health risks. 0.2 % and 4.3 % of serum samples showed HQ values exceeding 1 for HCB and PCP, respectively, in case of the non-carcinogenic risk, while 23.1 % of HQs for HCB were above 1 in case of the carcinogenic risk for a risk level 10−5. Our study reveals that the body burden of the Beijing general population relative to OCPs and PAHs was nonnegligible. The past exposure of HCB and PCP might adversely affect the health status of the Beijing population.

为评价国产狂犬病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的性能,选择4种国产品牌ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,分别检测463份已用荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN)测知狂犬病病毒抗体效价的犬血清,用Kappa检验和配对卡方检验评价ELISA试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的一致性和差异性,计算ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、符合率和重复性等,并比较4种试剂盒的使用范围、样品稀释倍数等参数.结果显示:经Kappa检验,4种试剂盒与FAVN一致性均为弱;经配对卡方检验,A、B试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的差异不显著(P＞0.05),而C、D试剂盒差异显著(P＜0.05).诊断敏感性,D试剂盒最高,B试剂盒最低;4种试剂盒诊断特异性均较低,为29.5％～57.7％;各试剂盒符合率相当,为71.3％～72.8％.综合敏感性、特异性、重复性等考量因素,得出C试剂盒更能满足免疫后抗体检测需求,A试剂盒也较好,两者可作为候选试剂盒.结果表明,4种国产狂犬病病毒ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、批间稳定性等性能需进一步提高,以满足基层免疫抗体监测需求.

Environmental monitoring data have indicated that three chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs), including tris(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloropropyl)-phosphate (TCPP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)-phosphate (TDCPP) are the predominant chemicals in various environmental matrices and exhibit reproductive endocrine disrupting activities. Currently, mitochondrial abnormality is a new paradigm for evaluating chemical-mediated cell dysfunction. However, a comprehensive correlation between these two aspects of Cl-OPFRs remains unclear. In this research, the effects of TCEP, TCPP, and TDCPP on progesterone production and mitochondrial impairment were investigated by using mouse Leydig tumor cells (mLTC-1). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values at 48 h exposure indicated that the rank order of anti-androgenic activity was TDCPP > TCPP. Whereas, TCEP exhibited elevation of progesterone production. At concentrations close to IC50 of progesterone production by TCPP and TDCPP, the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reduction of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and alteration of mitochondrial structures was observed. In addition, the expression of main genes related to progesterone synthesis was dramatically down-regulated by TCPP and TDCPP treatments. These results imply that the inhibition effect of TCPP and TDCPP on progesterone production might be related to mitochondrial damage and down-regulated steroidogenic genes.

为比较和评价不同剂量包虫病基因工程亚单位疫苗EG95免疫牦牛后的抗体差异,随机选择1岁左右的牦牛50头,平均分成A、B、C、D、E 5组,分别按照1、2、3、4、5头份剂量(每头份含EG9550μg)进行一免和二免(间隔28 d);免疫前及二免后15 d采血,应用间接ELISA法检测血清中的特异性抗体.结果显示:二免后A、B、C组的抗体阳性率分别为30％、40％、50％,与E组的90％存在显著性差异(P<0.05),D组阳性率为80％,与E组无显著性差异(P>0.05);A组和B组抗体合格率均为0,C、D、E组的抗体合格率分别为10％、40％、70％,E组抗体合格率明显高于其他组(P<0.05).试验结果表明,采用EG95基因工程亚单位疫苗按5头份剂量免疫,间隔28 d后二免,对牦牛的免疫效果较为理想.

What is already known about this topic? Bisphenol A (BPA) and other bisphenolic compounds (BPs) are proved to pose potential endocrine disrupting properties. The primary source of BP exposure is the diet. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) of BPA 4 μg/kg body weight per day. What is added by this report? BPs were detected in composite food samples from the Sixth China Total Diet Study (TDS) at percentages of 27.1%–78.5%. The estimated dietary exposure of BPA and bisphenol S (BPS) for an average adult were 18.1 ng/kg body weight per day and 22.2 ng/kg body weight per day, respectively. The main dietary contributors for BPs were cereals, water and beverage, meat as well as vegetables. What are the implications for public health practices? BP dietary intake poses low risks on the Chinese general population based on the t-TDI set by EFSA. BPS presented a higher exposure level than BPA, which highlights the need to strengthen the surveillance of BP alternatives in foodstuffs.

目的 建立液液萃取-分散固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)同时测定母乳中24种有机氯类农药的分析方法.方法 母乳样品用正己烷-丙酮(3:1,V:V)超声提取,提取液冷冻除脂后经N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine,PSA)作为分散固相萃取剂净化,净化液氮吹复溶后采用GC-MS/MS检测,内标法定量.结果 24种有机氯农药在考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r2≥0.99;方法 检出限为0.002～0.500μg/kg,定量限为0.006～1.500μg/kg;24种目标物在高中低3个不同加标浓度下的回收率为87.1％～129.0％,相对标准偏差为1.9％～13.9％.结论 该方法操作便捷、定量准确、灵敏度高,能够满足母乳样品中24种有机氯农药残留的快速检测分析需求,为监测母乳及婴儿体内的有机氯农药含量提供方法学参考.

Alternaria mycotoxins are of concern due to its adverse health effect, they affect various cereal crops and grain-based food along with modified forms that contribute to overall exposure. This study aimed to determine the frequency and level of exposure to Alternaria mycotoxins (tenuazonic acid, TeA; alternariol, AOH; alternariol monomethyl ether, AME; tentoxin, TEN; and altenuene, ALT) in human urine from Beijing adults. A total of 2212 urine samples were collected and analyzed for five mycotoxins using LC-ESI-MS/MS. More than 98% of the samples had at least one Alternaria mycotoxin detected. Among the mycotoxins, AME had the highest detection rate (96.0%), followed by TeA (70.5%). The calculated average daily intake values of AME (12.5 ng/kg b.w.) was 5 times the TTC value (2.5 ng/kg b.w.) set by the EFSA, indicating the potential health risks associated with mycotoxins. Immediate attention and subsequent actions should be taken to identify the sources of mycotoxins and the corresponding exposure pathways to humans in the investigated regions.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) widely exist in animal food including aquatic food. This study aimed to survey the occurrences of cortisone and cortisol in aquatic food and the estimated daily intake (EDI) of cortisone and cortisol due to different habits of aquatic food consumption. The mean levels of cortisone and cortisol in freshwater fish purchased from market were 14.59 μg/kg and 69.15 μg/kg, respectively, which were markedly higher than the levels in marine fish. A test using Zebrafish was performed to compare the concentration of GCs by different killing methods. The results suggested that physically traumatic killing methods are one of the reasons why the levels of GCs in freshwater fish were higher than those in marine fish. The concentrations of cortisone and cortisol in composite aquatic food samples from 12 provincial districts of the fourth China Total Diet Study (TDS) were 0.72~15.75 μg/kg and 4.90~66.13 μg/kg, respectively, which were positively correlated with the distance from the coastline. Further, the correlation coefficient between the levels of cortisone and cortisol in aquatic food and the percentages of freshwater fish consumption were 0.758 (p < 0.01) and 0.908 (p < 0.01), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of cortisone and cortisol in aquatic food in the fourth TDS and the percentages of freshwater fish consumption. The calculated average EDIs of cortisone and cortisol from aquatic food in the fourth TDS were 0.16 μg/d and 0.72 μg/d, respectively.

目的 建立丹磺酰氯衍生液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法检测鸡肉、牛肉、牛奶中雌二醇的高灵敏分析方法.方法 酶解后的样品用HLB和氨基固相萃取柱富集净化,氮气吹干后,在60℃条件下丹磺酰氯衍生5 min;以乙腈-水(含0.1％乙酸)为流动相,采用多离子反应监测正离子模式进行检测.结果 鸡肉、牛肉、牛奶中雌二醇的检出限为0.6 ng/kg,定量限为2.0 ng/kg,3个添加水平的平均回收率在82.0％～88.9％之间,相对标准偏差均小于7.3％.我国6个城市牛肉、鸡肉和牛奶中17-β-雌二醇含量的中位数(平均值)分别为5.51 ng/kg(66.78 ng/kg)、4.60 ng/kg(16.94 ng/kg)和18.00 ng/kg(16.80 ng/kg),九十百分位数(P90)分别为248.91、39.33和39.60 ng/kg.结论 本方法适用动物肌肉和乳中超痕量雌二醇的含量检测.牛肉、鸡肉和牛奶中17-β-雌二醇的大样本监测数据可为科学的制定残留限量提供必要的数据基础.

Shellfish allergies constitute an important cause of food-induced anaphylactic reactions, which pose challenges to food safety and human health worldwide. In the present study, the specific IgE (sIgE) binding characteristics of different shrimp proteins of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to the sera of eight shrimp-allergic patients from China were studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and nanoliquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. According to the PLGS scores (>2000) and the sequence coverage (>40%), eight proteins with sIgE binding activity were identified, including myosin heavy chain type 1 (K4Q4N8), hemocyanin (G1AP69 and Q95V28), phosphopyruvate hydratase (O96656), arginine kinase (C7E3T4), tropomyosin (A1KYZ2), sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein (H7CHW2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (A0A097BQP2). Among these eight proteins, phosphopyruvate hydratase was a prevalent IgE-binding protein among these Chinese patients with binding observed in 100% of sera. Moreover, 13 peptides were predicted as epitopes of phosphopyruvate hydratase. These new details help us to understand the crustacean IgE-binding proteins especially Penaeus monodon IgE-binding proteins, that would cause allergic reaction to Chinese patients. And our findings may provide essential information to improve allergy prevention and clinical treatment to shrimp allergy in China. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research may have diagnostic and therapeutic value for shrimp allergies in China.

Pesticides are useful in agriculture but excessive usage of pesticides is hazardous to human health. Therefore, the pesticide residues in food are strictly monitored worldwide. In this study, a rapid method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 118 pesticides in vegetables by using atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS) and purification by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We optimized the chromatography and mass spectrometric conditions and obtained the best APGC-MS/MS analytical conditions. The optimal outer diameter, length, and amount of MWCNTs were investigated. In addition, the copurification effects of MWCNTs combined with N-propylendiamine (PSA) and C18 were tested. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 118 pesticides by this method were 0.05-3.24 mu g/kg, which were sensitive enough for detection of the maximum residue limits of target pesticides according to standards in China, Japan, the EU, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the U.S.A. The recoveries and RSDs of the 118 pesticides in the three vegetable matrices were 67.1-117.6% and 1.1-14.8%, respectively. We successfully used this method to detect pesticide residues in 93 vegetable samples. Together, our method would be suitable for the routine analysis of multiclass residues in vegetable samples, especially for food of international trade.