目的 观察维持性血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)患者肾性贫血治疗达标后,不同补铁方式对血红蛋白变异度(hemoglobin variation,Hb-Var)的影响.方法 选择2015年1-12月厦门大学附属中山医院行HD的患者160例,按照随机数字表法分入静脉补铁组(蔗糖铁注射液100 mg,每周1次,静脉滴注)与口服补铁组(多糖铁复合物100 mg,每天1次,口服)并随访1年,观察2种维持性补铁方式对Hb-Var的影响.结果 采用4种方法对Hb-Vat进行评估:①静脉组患者剩余标准差明显低于口服组[(8.04 ±4.58)g/L vs.(12.25±6.85) g/L,P=0.042].②静脉组患者血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)振幅低于口服组[(15.88±8.07) g/L vs.(27.00±15.88) g/L,P=0.015].③连续测量相邻时间点Hb变化绝对值,静脉组患者Hb的个体变化值及其标准差均较口服组明显降低[分别为(8.64±4.91)g/Lvs.(13.69±7.60) g/L及(6.25±3.76) g/L vs.(11.23±8.49) g/L,均P＜0.05].④观察期内4次检测血红蛋白高于、处于及低于靶目标(Hb:110 ～ 130 g/L)的比例分别为:静脉组12.85％、71.14％及16.01％;口服组6.90％、55.17％及37.93％(x2=7.164,P=0.028).静脉组转铁蛋白饱和度及铁蛋白在治疗后均增高[分别为(29.29±11.80)％vs.(39.36±12.32)％,P=0.025;(375.39±223.77) ng/ml vs.(463.05±303.26)ng/ml,P=0.005].结论 不同的维持性补铁方式对Hb-Var的影响程度不同,静脉补铁较口服补铁更有助于血液透析患者Hb的持续达标,其原因可能与铁储备的稳定性及铁离子利用率的提高有关.

Background: This study investigated the therapeutic effect of intensive phosphorus-lowering therapy on intact-parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Ninety-five hemodialysis patients with serum phosphorus ≥1.78 mmol/L and iPTH ≥300 pg/dL were apportioned to either the treatment or control group (n = 43 and 52, respectively) based on patient commitment to treatment. The treatment group was given phosphorus-lowering therapies with phosphate binders (lanthanum, sevelamer or/and calcium reagent) combined with dietary phosphate restriction and intensified hemodialysis. The control individuals were given low doses of calcium agents, if serum calcium was <2.54 mmol/L. Percent changes in serum phosphorus and iPTH levels were compared between the two groups. In addition, based on the time required to achieve >20% decrease in serum phosphorus, the patients in the treatment group were further stratified as rapid responders (≤2 months; 27 patients) or slow responders (>2 months; 16 patients) and percent changes in iPTH were compared. Results: Serum phosphorus and iPTH levels decreased from baseline in the treatment group (−24.08 ± 1.93% and −9.92 ± 3.70%, respectively) but increased in the control group (22.00 ± 3.63% and 104.21 ± 23.89%; both p < .001). In the rapid responders subgroup, the iPTH decreased (−16.93 ± 3.49%), but in the slow responders subgroup the iPTH increased slightly (0.68 ± 7.37%, p < .05). Conclusions: For these patients on maintenance hemodialysis, intensive treatment of hyperphosphatemia was associated with a decrease in iPTH levels, especially for those who had achieved substantial reduction in serum phosphorus within 2 months.

Background: Serum N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level is known to be strongly associated with fluid overload, and serves as a guide for fluid management in patients on hemodialysis (HD). This study aimed at investigating the relationship between NT-proBNP level and blood pressure (BP), ultrafiltration/dry weight ratio as well as hemoglobin, and to explore the optimal cutoff point of NT-proBNP level in Chinese patients on HD.Methods: A total of 306 patients on maintained HD for stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) were included in this prospective study. Their average ultrafiltration/dry weight ratio and BP before dialysis were recorded. The serum NT-proBNP, hemoglobin, serum calcium, and phosphorus were detected. The cutoff value for NT-proBNP level was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: The high NT-proBNP level was associated with high BP and ultrafiltration/dry weight ratio, and low hemoglobin level. The optimal cutoff point of NT-proBNP level for patients on maintained HD was 5666 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 78.5%, specificity of 43.9%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.703 (<0.001).Conclusions: NT-proBNP level ≤5666 pg/mL was recommended to achieve the target BP, hemoglobin level, and ultrafiltration/dry weight ratio in patients on maintained HD with an ejection fraction (EF) >50%.

目的 观察补铁治疗对维持性血液透析患者贫血指标和促红细胞生成素类药物(ESAs)用量的影响.方法 前瞻性入组2015年1-7月我科维持性血液透析患者169例,根据患者铁指标情况采用静脉补充铁剂或口服补充铁剂治疗,比较患者治疗前后的血红蛋白(Hb)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)和ESAs治疗剂量.结果 与治疗前相比,静脉补充铁剂治疗后患者的Hb、SF和TSAT水平均显著增加(P＜0.05),ESAs使用剂量明显下降(P＜0.01).口服补充铁剂治疗后患者的Hb、SF、TSAT和ESAs使用剂量与治疗前相比,差异均不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 针对铁储备明显低下的透析患者,通过静脉补充铁剂后可提高血透患者贫血指标,减少ESAs使用剂量;铁储备在理想范围的透析患者通过补充口服铁剂可稳定患者的Hb和铁指标,为患者的后续治疗提供了指导和帮助.

Objective Anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism are the two most common complications associated with chronic kidney disease. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are widely used in the management of anemia in hemodialysis patients. A reverse correlation has been established between hyperparathyroidism and hemoglobin levels. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the relationship of high-dose ESAs and hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients with anemia. Methods A total of 240 uremic patients maintained on regular hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. Among them, 142 patients were treated with Epiao® (epoetin-alfa) and 98 patients were treated with Recormon® (epoetin-beta). The target hemoglobin concentration was 110–130 g/L. Laboratory measurements including hemoglobin, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, intact-parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation were collected. Results Hemoglobin concentration increased as iPTH level decreased by stratification. However, no significant association between anemia and calcium or phosphorus level was found. Patients with iPTH levels within 150–300 pg/mL had the highest levels of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation. Patients treated with Recormon and Epiao had similar hemoglobin concentrations. However, the dose of Recormon for anemia treatment was significantly less than that the dose of Epiao (P < 0.05). The level of iPTH in the Recormon group was significantly lower than in the Epiao group. In patients with hemoglobin levels between 110 and 130 g/L (P < 0.05), iPTH level was found to be significantly lower in patients treated with lower doses of ESAs than in patients treated with higher doses of ESAs, no matter which ESA was used (Recormon or Epiao, P < 0.05). Conclusion The dose of ESAs might be positively associated with iPTH level, suggesting that a reasonable hemoglobin target can be achieved by using the lowest possible ESA dose.

The greatest threat of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is early thrombosis. There remains limited evidence for the use of agents for the prevention of AVF thrombosis. A total of 180 patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease were enrolled in the present study. They were expected to have hemodialysis (HD) within the next six months and a planned lower arm AVF is expected to be the primary HD access. They were randomly divided into a control group with 60 patients, a heparin (H) treatment group with 60 patients and a heparin/anisodamine (H/A)-treatment group with 60 patients. The H/A-treatment group was given 50 IU/kg of heparin and 10 mg of anisodamine for seven days after the AVF was generated. The H-treatment group was given 50 IU/kg of heparin for seven days whereas the control group was given no treatment. The diameter and blood flow rate of the AVF were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound at the fourth week after the operation. Patency rates of AVF were 96.7% in the H/A-treatment group, 86.7% in the H-treatment group (P < 0.05) and 83.3% in the control group (P < 0.05). The present research indicates that combined application of heparin and anisodamine can effectively relieve the vessel spasm that often occurs after establishment of an AVF and reduce the risk of early thrombosis. However, further evidence is required to validate the maintenance of long-term patency of AVF.

目的 观察尿毒症患者血清晚期氧化蛋白产物水平,对比不同血液净化方式对其清除效果,探讨其与心血管疾病的关系。方法 将60例维持性血液透析患者随机分为单纯血液透析(HD)组、血液透析联合血液透析滤过(HD+HDF)组和血液透析联合血液灌流(HD+HP)组,每组20例;另设健康对照及尿毒症未透析组,观察12个月。结果 尿毒症未透析组血清晚期氧化蛋白产物明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01),透析后进一步升高(P<0.05);12个月后,HD+HDF组及HD+HP组血清晚期氧化蛋白产物水平及心血管并发症发生率低于HD组(P<0.05)。结论 ①尿毒症患者HD后血清晚期氧化蛋白产物水平升高;②HD+HDF或HD+HP血液灌流能降低尿毒症患者血清晚期氧化蛋白产物水平,改善维持性血液透析患者心血管预后。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined heparin and anisodamine to protect from early thrombosis in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) who underwent arteriovenous fistula(AVF).Methods A total of 210 patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD were enrolled in the presented study from January 2008 to December 2009.They were having hemodialysis(HD) at this period or expected to have HD within the next 6 months.They were randomly divided into two groups,treated by 10 mg of heparin and 10 mg of anisodamine for 3 to 5 days(trial group) or without treatment(control group).Vessel murmur and thrill were evaluated at the fourth week after the operation.Results In the trial group,potent risk of early thrombosis in AVF reduced by combined use of heparin and anisodamine.AVFs were maintained in 94.5% in trial group whereas the ratio was 80% in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The presented research indicates that combined use of heparin and anisodamine could effectively relieve the spasm of the vessels underwent AVF and reduce the risk of early thrombosis.