给小鼠灌服不同浓度的芪参口服液进行急性毒性试验，评价该口服液的安全性。实验组小鼠灌服不同浓度的芪参口服液，观察给药后小鼠的临床表现与死亡情况。结果芪参口服液最大剂量一次性给40g/kg，1周后未见明显中毒症状，且没有死亡病例出现。结果提示，芪参口服液的毒性较低，临床用药安全可靠，为芪参口服液的临床前和临床研究提供了安全的实验数据。

In order to explore the protective effects of Qishen oral solution on immunosuppressed mice, Qishen oral solution was ingested to mice whose immunity function was depressed by cyclophosphamide. Thymus index, spleen index, the serum level of hemolysin, the serum content of IL-2 and phagocytic index of reticuloendothelial cell were measured. The results showed that Qishen oral solution could significantly increased thymus index, spleen index, the serum level of hemolysin, and phagocytic index of reticuloendothelial cell in immunosuppressed mice (P<0.01). In conclusion, Qishen oral solution possessed the protective effects on immunosuppressed mice.

(Objective) To study the optimizing water extraction conditions of Qishen Oral Solution,(Method) the extracting conditions were optimized by using L9(34)orthogonal experiment.Employing the amount of the total solid substance and the content of determining Astragoloside Ⅳ by HPLC-ELSD as indexes,the effects of the time and cycles of extraction,the amount of water on the extracting process were investigated.(Result) The results showed the amount of the total solid substance and the content of Astragoloside Ⅳ were significantly influenced by the times of decoction and decocting cycles(P<0.01),while water amount had no significant influence(P>0.05).The best decocting condition was concluded as water amount of 10 times,1 hour of decocting time and 3 times of decoction.(Conclusion) In conclusion,the optimal extraction process is simple and repeatable.It can be used in industrial production.

To evaluate clinical safety of Qishen oral solution,tests of acute toxicity and chronic toxicity were made according to toxicological evaluation procedures and methods.During the acute toxicity test,40 Kunming mice were randomly divided into 2 groups.The maximum tolerable dosage of Qishen oral solution was determined by intragastric administration in mice.During the chronic toxicity test,Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,and the three experimental groups were given Qishen oral solution in doses of 3.75,7.5,15 g/kg by intragastric administration for 4 weeks,once a day,and observed after stopping administration for 2 weeks.The control group was given the same amount of physiological saline.The chronic toxicity were assessed on rats through recording daily water intake,feed intake and weekly body weight,measuring hematologic and blood biochemical indexes after administration for 4 weeks and withdrawal for 2 weeks.The results showed that the maximum tolerable dosage of Qishen oral solution administration was 40 g/kg in mice.It was equivalent to 40 times of the dosage used in clinic.Daily feed intake and water intake for some administration group showed significant(P<0.05)or extremly significant(P<0.01) differences compared with that in the control group,but average weekly gain had no significant changes(P>0.05);during 4 weeks of intragastric administration,some indexes of hematology appeared significantly(P<0.05) or extremly significantly(P<0.01) different from that in the control group,but after 2 weeks,they had no significant changes(P>0.05);blood biochemistry,viscera index and histological examination had no significant difference(P>0.05).In conclusion,the clinical medication of the oral liquid was safe under this experimental condition.

<正>1发病情况河北灵寿县一养殖户饲养的2100只蛋鸡,9个月龄,常规饲养,按正常的免疫程序进行了免疫。鸡群突然发病,当日死亡12只,第二天死亡38只,户主立即用阿莫西林原粉、止咳散等药物饮水,不见好转,产蛋率

<正>最近一段时间,各地区鸡疫病呈多发上升的趋势,河北、山东地区产蛋鸡发病严重,死亡率较高,给养殖户造成了巨大的经济损失,笔者把目前鸡病的流行特点和诊疗方法

<正>1常量矿物质对蛋壳质量的影响1.1钙对蛋壳品质的影响钙和磷是决定蛋壳质量的主要因素,所以一切影响钙和磷的供给、消化吸收和代谢的因素都可影响蛋壳质量。遗传、环境温度和母鸡年龄等,以及新城疫、支气管炎和减蛋综合症等疾病都可改变蛋壳质量,

随着养鸡业的迅猛发展,鸡的肾病已成为鸡病中不可忽视的疾病。鸡肾病是由多种病因引起的肾脏机能障碍的总称,主要表现为肾肿胀、苍白、出血和尿酸盐沉积。轻者使雏鸡生长受阻、成鸡生长性能降低,重者导致大量死亡,给养鸡业造成严重经济损失。现就有关鸡的肾脏疾病的发生与防治作以下简要的概述。

<正>近年来,一种以腺胃炎性肿大为主要特征的新传染病在我国一些地区流行,在美国、澳大利亚也有类似疾病的报道。传染性腺胃炎可发生于不同品种的蛋鸡和肉鸡,其次以

<正>鸡发生呼吸道病,是由于病原侵害呼吸系统而出现的一种呼吸道的异常表现。由于养禽业的不断发展,环境污染日趋严重,鸡呼吸道病显得错综复杂。其原因可分以下几种:一细菌引起鸡的呼吸道病1雏鸡沙门氏杆菌病雏鸡沙门氏杆菌病,因以排白色糊状粪便为特征,养殖户一般称之为白痢。

<正>1发病原因肉鸡支原体病的发生主要由应激、密度过大、育雏温度忽高忽低、温差过大引起,单独感染时死亡率很低,但并发大肠杆菌病时,死亡率极高。大肠杆菌病多是由于育雏舍通风不良引起。当其激发支原体病时,运用药物一般能够降低死亡率,而呼吸道症状往往难以根除。

<正>2007年11月中旬,笔者到山东市场调查,某地区一肉种鸡生产场的6000套190日龄鸡只发病。主诉:经常在早上发现死亡、瘫痪和(或)扭头鸡只;剖检死亡及患病严重鸡只(其中两只出现扭头现象),发现一只腺胃变软,一只腺胃壁穿孔,另两只腺胃乳头出血明显,卵巢充血,肠壁肿胀出血。建议对鸡群使用新城疫进口疫苗3倍量饮水。

<正>1维生素生物素生物素又广泛地参与机体的代谢,因此生物素亦会出现不足和缺乏,而这种缺乏的结果会造成机体代谢功能的紊乱,导致生产性能的下降和抗病能力的削弱

<正>最近市场调查发现,鸡在限饲过程中,腿病表现得尤为普遍和突出,中小型鸡场腿病发病率可达3%～12%,死亡率达5%～10%,严重影响着鸡场的经济效益。1病毒性疾病引起的腿病

引起禽腿变态的营养因素最早受到注意的是某些营养缺乏或不足,造成机体发育受阻和平衡失调.有些病因超出了简单的养分作用范围,而有更为复杂的机制存在.如由几种营养因子互相作用导致禽腿变态的发生;某些饲粮成分含有未知抗营养因子等.

<正> 1 原辅料的质量控制企业要搞好质量管理工作,首先要搞好原料的质量控制。若原料质量得不到有效的控制,企业的质量管理工作也无从谈起了。具体的说,企业要搞好原料的质量控制,需要"思想上有认识,工作上有准备,措施上有预案"。好的原料质量控制工作,一是能降低原料的不合格率;二是能够降低原料库存损耗;三是能有效防止原料采购过程中的灰色交易。客观上都起到了降低成本的作用。1.1 建立原辅料企业内控标准兽药生产企业应以我国现行的三级标准建立企业内控标准,并依此作为自身产品的合格标准。在实际工作中,原材料的物理性状、气味、色泽、粒度等对兽药产品的质量